A New Genus and Species of the Family Hypogastruridae (Collembola) from Skelskaya Cave in the Crimea
Taurogastrura skelica gen. et sp. n. of the family Hypogastruridae from Skelskaya Cave in the Crimean Mountains is described. The new genus belongs to the “hypogastrurian” lineage of genera with reduced number of ommatidia.
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Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України
2007
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| Цитувати: | A New Genus and Species of the Family Hypogastruridae (Collembola) from Skelskaya Cave in the Crimea / R.S. Vargovitsh // Вестник зоологии. — 2007. — Т. 41, № 1. — С. 29–34. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| id |
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irk-123456789-649362014-06-22T03:02:17Z A New Genus and Species of the Family Hypogastruridae (Collembola) from Skelskaya Cave in the Crimea Vargovitsh, R.S. Фауна и систематика Taurogastrura skelica gen. et sp. n. of the family Hypogastruridae from Skelskaya Cave in the Crimean Mountains is described. The new genus belongs to the “hypogastrurian” lineage of genera with reduced number of ommatidia. Описан новый род и вид ногохвосток семейства Hypogastruridae из Скельской пещеры в Крыму. Новый род принадлежит к «гипогаструрной» линии родов с редуцированным количеством глазков. 2007 Article A New Genus and Species of the Family Hypogastruridae (Collembola) from Skelskaya Cave in the Crimea / R.S. Vargovitsh // Вестник зоологии. — 2007. — Т. 41, № 1. — С. 29–34. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. 0084-5604 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/64936 595.713(447.8) en Вестник зоологии Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
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Фауна и систематика Фауна и систематика |
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Фауна и систематика Фауна и систематика Vargovitsh, R.S. A New Genus and Species of the Family Hypogastruridae (Collembola) from Skelskaya Cave in the Crimea Вестник зоологии |
| description |
Taurogastrura skelica gen. et sp. n. of the family Hypogastruridae from Skelskaya Cave in the Crimean Mountains is described. The new genus belongs to the “hypogastrurian” lineage of genera with reduced number of ommatidia. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Vargovitsh, R.S. |
| author_facet |
Vargovitsh, R.S. |
| author_sort |
Vargovitsh, R.S. |
| title |
A New Genus and Species of the Family Hypogastruridae (Collembola) from Skelskaya Cave in the Crimea |
| title_short |
A New Genus and Species of the Family Hypogastruridae (Collembola) from Skelskaya Cave in the Crimea |
| title_full |
A New Genus and Species of the Family Hypogastruridae (Collembola) from Skelskaya Cave in the Crimea |
| title_fullStr |
A New Genus and Species of the Family Hypogastruridae (Collembola) from Skelskaya Cave in the Crimea |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A New Genus and Species of the Family Hypogastruridae (Collembola) from Skelskaya Cave in the Crimea |
| title_sort |
new genus and species of the family hypogastruridae (collembola) from skelskaya cave in the crimea |
| publisher |
Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
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2007 |
| topic_facet |
Фауна и систематика |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/64936 |
| citation_txt |
A New Genus and Species of the Family Hypogastruridae (Collembola) from Skelskaya Cave in the Crimea / R.S. Vargovitsh // Вестник зоологии. — 2007. — Т. 41, № 1. — С. 29–34. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Вестник зоологии |
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AT vargovitshrs anewgenusandspeciesofthefamilyhypogastruridaecollembolafromskelskayacaveinthecrimea AT vargovitshrs newgenusandspeciesofthefamilyhypogastruridaecollembolafromskelskayacaveinthecrimea |
| first_indexed |
2025-07-05T15:28:45Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-07-05T15:28:45Z |
| _version_ |
1836821329948442624 |
| fulltext |
UDC 595.713(447.8)
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE FAMILY
HYPOGASTRURIDAE (COLLEMBOLA)
FROM SKELSKAYA CAVE IN THE CRIMEA
R. S. Vargovitsh
Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine,
Bogdan Chmielnicky str., 15, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
E-mail: arete@izan.kiev.ua
Accepted 25 October 2006
A New Genus and Species of the Family Hypogastruridae (Collembola) from Skelskaya Cave in the
Crimea. Vargovitsh R. S. — Taurogastrura skelica gen. et sp. n. of the family Hypogastruridae from
Skelskaya Cave in the Crimean Mountains is described. The new genus belongs to the “hypogastrurian”
lineage of genera with reduced number of ommatidia.
