Первые находки голубого краба Callinectes sapidus (Portunidae, Decapoda) в Азовском море
Сообщается о первых случаях поимки голубого краба, Callinectes sapidus Rathbum, 1896, в Азовском море. Представлена информация о современном распространении и экологических особенностях этого вида....
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Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України
2009
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irk-123456789-656442014-06-30T03:01:42Z Первые находки голубого краба Callinectes sapidus (Portunidae, Decapoda) в Азовском море Дирипаско, О.А. Изергин, Л.В. Кошкалда, А.И. Краткие сообщения Сообщается о первых случаях поимки голубого краба, Callinectes sapidus Rathbum, 1896, в Азовском море. Представлена информация о современном распространении и экологических особенностях этого вида. The first case of capture of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbum, 1896, in the Sea of Azov is reported. The information on modern distribution and ecology of this species is presented. 2009 Article Первые находки голубого краба Callinectes sapidus (Portunidae, Decapoda) в Азовском море / О.А. Дирипаско, Л.В. Изергин , А.И. Кошкалда // Вестник зоологии. — 2009. — Т. 43, № 6. — С. 529–532. — Бібліогр.: 19 назв. — рос. 0084-5604 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/65644 574.9(262.54) ru Вестник зоологии Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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DSpace DC |
| language |
Russian |
| topic |
Краткие сообщения Краткие сообщения |
| spellingShingle |
Краткие сообщения Краткие сообщения Дирипаско, О.А. Изергин, Л.В. Кошкалда, А.И. Первые находки голубого краба Callinectes sapidus (Portunidae, Decapoda) в Азовском море Вестник зоологии |
| description |
Сообщается о первых случаях поимки голубого краба, Callinectes sapidus Rathbum, 1896, в Азовском море. Представлена информация о современном распространении и экологических особенностях этого вида. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Дирипаско, О.А. Изергин, Л.В. Кошкалда, А.И. |
| author_facet |
Дирипаско, О.А. Изергин, Л.В. Кошкалда, А.И. |
| author_sort |
Дирипаско, О.А. |
| title |
Первые находки голубого краба Callinectes sapidus (Portunidae, Decapoda) в Азовском море |
| title_short |
Первые находки голубого краба Callinectes sapidus (Portunidae, Decapoda) в Азовском море |
| title_full |
Первые находки голубого краба Callinectes sapidus (Portunidae, Decapoda) в Азовском море |
| title_fullStr |
Первые находки голубого краба Callinectes sapidus (Portunidae, Decapoda) в Азовском море |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Первые находки голубого краба Callinectes sapidus (Portunidae, Decapoda) в Азовском море |
| title_sort |
первые находки голубого краба callinectes sapidus (portunidae, decapoda) в азовском море |
| publisher |
Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| publishDate |
2009 |
| topic_facet |
Краткие сообщения |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/65644 |
| citation_txt |
Первые находки голубого краба Callinectes sapidus (Portunidae, Decapoda) в Азовском море / О.А. Дирипаско, Л.В. Изергин , А.И. Кошкалда // Вестник зоологии. — 2009. — Т. 43, № 6. — С. 529–532. — Бібліогр.: 19 назв. — рос. |
| series |
Вестник зоологии |
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2025-07-05T16:03:25Z |
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2025-07-05T16:03:25Z |
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| fulltext |
ÓÄÊ 574.9(262.54)
ÏÅÐÂÛÅ ÍÀÕÎÄÊÈ ÃÎËÓÁÎÃÎ ÊÐÀÁÀ,
CALLINECTES SAPIDUS (PORTUNIDAE, DECAPODA),
 ÀÇÎÂÑÊÎÌ ÌÎÐÅ
Î. À. Äèðèïàñêî, Ë. Â. Èçåðãèí, À. È. Êîøêàëäà
Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîå ïðåäïðèÿòèå «Àçîâñêèé öåíòð ÞãÍÈÐλ
óë. Êîììóíàðîâ, 8, Áåðäÿíñê, Çàïîðîæñêàÿ îáë., 71118 Óêðàèíà
E-mail: daoleg@gobius.com
Ïðèíÿòî 7 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2009
Ïåðâûå íàõîäêè ãîëóáîãî êðàáà, Callinectes sapidus (Portunidae, Decapoda), â Àçîâñêîì ìîðå.
