Triamelon - a new effective inductor of organogenesis in plant tissue culture in vitro

It is set the first, that chemical compound Triamelon (Iodide tris (2,2-trimethylammoniummethyl phosphate)) showing before high growth regulatory activity on melons cultures can be used as an effective inductor of organogenesis in plant tissue culture of Solanaceae family in vitro.

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Datum:2006
Hauptverfasser: Galkina, L.A., Tsygankova, V.A., Synytsa, A.D.
Format: Artikel
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Інститут органічної хімії НАН України 2006
Schriftenreihe:Журнал органічної та фармацевтичної хімії
Online Zugang:http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/42138
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Назва журналу:Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Zitieren:Triamelon - a new effective inductor of organogenesis in plant tissue culture in vitro / L.A. Galkina, V.A. Tsygankova, A.D. Synytsa // Журнал органічної та фармацевтичної хімії. — 2006. — Т. 4, вип. 2(14). — С. 78-80. — Бібліогр.: 14 назв. — англ.

Institution

Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
id irk-123456789-42138
record_format dspace
spelling irk-123456789-421382013-03-10T03:07:18Z Triamelon - a new effective inductor of organogenesis in plant tissue culture in vitro Galkina, L.A. Tsygankova, V.A. Synytsa, A.D. It is set the first, that chemical compound Triamelon (Iodide tris (2,2-trimethylammoniummethyl phosphate)) showing before high growth regulatory activity on melons cultures can be used as an effective inductor of organogenesis in plant tissue culture of Solanaceae family in vitro. Вперше встановлено, що хімічна сполука триамелон (йодид трис (2,2-триметиламонійметилфосфат)), яка раніше показала високу рістрегулюючу активність на баштанних культурах, може використовуватись як ефективний індуктор органогенезу у культурах тканин рослин сімейства пасльонових in vitro. Впервые установлено, что химическое соединение триамелон (йодид трис (2,2-триметиламмонийметилфосфат)), показавшее ранее высокую рострегулирующую активность на бахчевых культурах, может быть использовано как эффективный индуктор органогенеза в культуре тканей растений семейства пасленовых in vitro. 2006 Article Triamelon - a new effective inductor of organogenesis in plant tissue culture in vitro / L.A. Galkina, V.A. Tsygankova, A.D. Synytsa // Журнал органічної та фармацевтичної хімії. — 2006. — Т. 4, вип. 2(14). — С. 78-80. — Бібліогр.: 14 назв. — англ. 0533-1153 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/42138 631.811.98 en Журнал органічної та фармацевтичної хімії Інститут органічної хімії НАН України
institution Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
collection DSpace DC
language English
description It is set the first, that chemical compound Triamelon (Iodide tris (2,2-trimethylammoniummethyl phosphate)) showing before high growth regulatory activity on melons cultures can be used as an effective inductor of organogenesis in plant tissue culture of Solanaceae family in vitro.
format Article
author Galkina, L.A.
Tsygankova, V.A.
Synytsa, A.D.
spellingShingle Galkina, L.A.
Tsygankova, V.A.
Synytsa, A.D.
Triamelon - a new effective inductor of organogenesis in plant tissue culture in vitro
Журнал органічної та фармацевтичної хімії
author_facet Galkina, L.A.
Tsygankova, V.A.
Synytsa, A.D.
author_sort Galkina, L.A.
title Triamelon - a new effective inductor of organogenesis in plant tissue culture in vitro
title_short Triamelon - a new effective inductor of organogenesis in plant tissue culture in vitro
title_full Triamelon - a new effective inductor of organogenesis in plant tissue culture in vitro
title_fullStr Triamelon - a new effective inductor of organogenesis in plant tissue culture in vitro
title_full_unstemmed Triamelon - a new effective inductor of organogenesis in plant tissue culture in vitro
title_sort triamelon - a new effective inductor of organogenesis in plant tissue culture in vitro
publisher Інститут органічної хімії НАН України
publishDate 2006
url http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/42138
citation_txt Triamelon - a new effective inductor of organogenesis in plant tissue culture in vitro / L.A. Galkina, V.A. Tsygankova, A.D. Synytsa // Журнал органічної та фармацевтичної хімії. — 2006. — Т. 4, вип. 2(14). — С. 78-80. — Бібліогр.: 14 назв. — англ.
