Spirochona americana sp. n. (Ciliophora, Chonotrichia) – a New North American Freshwater Chonotrich Species from the Amphipod Gammarus lacustris
Spirochona americana Dovgal, sp. n. is described from specimens collected in Pyramid Lake, Alberta, Canada. The chonotrich was found colonizing the gills of the gammarid amphipod Gammarus lacustris. S. americana differs from eight other species of the genus Spirochona in the ratio of cell length to...
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irk-123456789-646982014-06-19T03:01:31Z Spirochona americana sp. n. (Ciliophora, Chonotrichia) – a New North American Freshwater Chonotrich Species from the Amphipod Gammarus lacustris Dovgal, I.V. Grigorovich, I.A. Краткие сообщения Spirochona americana Dovgal, sp. n. is described from specimens collected in Pyramid Lake, Alberta, Canada. The chonotrich was found colonizing the gills of the gammarid amphipod Gammarus lacustris. S. americana differs from eight other species of the genus Spirochona in the ratio of cell length to cell width, cell body shape, size and morphology of the peristomal funnel, maximum cell size, and geographical distribution. Описана Spirochona americana Dovgal, sp. n. по материалам из оз. Пирамида, провинция Альберта, Канада. Инфузория была обнаружена на жабрах гаммариды Gammarus lacustris. От восьми других видов рода Spirochona S. americana отличается пропорциями и формой тела, размером и морфологией предротовой воронки, максимальной длиной тела и географическим распространением. 2001 Article Spirochona americana sp. n. (Ciliophora, Chonotrichia) – a New North American Freshwater Chonotrich Species from the Amphipod Gammarus lacustris / I.V. Dovgal, I.A. Grigorovich // Вестник зоологии. — 2001. — Т. 35, № 5. — С. 77-80. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. 0084-5604 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/64698 593.17 en Вестник зоологии Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
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Краткие сообщения Краткие сообщения |
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Краткие сообщения Краткие сообщения Dovgal, I.V. Grigorovich, I.A. Spirochona americana sp. n. (Ciliophora, Chonotrichia) – a New North American Freshwater Chonotrich Species from the Amphipod Gammarus lacustris Вестник зоологии |
| description |
Spirochona americana Dovgal, sp. n. is described from specimens collected in Pyramid Lake, Alberta, Canada. The chonotrich was found colonizing the gills of the gammarid amphipod Gammarus lacustris. S. americana differs from eight other species of the genus Spirochona in the ratio of cell length to cell width, cell body shape, size and morphology of the peristomal funnel, maximum cell size, and geographical distribution. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Dovgal, I.V. Grigorovich, I.A. |
| author_facet |
Dovgal, I.V. Grigorovich, I.A. |
| author_sort |
Dovgal, I.V. |
| title |
Spirochona americana sp. n. (Ciliophora, Chonotrichia) – a New North American Freshwater Chonotrich Species from the Amphipod Gammarus lacustris |
| title_short |
Spirochona americana sp. n. (Ciliophora, Chonotrichia) – a New North American Freshwater Chonotrich Species from the Amphipod Gammarus lacustris |
| title_full |
Spirochona americana sp. n. (Ciliophora, Chonotrichia) – a New North American Freshwater Chonotrich Species from the Amphipod Gammarus lacustris |
| title_fullStr |
Spirochona americana sp. n. (Ciliophora, Chonotrichia) – a New North American Freshwater Chonotrich Species from the Amphipod Gammarus lacustris |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Spirochona americana sp. n. (Ciliophora, Chonotrichia) – a New North American Freshwater Chonotrich Species from the Amphipod Gammarus lacustris |
| title_sort |
spirochona americana sp. n. (ciliophora, chonotrichia) – a new north american freshwater chonotrich species from the amphipod gammarus lacustris |
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Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| publishDate |
2001 |
| topic_facet |
Краткие сообщения |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/64698 |