Äèðèïàñêî Î. À., Èçåðãèí Ë. Â., Êîøêàëäà À. È. — Ñîîáùàåòñÿ î ïåðâûõ ñëó÷àÿõ ïîèìêè
ãîëóáîãî êðàáà, Callinectes sapidus Rathbum, 1896, â Àçîâñêîì ìîðå. Ïðåäñòàâëåíà èíôîðìàöèÿ î
ñîâðåìåííîì ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè è ýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ îñîáåííîñòÿõ ýòîãî âèäà.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: ãîëóáîé êðàá, ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå, Åâðîïà, Àçîâñêîå ìîðå.
The First Finds of Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus (Portunidae, Decapoda), in Sea of Azov. Diripasko O. A.,
Izergin L. V., Koshkalda A. I. — The first case of capture of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbum,
1896, in the Sea of Azov is reported. The information on modern distribution and ecology of this species
is presented.
Ke y wo r d s: blue crab, distribution, Europe, Sea of Azov.
 ðåçóëüòàòå èíòåíñèâíîãî ðàçâèòèÿ ïðîìûøëåííîñòè, ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà è ãëîáàëèçàöèè
ïðîöåññîâ ìèðîâîãî ðàçâèòèÿ â ïðîøëîì è íà÷àëå íûíåøíåãî ñòîëåòèé àíòðîïîãåííîå âëèÿíèå íà
ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå æèâîòíûõ (è ðàñòåíèé) ïðèîáðåëî êðóïíîìàñøòàáíûé õàðàêòåð. Ñðåäè ìíîãî÷èñëåííûõ
ïðè÷èí, ñïîñîáñòâóþùèõ ðàññåëåíèþ ÷óæåðîäíûõ âèäîâ æèâîòíûõ, îñîáåííî â ìîðñêèõ âîäîåìàõ ñ
ðàçâèòûì ñóäîõîäñòâîì, ê êîòîðûì îòíîñèòñÿ è Àçîâî-×åðíîìîðñêèé áàññåéí, îäíîé èç íàèáîëåå
âàæíûõ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñëó÷àéíûé çàíîñ ñ áàëëàñòíûìè âîäàìè. Òàê ïî äàííûì Þ. Ï. Çàéöåâà (Zaitsev, 2001),
â ×åðíîì ìîðå èçâåñòíî íå ìåíåå 40 âèäîâ ðàñòåíèé è æèâîòíûõ, ñëó÷àéíî çàâåçåííûõ ñóäàìè. Èç
ñðàâíèòåëüíî íåäàâíèõ (1998 ã.) ýêçîòè÷åñêèõ âñåëåíöåâ, ïîïàâøèõ ñ áàëëàñòíûìè âîäàìè ñóäîâ â
×åðíîå è Àçîâñêîå ìîðÿ, ìîæíî óïîìÿíóòü êèòàéñêîãî êðàáà Eriocheir sinensis Milne-Edwards, 1854
(Ìóðèíà, Àíòîíîâñêèé, 2001). Êàê âèäèì, ïðîáëåìà ïðîíèêíîâåíèÿ ÷óæåðîäíûõ âèäîâ æèâîòíûõ ñ
áàëëàñòíûìè âîäàìè ñóäîâ äëÿ Àçîâî-×åðíîìîðñêîãî áàññåéíà îñîáî àêòóàëüíà è òðåáóåò ïîñòîÿííîãî
âíèìàíèÿ: è â ïëàíå èíôîðìàöèè î ïîÿâëåíèè íîâûõ âèäîâ, è â ïðîãíîçå âîçìîæíûõ ïîñëåäñòâèé òàêèõ
ðàññåëåíèé.