series Журнал органічної та фармацевтичної хімії
work_keys_str_mv AT galkinala triamelonaneweffectiveinductoroforganogenesisinplanttissuecultureinvitro
AT tsygankovava triamelonaneweffectiveinductoroforganogenesisinplanttissuecultureinvitro
AT synytsaad triamelonaneweffectiveinductoroforganogenesisinplanttissuecultureinvitro
first_indexed 2025-07-04T00:35:31Z
last_indexed 2025-07-04T00:35:31Z
_version_ 1836674535497138176
fulltext ±¢¨������������ 75,$0(/21�x�$�1(:�())(&7,9(�,1'8&725�2) 25*$12*(1(6,6�,1�3/$17�7,668(�&8/785(�,1�9,752 /�$�*DONLQD�9�$�7V\JDQNRYD��$�'�6\Q\WVD � ,QVWLWXWH�RI�%LRRUJDQLF�&KHPLVWU\�DQG�3HWURFKHPLVWU\��1DWLRQDO�$FDGHP\�RI�6FLHQFHV�RI�8NUDLQH�� 0XUPDQVND�VWU������.LHY���������8NUDLQH �,QVWLWXWH�RI�2UJDQLF�¯KHPLVWU\��1DWLRQDO�$FDGHP\�RI�6FLHQFHV�RI�8NUDLQH .H\�ZRUGV��7ULDPHORQ��,RGLGH�WULV������WULPHWK\ODPPRQLXPPHWK\O�SKRVSKDWH����SODQW�WLVVXH�FXOWXUH�� RUJDQRJHQHVLV��6RODQDFHDH�IDPLO\� ,W�LV�VHW�WKH�ILUVW��WKDW�FKHPLFDO�FRPSRXQG�7ULDPHORQ��,RGLGH�WULV������WULPHWK\ODPPRQLXPPHWK\O SKRVSKDWH���VKRZLQJ�EHIRUH�KLJK�JURZWK�UHJXODWRU\�DFWLYLW\�RQ�PHORQV�FXOWXUHV�FDQ�EH�XVHG�DV DQ�HIIHFWLYH�LQGXFWRU�RI�RUJDQRJHQHVLV�LQ�SODQW�WLVVXH�FXOWXUH�RI�6RODQDFHDH�IDPLO\�LQ�YLWUR�� °®¦�ª£©¬«� x� «¬ ¦§� £²£¨°¦ «¦§� �«¢±¨°¬®� ¬®¡�«¬¡£«£¥±� ±� ¨±©º°±®�³� °¨�«¦« ®¬¯©¦«�,1�9,752 ©�¬�¡¾ÉÈ�˾�� ���´ÆÁ¾ËÈÌÀ¾��$�¢�¯ÆËÆÔÝ  ÍÃÎÖÃ� ÀÏоËÌÀÉÃËÌ��×Ì� Ó�Ê�Õ˾� ÏÍÌÉÑȾ� ÐÎÆ¾ÊÃÉÌË� �ÇÌÂÆÂ� ÐÎÆÏ� �����ÐÎÆÊÃÐÆÉ¾ÊÌË�Ç� ÊÃÐÆÉÒÌÏÒ¾Ð����ÝȾ�ξË�ÖÃ�ÍÌȾžɾ�ÀÆÏÌÈÑ�Î�ÏÐÎÃÁÑÉÜÜÕÑ�¾ÈÐÆÀË�ÏÐÚ�˾�¿¾ÖоËËÆÓ�ÈÑÉÚ� ÐÑξÓ��ÊÌÄÃ�ÀÆÈÌÎÆÏÐÌÀÑÀ¾ÐÆÏÚ�ÝÈ�ÃÒÃÈÐÆÀËÆÇ��ËÂÑÈÐÌÎ�ÌÎÁ¾ËÌÁÃËÃÅÑ�Ñ�ÈÑÉÚÐÑξÓ�ÐÈ¾ËÆË ÎÌÏÉÆË�Ï�ÊÃÇÏÐÀ¾�;ÏÉÚÌËÌÀÆÓ�LQ�YLWUR� °®¦�ª£©¬«�x�«¬ ¹§�»²²£¨°¦ «¹§�¦«¢±¨°¬®�¬®¡�«¬¡£«£¥�� �¨±©º°±®�³�°¨�«£§ ®�¯°£«¦§�,1�9,752 ©���¡¾ÉÈÆË¾�� ���´ÙÁ¾ËÈÌÀ¾��$�¢�¯ÆËÆÔ¾  