| citation_txt |
Spirochona americana sp. n. (Ciliophora, Chonotrichia) – a New North American Freshwater Chonotrich Species from the Amphipod Gammarus lacustris / I.V. Dovgal, I.A. Grigorovich // Вестник зоологии. — 2001. — Т. 35, № 5. — С. 77-80. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Вестник зоологии |
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| first_indexed |
2025-07-05T15:16:30Z |
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2025-07-05T15:16:30Z |
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1836820558871789568 |
| fulltext |
Vestnik zoologii, 35(5): 77—80, 2001
© I. V. Dovgal, I. A. Grigorovich, 2001
UDC 593.17
SPIROCHONA AMERICANA SP. N. (CILIOPHORA,
CHONOTRICHIA) – A NEW NORTH AMERICAN
FRESHWATER CHONOTRICH SPECIES
FROM THE AMPHIPOD (GAMMARUS LACUSTRIS)
I. V. Dovgal1, I. A. Grigorovich2
1Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, vul. B. Khmelnits’kogo, 15, Kiev-30, MSP, 01601 Ukraine
E-mail: dovgal@dovgal.kiev.ua
2Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor,
Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
Accepted 7 April 2000
Spirochona americana sp. n. (Ciliophora, Chonotrichia) – íîâûé âèä ïðåñíîâîäíûõ õîíîòðèõ ñ áîêî-
ïëàâà (Gammarus lacustris) èç Ñåâåðíîé Àìåðèêè. Äîâãàëü È. Â., Ãðèãîðîâè÷ È. À. – Îïèñàíà
Spirochona americana Dovgal, sp. n. ïî ìàòåðèàëàì èç îç. Ïèðàìèäà, ïðîâèíöèÿ Àëüáåðòà, Êàíà-
äà. Èíôóçîðèÿ áûëà îáíàðóæåíà íà æàáðàõ ãàììàðèäû Gammarus lacustris. Îò âîñüìè äðóãèõ âè-
äîâ ðîäà Spirochona S. americana îòëè÷àåòñÿ ïðîïîðöèÿìè è ôîðìîé òåëà, ðàçìåðîì è ìîðôîëî-
ãèåé ïðåäðîòîâîé âîðîíêè, ìàêñèìàëüíîé äëèíîé òåëà è ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèì ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèåì.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà : èíôóçîðèè, õîíîòðèõè, Spirochona, Ñåâåðíàÿ Àìåðèêà.
Spirochona americana sp. n. (Ciliophora, Chonotrichia) – a New North American Freshwater Cho-
notrich Species from the Amphipod Gammarus lacustris. Dovgal I. V., Grigorovich I. A. – Spirochona
americana Dovgal, sp. n. is described from specimens collected in Pyramid Lake, Alberta, Canada. The
chonotrich was found colonizing the gills of the gammarid amphipod Gammarus lacustris. S. americana
differs from eight other species of the genus Spirochona in the ratio of cell length to cell width, cell
body shape, size and morphology of the peristomal funnel, maximum cell size, and geographical dis-
tribution.
Key wo rd s : Infusoria, chonotrichs, Spirochona, North America.
The ciliate genus Spirochona Stein, 1852 comprises freshwater and marine species, which differ in the shape
of cell body, size and morphology of the peristomal funnel, and structure of the adhesive organelles. Eight species
of Spirochona were recognized from prior studies (Jankowski, 1973). Spirochona gemmipara Stein, 1852, a type
species of the genus, colonizes the gill plates of the freshwater gammarid amphipod Gammarus lacustris. Spiro-
chona gemmipara is thought to possess an extensive Palaearctic distribution, conforming to the range of its host
(Jankowski, 1973, Batisse, 1994, Dovgal, 2000). However, this chonotrich is most frequently encountered in
Europe (see Schodel, 1987). In Lake Baikal, valid records are provided for five species of Spirochona including S.
gnathopodialis Jankowski, 1973, S. gemmipara, S. brevis Jankowski, 1973, S. globulus Swarczewsky, 1928, S. sim-
plex Swarczewsky, 1928, and S. tuba Swarczewsky, 1928. The first species lives on gnathopods, whereas the other
taxa colonize gill plates of gammarids. The marine species of Spirochona are represented by two taxa –
S. halophila Matsudo et Mohr, 1968 and S. marina Jankowski, 1973 – both of which colonize gammarid gills
(Jankowski, 1973). The former is described from the Pacific coast of North America and the latter from the
Okhotsk, Bering and Japanese seas.
The freshwater chonotrichs of the genus Spirochona were also reported from North American locali-
ties (Herrich, 1884, Tibbs, 1967, cited by Jankowski, 1973); however, these distributions were not confirmed
in recent taxonomic treatises.