Ïåðâàÿ, äîñòîâåðíî èçâåñòíàÿ íàì íàõîäêà ãîëóáîãî êðàáà Callinectes sapidus
Rathbum, 1896 â Àçîâñêîì ìîðå ìîæåò áûòü äàòèðîâàíà ñåíòÿáðåì 2006 ã.
Ïîéìàííàÿ áåðäÿíñêèìè ðûáàêàìè îñîáü êðàáà áûëà ïåðåäàíà â ãîðîäñêîé
çîîìàãàçèí «Êàêàäó» è ïîìåùåíà â àêâàðèóì âûñòàâî÷íîãî çàëà, î ÷åì ñîîáùàëà
ìåñòíàÿ ãàçåòà «Ï³âäåííà Çîðÿ» (¹ 161 îò 25 îêòÿáðÿ 2006 ã.). Òàì ìû è íàáëþäàëè
ïåðâûé ýêçåìïëÿð ãîëóáîãî êðàáà âûëîâëåííîãî â Àçîâñêîì ìîðå.
 íà÷àëå îêòÿáðÿ 2007 ã., ïðè âûïîëíåíèè íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ ðàáîò
â þæíîé ÷àñòè Àçîâñêîãî ìîðÿ â êîîðäèíàòàõ: = 45°35' N, = 37°07' E (îêîëî
20 ìèëü íà ñåâåðî-âîñòîê îò Êåð÷åíñêîãî ïðîëèâà), â òðàëîâîì óëîâå áûë
îáíàðóæåí ãîëóáîé êðàá. Ýòî âçðîñëûé ñàìåö, èìåþùèé ñëåäóþùèå ðàçìåðû: äëèíà
êàðàïàêñà (CL) — 7,5 ñì, øèðèíà êàðàïàêñà áåç øèïîâ (CW) — 15 ñì (ðèñ. 1).
Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü èçâåñòíû äâå äîñòîâåðíûå íàõîäêè
ýòîãî íîâîãî äëÿ àçîâñêîé ôàóíû âèäà ðàêîîáðàçíûõ. Ïðèíèìàÿ âî âíèìàíèå â
Vestnik zoologii, 43(6): 529–532, 2009
îïðåäåëåííîé ñòåïåíè ýêçîòè÷åñêèé õàðàêòåð íàõîäîê ýòîãî âèäà æèâîòíûõ â
âîäàõ Óêðàèíû, ñ÷èòàåì íåîáõîäèìûì ïðèâåñòè èíôîðìàöèþ ïî ýêîëîãèè è
èñòîðèè ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ãîëóáîãî êðàáà.
Åñòåñòâåííûé àðåàë êðàáà C. sapidus îõâàòûâàåò âîäû Çàïàäíîé Àòëàíòèêè îò
Íîâîé Øîòëàíäèè äî Àðãåíòèíû, âêëþ÷àÿ Áåðìóäñêèå è Àíòèëüñêèå îñòðîâà
(Eldredge, 1995). Áóêâàëüíî ñ ñàìîãî íà÷àëà ÕÕ ñò., â ðåçóëüòàòå èíòåíñèâíîãî
ðàçâèòèÿ ñóäîõîäñòâà, ãîëóáîé êðàá ñòàë ïîÿâëÿòüñÿ â ðàçíûõ ìåñòàõ äàëåêî çà
ïðåäåëàìè ñâîåãî åñòåñòâåííîãî àðåàëà.