ÍÃÎÀÙÃ�ÑÏоËÌÀÉÃËÌ��ÕÐÌ�ÓÆÊÆÕÃÏÈÌÃ�ÏÌÃÂÆËÃËÆÃ�ÐÎÆ¾ÊÃÉÌË��ÇÌÂÆÂ�ÐÎÆÏ������ÐÎÆÊÃÐÆÉ� ¾ÊÊÌËÆÇÊÃÐÆÉÒÌÏÒ¾Ð���� ÍÌȾžÀÖÃÃ� ξËÃÃ� ÀÙÏÌÈÑÜ� ÎÌÏÐÎÃÁÑÉÆÎÑÜ×ÑÜ� ¾ÈÐÆÀËÌÏÐÚ� ˾ ¿¾ÓÕÃÀÙÓ�ÈÑÉÚÐÑξÓ��ÊÌÄÃÐ�¿ÙÐÚ�ÆÏÍÌÉÚÅÌÀ¾ËÌ�ȾÈ�ÛÒÒÃÈÐÆÀËÙÇ�ÆËÂÑÈÐÌÎ�ÌÎÁ¾ËÌÁÃËÞ�À ÈÑÉÚÐÑÎÃ�ÐȾËÃÇ�ξÏÐÃËÆÇ�ÏÃÊÃÇÏÐÀ¾�;ÏÉÃËÌÀÙÓ�LQ�YLWUR� 7KH�PRVW� LPSRUWDQW�SUREOHP�RI�FHOO�ELRORJ\�DQG ELRWHFKQRORJ\�LV�WKH�VXEVWLWXWLRQ�RI�H[SHQVLYH�QDWXUDO SODQW�JURZWK�UHJXODWRUV��SK\WRKRUPRQHV��E\�V\QWKHWLF FRPSRXQGV� >���@�� 7KH� ZRUOG�ZLGH� H[SHULPHQWV� LQ VXEVWLWXWLRQ�RI�QDWXUDO�SK\WRKRUPRQHV�ZLWK�DUWLILFLDO SUHSDUDWLRQV������'��1$$��12$$��%$3��FRQILUP�D SHUVSHFWLYH�WKLV�DSSURDFK� $W�WKH�ORQJ�WLPH�LQ�WKH�,QVWLWXWH�RI�2UJDQLF�&KHP� LVWU\�DQG�,QVWLWXWH�RI�%LRRUJDQLF�DQG�3HWUROHXP�&KHP� LVWU\�RI�1DWLRQDO�$FDGHP\�RI�6FLHQFHV�RI�8NUDLQH�WKH V\QWKHVLV�DQG�VFUHHQLQJ�RI�SODQW�JURZWK�UHJXODWRUV�DUH WKH�VLJQLILFDQW�GLUHFWLRQ�RI�VFLHQWLILF�LQYHVWLJDWLRQV� )RU�WKH�ELRORJLFDO�VFUHHQLQJ�RI�VXEVWDQFHV�ZLWK�JURZWK� UHJXODWLYH�DFWLYLW\�V\QWKHVL]LQJ�LQ�WKHVH�,QVWLWXWHV�ZH�SUR� SRVHG�WR�XVH�WKH�FXOWXUHV�RI�LVRODWHG�SODQW�WLVVXHV�RI�IDPLO\ 6RODQDFHDH�DV�WHVW�V\VWHP�IRU�ZKLFK�FRQGLWLRQV�RI�LQGXF� WLRQ�FDOOXV� WLVVXH� IRUPDWLRQ� LQ�YLWUR� IURP�GLIIHUHQWLDWHG FHOOV��RUJDQRJHQHVLV�DQG�UHJHQHUDWLRQ�RI�SODQWV�IURP�FHOOV RI�FDOOXV�WLVVXHV�ZHUH�GHWHUPLQHG�LQ�GHWDLO��L�H��FRPSRVL� WLRQV�RI�QXWULHQW�PHGLD�DQG�ZKLFK�SK\WRKRUPRQHV�RU�LWV FRPELQDWLRQ�SURGXFH�HDFK�RI�WKHVH�SURFHVVHV��>���@�� 5HVXOWV�RI�H[SHULPHQWV��7KH�LQIOXHQFH�RI�7ULDPHORQ FRQFHQWUDWLRQV���������PJ�O��RQ�WKH�LQGXFWLRQ�RI�FHOO GLYLVLRQ��WKLV�WHVW�FDQ�EH�FRQVLGHUHG�DV�VSHFLILF�RQH�IRU F\WRNLQLQ�DFWLYLW\�>����@��ZDV�LQYHVWLJDWHG��:LWK�WKLV DLP�LQGLFDWHG�TXDQWLWLHV�RI�7ULDPHORQ�LQVWHDG�RI�NL� QHWLQ�ZHUH� DGGHG� WR�/LQVPDLHU� DQG�6NRRJ�PHGLXP �/6���DQG�FDOOXV�FXOWXUH�RI�FRUH�SDUHQFK\PD�RI� WR� EDFFR�VWHP�ZDV�FXOWLYDWHG��7KH�VDPH�PHGLD�ZLWKRXW