This paper formally describes a new species, Spirochona americana, from the gills of G. lacustris col-
lected in Pyramid Lake, Alberta, Canada. As well, we detail taxonomic aspects of other species of Spirochona
and discuss morphological features, by which these taxa differ from S. americana.
Material and methods
Collection of the gammarid amphipod G. lacustris from Pyramid Lake was performed by Dr. Frank
Wilhelm, New Zealand. Gammarus lacustris was collected during summer 1997 and preserved in 70% ethanol.
I. V. Dovgal, I. A. Grigorovich 78
Pyramid Lake (52°55�N and 118°05�W) is located in Alberta, Canada, at an elevation of 1,186 m above sea
level. It has a surface area of 127.4 ha, volume of 11,130,000 m3, maximum depth of 19.0 m, and mean
depth of 8.7 m. Water conductivity at the collection site was 242 μS and pH was 7.7.
In the laboratory, 20 specimens of G. lacustris were examined using a dissecting microscope for the
presence of commensals. On the gills of G. lacustris, we detected one chonotrich species, S. americana, coex-
isting with the suctorian ciliate Dendrocometes paradoxus Stein, 1851. In order to produce permanent prepara-
tions of S. americana, the gill plates with attached chonotrichs were placed in a concentrated Bouin’s fixative,
then stained with Boehmer’s haematoxylin and, finally, mounted in Canada balsam. The type material Spiro-
chona americana, hapantotype N 280, is deposited at the Department of Fauna and Systematics of Inverte-
brates, Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Spirochona americana Dovgal, sp. n.
Etymology . The specific name is of Latin derivation and reflects the geographi-
cal distribution of this species in North America.
Host . Adult gammarid amphipod Gammarus lacustris. Localization: edges of gill
plates.
Type loca l i ty . Pyramid Lake, Alberta, Canada; sampled during summer 1997.
Hapantotype N 280: Preparation of sessile forms mounted in Canada balsam
and deposited in the Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology.
Diagnos i s . Body dimensions 47—71×24—32 μm. Cell body oviform in shape, ex-
panded in middle section (fig. 1, 1, 2; tabl. 1). Maximal body width equal to or ex-
ceeding width of peristomal collar slope. Macronucleus spherical and located in top
third of cell body. Peristomal funnel wide, short, lacking adventitious plicae, with col-
lar spiral composed of 2.5—3 convolutions. Inner, convoluted part of collar spiral al-
most completely surrounded by outer convolution. Podite short and composed of adhe-
sive disc.
Fig. 1. Trophont of Spirochona americana from Pyramid Lake, Alberta: 1 – photomicrograph, dorsal
view (×600); 2 – drawing, ventral view (scale bar 10 μm).
Ðèñ. 1. Òðîôîíò Spirochona americana èç îç. Ïèðàìèäà, ïðîâèíöèÿ Àëüáåðòà, Êàíàäà: 1 – ìèêðîôîòî-
ãðàôèÿ, âèä ñ äîðñàëüíîé ñòîðîíû (×600); 2 – âèä ñ âåíòðàëüíîé ñòîðîíû (ìàñøòàáíàÿ ëèíåéêà –
10 ìêì).
Spirochona americana sp. n. – a New Chonotrich Species from the Amphipod …
79
Narra t ive . This species is probably related closely to S. gemmipara as it also pos-
sesses a non-flattened, elongated body cell, a collar spiral consisting of 2.5—3 convolu-
tions and a relatively short peristomal funnel which extends 1/3 the body length
(tabl. 2). However the two taxa differ in the ratio of body length to body width and by
the absence in S. americana of adventitious plicae and lateral sacs on the peristomal
funnel. Based on the ratio of body length to body width, S. americana resembles
S. globulus and S. halophila, but the former has a shorter peristomal funnel than the
two other taxa (tabl. 2). Two species in the genus, i. e. S. halophila and S. marina, oc-
cur exclusively in marine habitats. Spirochona americana can be discriminated from S.
simplex in that its cell body is not flattened, while in the latter species it is dorso-
ventrally compressed.