Ke y wo r d s: Collembola, Hypogastruridae, new genus, new species, cave, Crimea, Ukraine.
Íîâûé ðîä è âèä ñåìåéñòâà Hypogastruridae (Collembola) èç Ñêåëüñêîé ïåùåðû â Êðûìó. Âàðãî-
âè÷ Ð. Ñ. — Îïèñàí íîâûé ðîä è âèä íîãîõâîñòîê ñåìåéñòâà Hypogastruridae èç Ñêåëüñêîé
ïåùåðû â Êðûìó. Íîâûé ðîä ïðèíàäëåæèò ê «ãèïîãàñòðóðíîé» ëèíèè ðîäîâ ñ ðåäóöèðîâàííûì
êîëè÷åñòâîì ãëàçêîâ.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: íîãîõâîñòêè, Hypogastruridae, íîâûé ðîä, íîâûé âèä, ïåùåðà, Êðûì,
Óêðàèíà.
Introduction
Crimean speleofauna and especially collembolan cave fauna is still insufficiently known. At the
beginning of the 20th century a troglobite Oncopodura hamata Carl et Lebedinsky, 1905 and recently two
troglophile species of the genera Ceratophysella Bo�rner, 1932 and Micraphorura Bagnall, 1949 (Skarz
�
yn´ski et
al., 2001; Kaprus’ et al., 2002) were described from this area. The subject of present paper is another new
collembolan, this time from Skelskaya Cave located on the branch of the Aj-Petri Massif (670 m a. s. l.) in
the south-western part of the Crimean Mountains.
There are forty genera of the family Hypogastruridae recognized currently. Among them Thibaud et al.
(2004) distinguished 23 genera with less than 8+8 ommatidia, which were grouped in 3 lineages:
“hypogastrurian”, “ceratophysellan” and “xenyllian”. For our purposes, in connection with the species
described below, here we consider only genera of these groups, which possess postantennal organ, empodial
appendages, furca and two anal spines.
The ceratophysellan lineage (genera Ceratophysella, Schaefferia Absolon, 1900, Typhlogastrura Bonet,
1930 and Bonetogastrura Thibaud, 1975) includes genera with well-marked differentiation of micro- and
macrochaetae and relatively long anal spines. Besides, these genera are characterized by the absence of the
seta m2 on mesothorax and presence of only 2 dorsolateral sensilla around microsensillum of the fourth
antennal segment (Babenko et al., 1994; Thibaud, 1972, 1980)1.
Close to the genus Hypogastrura Bourlet, 1839 (“hypogastrurian” lineage) are Orogastrura Deharveng
et Gers, 1979 and Mesachorutes Absolon, 1900 with weakly or non-differentiated dorsal setae and short anal
spines. Presence of the seta m2 on the mesothorax and 3 dorsolateral sensilla on the fourth antennal segment
is common in these genera.
The status of species described here is in line with the “hypogastrurian” pattern; it seems to be related
to the genera Hypogastrura, Orogastrura and Mesachorutes. This placement is supported by the following
characters found in the new species: presence of the seta m2 on mesotorax, presence of the weakly knobbed
tibiotarsal seta, number of the dorsolateral sensilla on the fourth antennal segment, relatively short anal spines
and narrowed mucronal tip. However, the differentiation of dorsal setae and the presence of the basal lamella
Vestnik zoologii, 41(1): 29–34, 2007
© R. S. Vargovitsh, 2007
1 Ceratophysella bengtssoni A
�
gren, 1904 does not fit this pattern, probably its taxonomic status should
be revised.
on empodium distinctly separate the described species from the species of the related genera with reduced
number of ommatidia (Orogastrura and Mesachorutes) (table 1). It is also obvious that if the “ommatidia-
number” and “pigmentation” characters are ignored, the new species should be included in the genus
Hypogastrura. It is natural to suggest that the species described below was derived from an epigean
Hypogastrura, which regressively evolved into the blind and unpigmented form in the cave environment.
Nevertheless, current systematics of the family excludes all the “hypogastra-like” species with reduced
number of ommatidia from Hypogastrura into several separate genera (Thibaud et al., 2004). Diagnosis of the
genus Hypogastrura formally does not allow including eyeless species in it. I could not therefore assign
peremptory the new species to any of existing genera and a new genus is established for this single species.
Taurogastrura Vargovitsh gen. n.
Type s p e c i e s: Taurogastrura skelica Vargovitsh sp. n.
D i f f e r e n t i a l d i a g no s i s. Blind unpigmented Hypogastruridae with the follow-
ing set of characters: somewhat differentiated chaetom, presence of m2 seta on
mesothorax, slightly knobbed tibiotarsal seta (knob sometimes absent), empodial
appendages with basal lamella, fourth antennal segment with 3 dorsolateral sensilla
around microsensillum, mucro without broad lateral lamella and with narrow tip. It is
similar to Hypogastrura differing by the absence of ommatidia and pigmentation. It dif-
fers from other related genera (Mesachorutes and Orogastrura) by the presence of basal
lamella on empodia, complete absence of ommatidia and differentiation of dorsal setae
(table 1).
E t ymo l o g y. Generic name reflects historical name of Crimea — Tauria.
Taurogastrura skelica Vargovitsh sp. n. (fig. 1–3)
Ma t e r i a l e x am in ed. Holotype }, 1.5 mm, Ukraine, Crimea, Aj-Petri Massif, 14.08.1998
(Vargovitsh), Skelskaya Cave (type locality) (Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Kyiv). Paratypes: 3 { and
4 }, collected together with the holotype (Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Kyiv).
De s c r i p t i o n. Body length 1.1–1.5 mm in females and 0.8–0.9 mm in males.
Colour light-whitish in alcohol, without traces of pigmentation on eyes fields.
Ommatidia absent. Granulation rather coarse with about 8 granules between setae p1
on the fifth abdominal tergum. Body setae differentiated, although not strongly (more
distinctly in young specimens). Dorsal setae, especially macrochaetae, slightly serrated.
Dorsal sensilla smooth, relatively long, somewhat longer than macrochaetae. Ventrally
thoracal segments without setae. Head: antenna ratio 1 : 0.7.
Head. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in fig. 1, 1 and 1, 2. Eyes field consists of 3 (rarely
asymmetrically 2) setae. Postantennal organ 4-lobed, anterior pair of lobes larger than
posterior pair (fig. 2, 3), accessory boss absent. Mandible with molar plate and 4–5 api-
cal denticles. Outer lobe of maxilla with simple palp and 2 sublobal hairs. Head of max-
illa as in fig. 2, 4. Labrum with 5, 5, 4 setae, apically with 6 blunt tubercles. Prelabral
setae — 4, frontoclypeal — 4. Labial palp as in Hypogastrura, Ceratophysella and relat-
ed genera (Fjellberg, 1999) with 5 main papillae, 14 guard setae, 3 hypostomal setae
and 6 proximal setae with sockets at their bases (fig. 2, 5).
30 R. S. Vargovitsh
Ommatidia per side 8 2 (3) 5–7 0
Pigmentation + – (except ocular
area)
+ –
Differentiation of dorsal setae – or + – – +
Basal lamella on empodia + or — – – +
Shape of mucro various shapes straight, pointed reduced or absent straight, pointed
Teeth on tenaculum (per side) 3–4 5 (4) 3 3
Ta b l e 1. Main differences between genus Taurogastrura gen. n. and related genera
Ò à á ëèö à 1. Îñíîâûå ðàçëè÷èÿ ìåæäó ðîäîì Taurogastrura gen. n. è áëèçêèìè ðîäàìè
Character Hypogastrura Mesachorutes Orogastrura Taurogastrura gen. n.
31A New Genus and Species of the Family Hypogastruridae…
Fig. 1. Taurogastrura skelica: 1 — dorsal chaetotaxy of subadult female (1 mm); 2 — dorsal chaetotaxy of the
largest adult female (1.5 mm).
Ðèñ. 1. Taurogastrura skelica: 1 — äîðñàëüíàÿ õåòîòàêñèÿ íåïîëîâîçðåëîé ñàìêè (1 ìì); 2 — äîðñàëüíàÿ
õåòîòàêñèÿ íàèáîëåå êðóïíîé âçðîñëîé ñàìêè (1,5 ìì).