NLQHWLQ� DQG� PLQLPXP� HQULFKHG� ZLWK� NLQHWLQ� �/6�� VHUYHG�DV�FRQWURO�VDPSOHV��7KH�LQGH[�HIILFLHQF\�RI�SODQW JURZWK� UHJXODWRUV� ZDV� HVWLPDWHG� E\� LQFUHDVH� RI� FDOOXV ELRPDVV� FRXQWHG� IRU� GU\� DQG� KXPLG�PDVV�� 5HVXOWV� RI H[SHULPHQW�WHVWLI\�WKDW�7ULDPHORQ�HYLQFHV�WKH�F\WRNLQLQ DFWLYLW\�DW�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ���PJ�O�LQ�WKH�EHVW�ZD\�DQG�XQGHU WKLV�FRQGLWLRQV�LW�LV�PRUH�HIIHFWLYH�WKDQ�NLQHWLQ�RQ������ ,Q� WHVW� H[SHULPHQWV� ZLWK� PH]RSK\OO� SURWRSODVWV� RI WREDFFR�WKH�SRVVLELOLW\�WR�XVH�7ULDPHORQ��DW�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ ����PJ�O��LQVWHDG�RI�NLQHWLQ�RQ�ERWK�:���PHGLXP��XVVX� DOO\� DSSOLHG� IRU� IRUPDWLRQ� RI� FHOOVs� FRORQLHV�� DQG�06 PHGLXP� �IRU� LQGXFWLRQ�RI� FDOOXV� WLVVXHV� IRUPDWLRQ�DQG SURGXFLQJ�RI�SODQWV�UHJHQHUDQWV��ZDV�DOVR�GHPRQVWUDWHG�� 7KH�SRVVLELOLW\�WR�VXEVWLWXWH�RI�F\WRNLQLQV�E\�7ULD� PHORQ�ZDV�VKRZQ�RQ���GLIIHUHQW�PHGLD��WKDW�XVXDOO\ XVHG�IRU�WKH�IRUPDWLRQ�DQG�VXSSRUW�RI�WREDFFR�FDOOXV LQ�UHJLPH�RI�ORQJ�WHUP�SDVVLQJ� ���50.8���ZKHUH�����PJ�O�RI�7ULDPHORQ�PL[HG ZLWK���PJ�O�RI�1$$� ¤ÑÎ˾É�ÌÎÁ��о�Ò¾ÎÊ��Ó�Ê����x�������x�°�����ÀÆÍ������� �� ���503���ZKHUH�����PJ�O�RI�7ULDPHORQ�PL[HG�ZLWK ����PJ�O�RI�����'� ���5012���ZKHUH������PJ�O�RI�7ULDPHORQ�PL[HG ZLWK�����PJ�O�RI�,$$�DQG�ZLWK�����PJ�O�����'� ���5012���ZKHUH������PJ�O�RI�7ULDPHORQ�PL[HG ZLWK�����PJ�O�RI�1$$�DQG�ZLWK�����PJ�O�����'� $W� DOO� FRPELQDWLRQV� WKH� JURZWK� DQG� VXSSRUW� RI FDOOXV�ZHUH�REVHUYHG��7KHUH�KDV�QRW�EHHQ�FDOOXV�JURZWK LQKLELWLRQ� $�QH[W�VWDJH�RI�UHVHDUFKHV�ZDV�WR�WHVW�WKH�DFWLRQ�RI V\QWKHWLF�FRPSRXQGV�LQ�WKH�PHGLD�XVLQJ�IRU�LQGXFWLRQ RI� RUJDQRJHQHVLV�� 7KH� URRW� IRUPDWLRQ� LQ� FXOWXUHG WREDFFR�FDOOXV�DQG�DW�IROORZLQJ�SDVVLQJ�x�WKH�IRUPD� WLRQ�RI�VWHP�EXGV�DQG�WKHQ�OHDIOHWV�ZHUH�REVHUYHG�RQ 502��PHGLXP�FRQWDLQLQJ�D�PL[WXUH�RI���PJ�O�7ULD� PHORQ�DQG���PJ�O�1$$��ILJXUH���� 