A. V. Jankowski (1973) hypothesized that speciation in the sessile Chonotrichia
may be associated with their adaptation to a specific host species and specialization to
a site on the host body, as well as co-evolution with the host species. A. V. Jankow-
Tab l e 1 . Morphometric characterization of Spirochona americana*
Òàáëèöà 1 . Ðàçìåðíûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè Spirochona americana
Character X Min Max SD Sx
Body, length 62.54 47.34 71.01 7.17 2.39
Body, width 27.18 23.67 31.56 2.94 0.98
Peristomal funnel, length 18.70 13.15 23.67 3.07 1.02
Peristomal funnel, width 26.59 21.04 28.93 3.07 1.02
Macronucleus, length 13.73 10.52 15.78 2.19 0.73
Macronucleus, width 10.23 7.89 13.15 2.06 0.68
No t e . *All data based on 10 randomly selected specimens. All measurements in μm. Abbreviations: X –
arithmetic mean; Min – minimum; Max – maximum; SD – standard deviation; Sx – standard error.
Tab l e 2 . Comparative characteristics of species of the genus Spirochona (after A. V. Jankowski (1973) and
own data)
Òàáëèöà 2 . Ñðàâíèòåëüíàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà âèäîâ ðîäà Spirochona (ïî äàííûì À. Â. ßíêîâñêîãî
(1973) è ñîáñòâåííûì)
Characters Species
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX
S. gemmi-
para*
non-flattened,
elongated
2—3.5 1/3 poorly
marked
small narrow present 38—98 4:1
S. brevis non-flattened,
elongated
2.5—3.75 1/3 superfi-
cially
notched
poorly
developed
wide short 62—78 4.3:1
S. globulus non-flattened,
wide, saccular
1.75—2.5 1/2 poorly
marked
poorly
developed
wide absent or
poorly
developed
63—66 2.5:1
S. simplex dorso-ventrally
flattened, wide
2—3 2/5 poorly
marked
poorly
developed
wide absent or
poorly
developed
87—97 3:1
S. gnatho-
podialis
non-flattened,
spindle-shaped
2.75—3.5 2/5 poorly
marked
poorly
developed
narrow long 102—
126
4:1
S. tuba non-flattened,
elongated
2—2.75 3/5 deeply
notched
large narrow short 78—90 3.5:1
S. halophila non-flattened,
non-wide
1.75—3 2/5 absent absent wide absent 36—40 2.5:1
S. marina non-flattened,
wide
2—2.75 2/5 poorly
marked
poorly
developed
narrow present 51—78 4:1
S. america-
na sp. n.*
non-flattened,
oviform
2.5—3 1/3 absent absent narrow present 47—71 2:1
No t e . I – body shape; II – convolutions of peristomal funnel spiral; III – ratio of peristomal funnel
length to body length; IV – adventitious plicae of peristomal funnel; V – lateral sacs of peristomal funnel;
VI – width of lower body section; VII – pseudostyle; VIII – body length (in μm); IX – ratio of body
length to body width; * – own data.
I. V. Dovgal, I. A. Grigorovich 80
ski (1973) further inferred that adaptive radiation of S. gemmipara in Lake Baikal has
led to the assemblage of four endemic species of Spirochona.
It has yet to be established what relationships exist between S. americana and
S. gemmipara, but the two species exhibit similar host and cite-specific affinities. It is
possible that S. americana represents a rare form of ciliates speciation, resulting from
the geographic isolation of its host species’ populations on the different continents.
Acknowledgements
Authors thank Frank Wilhelm and Jonathan Witt for providing the sample from, and information on
Pyramid Lake. Comments from Hugh MacIsaac improved the clarity of the manuscript.
Batisse A. Sous-classe des Chonotrichia Wallengren, 1895 // de Puytorac P. Traité de Zoologie. Anatomie,
Systématique, Biologie. Tome II. Infusoires ciliés. Fasc. 2. Systématique. – Paris ; Milan ; Barcelone :
Masson, 1994. – P. 433—473.
Dovgal I. V. The distribution and variability of chonotrichs (Ciliophora, Chonotrichia) of the Ukrainian
fauna. Communication 1. Spirochona gemmipara // Vestn. zoologii. – 2000. – 34, N 4—5.– P. 87—
92 [In Russian].
Jankowski A. V. Infusoria. Subclass Chonotricha. – Leningrad : Nauka, 1973. – 353 p. – (Fauna of USSR;
Vol. 2, fasc. 1) [In Russian].
Schodel H. Sesshafte Wimpertiere (Peritricha, Chonotricha, Suctoria) auf Asellus aquaticus und Gammariden
// Limnologica. – 1987. – 18, N 1. – S. 83—166.
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