Antenna (fig. 2, 1). Ant. I with 7 setae. Ant. II with 12 setae. Ant. III with 19 se-
tae, antennal III-organ (two long and between them two short sensilla) and ventro-
external microsensillum. Ant IV with 4 slightly thickened sensilla (3 — dorsolateral and
1 — dorsointernal), microsensillum, subapical organite and simple globular apical vesi-
cle. Ventral chaetotaxy as in fig. 2, 2.
Dorsal chaetotaxy of body (fig. 1, 1 and 1, 2): Prothorax: 3+3 (4+3; 3+2) setae
present, the most lateral seta — macrochaeta (sometimes — mesochaeta). Mesothorax:
a-row: a1-a6 present, a2 and a3 somewhat longer than a1 and subequal to each other
32 R. S. Vargovitsh
Fig. 2. Taurogastrura skelica: 1 — antenna, dorsal view; 2 — Ant. IV and apex of Ant. III, ventral view; 3 —
postantennal organ; 4 — head of maxilla; 5 — labial palp (labeling after: Fjellberg, 1999).
Ðèñ. 2. Taurogastrura skelica: 1 — óñèê, âèä ñ äîðñàëüíîé ñòîðîíû; 2 — ÷åòâåðòûé è àïèêàëüíàÿ ÷àñòü
òðåòüåãî ÷ëåíèêà óñèêà, âèä ñ âåíòðàëüíîé ñòîðîíû; 3 — ïîñòàíòåííàëüíûé îðãàí; 4 — ãîëîâêà
ìàêñèëëû; 5 — ëàáèàëüíàÿ ïàëüïà (îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ïî: Fjellberg, 1999).
(sometimes a3 slightly longer); m-row: m1-m5 and m7 (after Fjellberg, 1998 — m6) pre-
sent, m4 located lower than m-row level, m5 — macrochaeta; p-row: p1-p6 present,
macrochaeta p2 only slightly outgoing from p-row line (very rarely asymmetrically dis-
tinctly exserted), p4 — lash-like or strait sensilla — subequal or longer than
macrochaetae, p5 and p6 — meso- or macrochaetae. Lateral microsensillum on
mesothorax present. Metathorax: a-row: a1-a6 present, à1 located higher than à2, à5 —
macro- or mesochaeta; m-row: setae m1, m3, m5 (macrochaeta) and m7 (long sensilla)
present; p-row: as on mesothorax, sometimes p2 — mesochaeta not much longer than
p1. Abdominal segment I: a-row: a1-a2 and a4-a6 (or a3-a5 after: Fjellberg, 1998) pre-
sent, a6 — larger than other setae of the row (meso- or macrochaeta); m-row: m3-m4
(after: Fjellberg, 1998) and m7 present; p-row: p1-p7 present, p2 and p7 — macrochaetae,
p5 — long sensilla (usually longer than macrochaetae). Abdominal segments II and III:
in general, chaetotaxy resembles such on abdominal segment I; p4 and p6 often look
like mesochaetae. Abdominal segment IV: a-row: as on previous abdominal segments —
5 setae present but generally they are larger: à2 often looks as mesochaeta, a5 — meso-
or macrochaeta, a6 — large macrochaeta; m-row: in the most complete case setae m1-
m5 present, even additional setae between rows m and p can be observed, however in
large adult specimens some setae often omitted (often asymmetrically); p-row: com-
plete (p1-p7), p1 — meso- or even macrochaeta only slightly shorter or almost equal to
p2, p4 — macrochaeta comparable with p2 (or p1), p5 — long sensilla, p6 — the largest
33A New Genus and Species of the Family Hypogastruridae…
Fig. 3. Taurogastrura skelica: 1 — anal spine with basal papilla; 2 — chaetotaxy of ventral tube; 3 — furca
and tenaculum; 4 — tibiotarsus and foot complex of leg III.
Ðèñ. 3. Taurogastrura skelica: 1 — àíàëüíûé øèï ñ áàçàëüíîé ïàïèëëîé; 2 — õåòîòàêñèÿ âåíòðàëüíîé
òðóáêè; 3 — ïðûãàòåëüíàÿ âèëêà è çàöåïêà; 4 — òèáèîòàðñóñ è äèñòàëüíûé êîìïëåêñ çàäíåé íîãè
(êîãîòîê è ýìïîäèé).
macrochaeta. Abdominal segment V: a-row: (a1-a5): a1, a2, a4 — macrochaetae, à2 shift-
ed into position of m-row; m-row: generally absent, but 1–2 setae on the row-line in
young specimen were observed; p-row: 6 setae: p1 and p5 — macrochaetae, p3 — long
sensilla. Abdominal segment VI: 2 rows of setae present. Anal spines somewhat curved
upward, relatively short — 2 times shorter than claw; basal papilla subequal to corre-
sponding anal spine (fig. 3, 1).