7KH�IRUPDWLRQ�RI�EXGV�ZDV�IRXQG�RQ�WKH�5023� PHGLXP�ZLWK�����PJ�O�7ULDPHORQ�DQG�����PJ�O�1$$� :KHQ�ZH�XVHG�50.8��PHGLXP�ZLWK�����PJ�O�7ULD� PHORQ�DQG���PJ�O�1$$�SODQWV�UHJHQHUDQWV�JUHZ��$OVR LW�VKRXOG�EH�QRWLFHG�WKDW�XQGHU�WKH�LQIOXHQFH�RI�OLJKW FDOOXV�EHFDPH�JUHHQ�EHFDXVH�LQGLFDWHG�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI�7ULDPHORQ�LQGXFHG�WKH�V\QWKHVLV�RI�FKORURSK\OO�DQG IRUPDWLRQ�RI�FKORURSODVWV� 7KH�VRPDWLF�HPEU\RJHQHVLV�RQ�50.8��PHGLXP DW�KLJK�FRQFHQWUDWLRQV��������PJ�O��RI�7ULDPHORQ�DQG RQ�503��PHGLXP�DW�FHUWDLQ�FRPELQDWLRQ�7ULDPHORQ ZLWK�DUWLILFLDO�DX[LQ�1$$�ZDV�LQGXFHG� 7KH�JRRG�UHVXOW�IRU�DFWLYH�JURZWK�RI�HPEU\RV�DQG FRQQHFWLQJ� ZLWK� LW� IXUWKHU� HORQJDWLRQ� RI� VWHP� �L�H� WUDQVLWLRQ�IURP�PHULVWHPDWLF�WLVVXH�WR�SKDVH�RI�DFWLYH JURZWK�>����@��KDYH�EHHQ�UHFHLYHG�DW�����FRQVLVWHQW SDVVDJHV�RI�HPEU\RJHQLF�FDOOXV�RQ�WKH�5023��PH� GLXP��FRQWDLQLQJ�KLJK�FRQFHQWUDWLRQV����������PJ�O� RI� 7ULDPHORQ��7KHQ� FDOOXV� WLVVXH�ZDV� SODFHG� LQ� WKH PHGLXP�3�ZLWKRXW�KRUPRQHV��ILJXUH���� 7KH�DSSHDUDQFH�RI�SODQW�UHJHQHUDQW�ZDV�REVHUYHG RQ�50%��PHGLXP�FRQWDLQLQJ�QR�DX[LQ��EXW�HQULFKHG ZLWK���PJ�O�7ULDPHORQ�LQVWHDG�RI���������PJ�O�F\WRNL� QLQ�%$3� �ILJXUH� ���� 7KLV� WHVW�WXEH� SODQW�UHJHQHUDQW ZLWK�WKH�DLP�RI�URRW�IRUPDWLRQ�ZDV�SODFHG�LQ�50PLQ� PHGLXP��ZLWKRXW�SK\WRKRUPRQHV��RU�FRQWDLQLQJ������PJ�O 7ULDPHORQ�LQVWHDG�DX[LQ�1$$� 6FUHHQLQJ� RI� LQGXFWLRQ� RI� FDOOXV� IRUPDWLRQ� DQG FDOOXV� SDVVLQJ� RI� ZLOG� VSHFLHV� RI� WRPDWR� KDYH� EHHQ PDGH�RQ�%.�PHGLXP��,Q�WKLV�PHGLXP�WR�WZR�DX[LQV x�1$$� DQG� ����'�ZH� DGGHG� ����PJ�O� 7ULDPHORQ LQVWHDG�RI�NLQHWLQ��7KH�VDPH�SURFHGXUH�ZDV�LQYHVWL� JDWHG�RQ�5023�PHGLXP�FRQWDLQLQJ���PJ�O�RI�7ULD� PHORQ�� 7R� VXSSRUW� WKH� FDOOXV� RI� FXOWXUDO� VSHFLHV� RI WRPDWR�ZH�XVHG�50.8�PHGLXP�ZLWK�����PJ�O�7ULD� PHORQ� $V�D�UHVXOW�RI�VXEVHTXHQW�PLFURFORQDO�UHSURGXFWLRQ E\�VKRRWV��WKH�SODQWV��UHJHQHUDQWV�JURZQ�LQ�SUHVHQFH 7ULDPHORQ� SRVVHVV� PRUH� SRZHUIXO� GHYHORSPHQW� RI YHJHWDWLYH�DQG�JHQHUDWLYH�RUJDQV�WKDQ�WKH�SODQWV�JURZQ LQ�SUHVHQFH�F\WRNLQLQ�x�NLQHWLQ��)RU�H[DPSOH��ELRPDVV RI�HOLWH�VRUWV�RI�WREDFFR�LV�PXOWLSOLHG�LQ�����WLPHV��WKH ZLGWK� RI� OHDI� SODWH� LQFUHDVHV� LQ� ���� WLPHV� DQG� WKH GLVWDQFH�EHWZHHQ� LQWHUEXQGOHV�EHFRPHV� VKRUW� LQ���� WLPHV�� WKH� FRQWHQW� RI� QLFRWLQH� LQ� WREDFFR� OHDIV� LQ� FUHDVHV�RQ������WKH�SODQWV�JURZQ�XVLQJ�7ULDPHORQ�DUH PRUH� VWHDG\� WR�SDWKRJHQV�DQG�XQIDYRUDEOH�HQYLURQ� PHQWDO�IDFWRUV� 3ODQW�PDWHULDO��7KH�SODQWV�RI�WREDFFR��1LFRWLDQD WDEDFXP��YDULHWLHV�5����65����YLVFRQVLQLD���ZHUH�XVHG LQ�WHVW�LQ�YLWUR� )LJXUH����7KH�VWHP�EXG�IRUPDWLRQ�DQG�WKH�DSSHDUDQFH� RI�OHDYHV�RQ�WKH�502��PHGLXP�FRQWDLQLQJ���PJ�O� RI�7ULDPHORQ�DQG���PJ�O�RI�1$$�� )LJXUH����3ODQW�JURZWK�RQ�WKH�5023��PHGLXP�FRQWDLQLQJ ��PJ�O�RI�7ULDPHORQ�DQG�����PJ�O�RI�1$$� )LJXUH����7KH�UHJHQHUDWLRQ�RI�ZKROH�WREDFFR� SODQW�RQ�WKH�50%��PHGLXP�FRQWDLQLQJ���PJ�O� RI�7ULDPHORQ� ¤ÑÎ˾É�ÌÎÁ��о�Ò¾ÎÊ��Ó�Ê����x�������x�°�����ÀÆÍ������� �� %HIRUH�LQWURGXFLQJ�LQ�WKH�FXOWXUH�WKH�SODQW�WLVVXHV �OHDI�RU�VWHP�WLVVXHV��ZHUH�VWHULOL]HG�ZLWK�GLRFLG��RU K\SRFKORULGH��DQG�����HWKDQRO�DQG�WKHQ�ZDVKHG�ZLWK VWHULOH�GLVWLOOHG�ZDWHU� &XOWXUDO�PHGLD� IRU� SODQW� WLVVXHV��0RGLILHG�E\�XV GLIIHUHQW� QXWULHQW� PHGLD� �50.8�� 503�� 5023� 502��5012��RQ� WKH�EDVLV� RI� HODERUDWHG�E\�0X� UDVKLJH�DQG�6NRRJ��06��PHGLXP��DV�ZHOO�DV�*DPERUJ HW� DO�� �%���PHGLXP�DQG�/LQVPDLHU� DQG�6NRRJ� �/6� PHGLXP�ZHUH�XVHG ��1DPHV�DQG�FRPSRVLWLRQV�RI�WKH PHGLD�ZHUH�WDNHQ�IURP�UHI��>�@��7R�SUHSDUH�WKH�QXWULHQW PHGLD�WKH�LQLWLDO�FRQFHQWUDWHG�VROXWLRQV�ZHUH�XVHG� ������WLPHV�VROXWLRQ�RI�PDFURVDOWV���������WLPHV�VROXWLRQ RI�PLFURVDOWV��EHVLGHV�VDOW�VROXWLRQV�RI�&R&O��[��+�2�DQG &X62��[��+�2�ZHUH�SUHSDUHG�VHSDUDWHO\�E\�D�FRQVLVWHQW GLVVROYLQJ�RI����PJ�RI�HDFK�VDOW�LQ����PO�RI�ZDWHU��7KHQ WKH\�ZHUH�XQLWHG�ZLWK�VROXWLRQ�RI�RWKHU�PLFURVDOWV��*HQHUDO YROXPH�ZDV�LQFUHDVHG�WR�����PO������DQ�LQLWLDO�VROXWLRQ�RI )H�KHODW�ZDV�SUHSDUHG�E\�D�FRQVLVWHQW�GLVVROYLQJ������J�RI 1D�('7$�DQG������J�RI�)H62��[��+�2�LQ�ZDWHU��WKH�ILQDO YROXPH�ZDV�OHG�WR���O�DQG�KHDWHG�WR�����&���7R�SUHSDUH ��O�RI�DQ�DJDU�QXWULHQW�PHGLXP�ZH�PL[HG�����PO�RI�WKH LQLWLDO�VROXWLRQ�RI�PDFURVDOWV�����PO�RI�PLFURVDOWV����PO�RI )H�KHODW�DQG�FRUUHVSRQGLQJ�TXDQWLWLHV�RI�DJDU��YLWDPLQV� KRUPRQHV��K\GURFDUERQV��HWF� 9LWDPLQ�VROXWLRQV�ZHUH�SUHSDUHG�MXVW�EHIRUH�H[SHUL� PHQWV�� $X[LQV� ZHUH� GLVVROYHG� LQLWLDOO\� LQ� D� VPDOO TXDQWLW\� RI� HWKDQRO� DQG� EURXJKW� WR� WKH� QHFHVVDU\ YROXPH�ZLWK�ZDWHU�XQGHU�KHDWLQJ��F\WRNLQLQ�VROXWLRQV ZHUH� SUHSDUHG� E\� D� GLVVROYLQJ� RI� D� FRUUHVSRQGLQJ F\WRNLQLQ�LQ�D�VPDOO�YROXPH�RI����1�+&O�XQGHU�KHDWLQJ ZLWK�WKH�IROORZLQJ�PL[LQJ�ZLWK�QHFHVVDU\�DPRXQW�RI ZDWHU� $JDU�QXWULHQW�PHGLD������J�RI�DJDU���O��EURXJKW�WR FHUWDLQ�S+�ZHUH�DXWRFODYHG� ,VRODWLRQ�DQG�FXOWLYDWLRQ�RI�PHVRSK\OO�SURWRSODVWV IURP�OHDI�GLVFV�RI�WREDFFR�ZHUH�UHDOLVHG�E\�PHWKRGV�LQ GHWDLO�GHVFULEHG�LQ�SURWRFRO�SDUW�RI�WKH�ERRN�>�@� 6XPPDU\ ,Q�RXU�H[SHULPHQWV�ZH�VKRZHG�WKDW�7ULDPHORQ�FDQ EH�XVHG� DV� VXEVWLWXWH� RI� SK\WRKRUPRQHV� DX[LQV� DQG F\WRNLQLQV� �VXFK� DV� NLQHWLQ� DQG� %$3��� DQG� FDQ� EH FRPELQHG�ERWK�ZLWK�QDWXUDO�DX[LQ�,$$��LQGROH���DFH� WLF�DFLG��DQG�ZLWK�V\QWKHWLF�DQDORJXHV�����'�DQG�1$$ �QDSKWKDOHQHDFHWLF�DFLG��LQ�WKH�PHGLD�XVHG�IRU�FXOWL� YDWLRQ�RI�FDOOXV�DQG�IRU�LQGXFWLRQ�RI�SODQWV�VKRRWV�IURP XQGLIIHUHQWLDWHG�FDOOXV�FHOOV�DQG�LQ�WKH�PHGLD�XVHG�IRU DFWLYH� JURZWK� RI� HPEU\RV� DQG� IXUWKHU� GHYHORSPHQW SODQWV�UHJHQHUDQWV� IURP� HPEU\RJHQLF� WLVVXH� LQ� YLW� UR�7KH�GDWD�RI�WKLV�ZRUN�DOVR�FRQILUP�WKDW�7ULDPHORQ FDQ�EH�XVHG�IRU�VHOHFWLRQ�RI�HOLWH�VRUWV�RI�WREDFFR�DQG WRPDWR�SODQWV�ZLWK�WKH�LPSURYHG�HFRQRPLF�TXDOLWLHV� LQFOXGLQJ�IRU�WKH�UHFHLSW�RI�YLUXVOHVV�PDWHULDO� 5HIHUHQFHV ���¡¾Ê¿ÑÎÁ�¨�¥���¨ÑɾÃÀ¾�¬�«���ªÑÎÌÊÔÃÀ�¡�¯��Æ�ÂÎ��®ÃÁÑÉÝÐÌÎÙ�ÎÌÏо�ξÏÐÃËÆÇ��x�ª���¨ÌÉÌÏ��������x�����Ï� ���'RUIIOLQJ�.