Tibiotarsi 1–3 with 19, 19, 18 setae respectively, one slightly knobbed seta present
(knob often unnoticed or absent). Claw with inner tooth. Empodial appendage with
broad basal lamella, slightly longer than half of inner edge of claw (fig. 3, 4).
Ventral tube with 4+4 setae (fig. 3, 2). Tenaculum with 3+3 teeth (fig. 3, 3). Furca
normally developed (fig. 3, 3). Dens with 5 (4–6) setae; subbasal macrochaeta some-
what shorter than dens. Mucro without lamella, apically pointed. Dens 2.7–3.5 as long
as mucro, and subequal or slightly shorter than claw of 3rd pair of legs (claw / dens =
1.04–1.13).
V a r i a b i l i t y. Dorsal chaetotaxy of head and body as well as dens chaetotaxy show
certain variability (often asymmetric) that can be seen from comparison of young spec-
imen (fig. 1, 1) with the most complete chaetotaxy and the largest adult female (fig. 1,
2) in which some setae, especially abdominal, are omitted. Knobbed seta on tibiotar-
sus apparently is rather variable — in many cases knob is very indistinct or not seen at
all. In one case 3 prelabral setae with one of them axial (instead of 4 without any axial)
were observed.
B i onomy. The specimens were collected in the dark zone of the cave from the
decaying wooden matter and from the water surface of small pools. The species is prob-
ably troglobite.
E t ymo l o g y. The species name is referred to the only place of finding —
Skelskaya Cave.
Rema r k s. Apart from the absence of pigmentation and ommatidia, Taurogastrura
skelica gen. n et sp. n. is comparable with some representatives of Hypogastrura “viati-
ca” group with somewhat differentiated dorsal setae, 3+3 teeth on tenaculum, normal
anal spines and with broad basal lamella on the empodial appendages (H. viatica
(Tullberg, 1872), H. barguzini Babenko, 1994 etc). The presence of several knobbed
tibiotarsal setae and mucro with broad lamella are among the characters, which quite
well differentiate those species from the new species.
I am greatly thankful to Volodimir Petriv (Uzhgorod) for his help during investigation of Skelskaya
Cave. Special thanks to Dr. Dariusz Skarz
�
yn´ski (Wroc/law) for reviewing the manuscript and essentially useful
comments.
Babenko A. B., Chernova N. M., Potapov M. B., Stebaeva S. K. [Áàáåíêî À. Á., Ïîòàïîâ Ì. Á., Ñòåáàå-
âà Ñ. Ê., ×åðíîâà Í. Ì.] Collembola of Russia and adjacent countries: Family Hypogastruridae
[Îïðåäåëèòåëü êîëëåìáîë ôàóíû Ðîññèè è ñîïðåäåëüíûõ ñòðàí: Ñåìåéñòâî Hypogastruridae]. —
Moskow : Nauka, 1994. — 336 p. — Russian.
Fjellberg A. The Collembola of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Part I: Poduromorpha. — Fauna Entomologica
Scandinavica, Vol. 35. — Leiden ; Boston ; Ko �ln : Brill, 1998. — 184 p.
Fjellberg A. The Labial Palp in Collembola // Zool. Anz. — 1999 [1998]. — 237. — P. 309–330.
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Onychiuridae) with description of three new species of Micraphorura Bagnall, 1949 // Annales
Zoologici. — 2002. — 52, N 3. — P. 353–357.
Skarz
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yn´ski D., Kaprus’ I., Shrubovych J. A new species of Ceratophysella Bo �rner, 1932 from Ukraine
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1972. — 27, fasc. 2. — P. 363–393.
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Collemboles) // Bull. Mus. natn. Hist nat. 4-e ser. — 1980. — 2, N 1 — P. 245–287.
Thibaud J.-M., Schulz H.-J., Gama M. M. da. Synopses on Palaearctic Collembola / Ed. W. Dunger, Vol. 4:
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34 R. S. Vargovitsh
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