��'DV�+RUPRQV\VWHP�GHU�3IODQ]HQ��x�6WXWWJDUG��6SULQJHU��������x�����Î�� ���¨¾ÉÆËÆË�²�©��­ÎÆÊÃËÃËÆÃ�ÎÃÁÑÉÝÐÌÎÌÀ�ÎÌÏо�À�ÏÃÉÚÏÈÌÊ�ÓÌÅÝÇÏÐÀÃ��x�¨���±ÎÌľÇ��������x�����Ï� ���®ÃÁÑÉÝÐÌÎÙ�ÎÌÏо�ξÏÐÃËÆÇ���­ÌÂ�ÎÃÂ�� �¯�¶ÃÀÃÉÑÓÆ�� �­�¨ÑÓ¾ÎÝ������¯ÌÅÆËÌÀ¾��x�¨���������x�����Ï�� ��� ­ÃÐÎÃËÈÌ�  �¯��� ¨¾Î¾¿¾ËÌÀ� ¼� ��� ©ÌÅÆËÏÈÆÇ� ª�¬�� Æ� ÂÎ�� «ÌÀÙÃ� ÏÆËÐÃÐÆÕÃÏÈÆÃ� ÎÃÁÑÉÝÐÌÎÙ� ÎÌÏо� ξÏÐÃËÆÇ� ®ÃÁÑÉÝÐÌÎÙ�ÎÌÏо�ξÏÐÃËÆÇ��x�¨���®¢«°­��������x�¯�������� ���7KH�3ODQW�*URZWK�5HJXODWRUV�LQ�$JULFXOWXUH�DQG�+RUWLFXOWXUH��5ROH�DQG�&RPPHUFLDO�8VHV���(G��$PDUMLW�6��%DVUD��x�1HZ <RUN��+DZRUWK�3UHVV��������x�����Î� ����ÑÐÃËÈÌ�®�¡��¨ÑÉÚÐÑξ�ÆÅÌÉÆÎÌÀ¾ËËÙÓ�ÐȾËÃÇ�Æ�ÒÆÅÆÌÉÌÁÆÝ�ÊÌÎÒÌÁÃËÞ�ξÏÐÃËÆÇ��x�ª���«¾ÑȾ��������x�����Ï� ���­ÌÉÃÀÌÇ� � ��²ÆÐÌÁÌÎÊÌËÙ��x�©ÃËÆËÁÎ���¦ÅÂ��ÑË�о��������x�����Ï� ���¯ÆÂÌÎÌÀ� �����­ÆÀÃËÚ�«�ª���¡Éÿ¾�¼�¼���¯ÙÐËÆÈ�¨�ª��¯ÌÊ¾ÐÆÕÃÏȾÝ�ÁÆ¿ÎÆÂÆÅ¾ÔÆÝ�ÏÃÊÃÇÏÐÀ¾�;ÏÉÃËÌÀÙÓ��x�¨�� «¾ÑÈÌÀ¾�ÂÑÊȾ��������x�����Ï� ����«ÆÈÃÉÉ�©�¢��®ÃÁÑÉÝÐÌÎÙ�ÎÌÏо�Æ�ξÅÀÆÐÆÝ�ξÏÐÃËÆÇ��x�ª���¨ÌÉÌÏ��������x�����Ï� ����.KDODIDOOD�0�0���+DWWRUL�5�����3ODQW�*URZWK�5HJXODWLRQ��x�������x�9RO������x�3���������� ����¨¾ÉÆËÆË�²�©���¯¾Î˾ÔȾÝ� � ���­ÌÉÆ×ÑÈ� �£��ªÃÐÌÂÙ�ÈÑÉÚÐÑÎÙ�ÐȾËÃÇ�À�ÒÆÅÆÌÉÌÁÆÆ�Æ�¿ÆÌÓÆÊÆÆ�ξÏÐÃËÆÇ��x ¨���«¾ÑÈÌÀ¾�ÂÑÊȾ��������x�����Ï� ����¶ÃÀÃÉÑÓ¾� �¯��®ÌÏÐ�ξÏÐÃËÆÇ�Æ�ÃÁÌ�ÎÃÁÑÉÝÔÆÝ�À�ÌËÐÌÁÃËÃÅÃ��x�ª���¨ÌÉÌÏ��������x�����Ï� ����1LFRWLDQD���3URFHGXUHV�IRU�H[SHULPHQWDO�XVH��x�7HFKQLFDO�EXOOHWLQ�������x�8�6��'HSDUWPHQW�RI�$JULFXOWXUH��������x�����Î� «¾Â�ÇÖɾ�ÂÌ�ÎþÈÔ��������������Î� �0RGLILHG�E\�XV�QXWULHQW�PHGLD�GHVLJQDWHG�WKURXJK�WKH�WH[W�E\�ILJXUHV�LQGH[� ¤ÑÎ˾É�ÌÎÁ��о�Ò¾ÎÊ��Ó�Ê����x�������x�°�����ÀÆÍ������� ��