 Åâðîïå, âïåðâûå ýòîò âèä áûë îòìå÷åí ó áåðåãîâ Ôðàíöèè â 1900 ã. (Gennaio
et al., 2006). Ïîçæå — â Ñåâåðíîì ìîðå: Íèäåðëàíäû, Ãåðìàíèÿ Áåëüãèÿ (Eldredge,
1995; Gollasch, Nehring, 2006; Kerckhof et al., 2007). Â 1951 ã. îáíàðóæåí â
Áàëòèéñêîì ìîðå (Leppa �koski, Olenin, 2000; Jensen, Knudsen, 2005). Â 2004 ã.
îáíàðóæåí ó ñåâåðíîãî ïîáåðåæüÿ Èñïàíèè â Áèñêàéñêîì çàëèâå (Cabal et al., 2006).
 ñåðåäèíå ïðîøëîãî ñòîëåòèÿ ãîëóáîé êðàá ïîÿâèëñÿ â Ñðåäèçåìíîì ìîðå; îí óæå
èçâåñòåí ó áåðåãîâ Èçðàèëÿ, Åãèïòà, Ëèâàíà, Òóðöèè, Ãðåöèè, Èòàëèè (Holthuis,
1987; Mizzan, 1999; Gennaio et al., 2006).  1967 ã. ïðîíèê â ×åðíîå ìîðå (Øàäðèí,
2000), ãäå ê íàñòîÿùåìó âðåìåíè îáíàðóæåí â âîäàõ Áîëãàðèè, Ðóìûíèè è
Óêðàèíû (ðàéîí Êåð÷åíñêîãî ïðîëèâà) (Black Sea Biological Diversity. Bulgaria…,
1998; Black Sea Biological Diversity. Ukraine…, 1998; Bashtannyy et al., 2002). Â
öåëîì ñ ó÷åòîì ïðèâåäåííûõ ìåñò ïîñëåäíèõ íàõîäîê, ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå ãîëóáîãî
êðàáà â âîäàõ Åâðîïû ïðåäñòàâëåíî íà ðèñóíêå 2. Íåîáõîäèìî çàìåòèòü, ÷òî, êðîìå
Åâðîïû, ãîëóáîé êðàá ïðîíèê â âîäû ßïîíèè (ñåðåäèíà 70-õ ãã. ÕÕ ñò.), à â 1992 ã.
çàðåãèñòðèðîâàí ó Ãàâàéñêèõ îñòðîâîâ (Eldredge, 1995).
Ãîëóáîé êðàá (ðèñ. 1) èìååò øèðîêèé êàðàïàêñ ñ äâóìÿ âûñòóïàþùèìè
òðåóãîëüíûìè øèïàìè ñïåðåäè. Ñïèííàÿ ïîâåðõíîñòü øåðîõîâàòàÿ. Ïåðåäíèé
áîêîâîé êðàé âîîðóæåí äåâÿòüþ øèïàìè, èç êîòîðûõ çàäíèé øèï ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñàìûì
äëèííûì è îñòðûì è íàïðàâëåí íàðóæó. Êëåøíè ìîùíûå, äëèííåå õîäèëüíûõ íîã.
Merus âîîðóæåí òðåìÿ êðåïêèìè øèïàìè ïî âíóòðåííåìó êðàþ è îäíèì âíåøíèì
ñóáäèñòàëüíûì øèïîì. Õîäèëüíûå íîãè ñæàòû. Ó ïÿòîé ïàðû íîã äèñòàëüíûé
÷ëåíèê èìååò âåñëîïîäîáíóþ ôîðìó. Êðîìå ôîðìû àáäîìåíà, ñàìöû îò ñàìîê
õîðîøî îòëè÷àþòñÿ îêðàñêîé êëåøíåé: ó ñàìöîâ êëåøíè ãîëóáîãî öâåòà, à ó
ïîëîâîçðåëûõ ñàìîê — êðàñíîãî (Holthuis, 1987).
Æèçíåííûé öèêë ãîëóáîãî êðàáà äîâîëüíî ñëîæíûé è ïðîòåêàåò â óñëîâèÿõ
ðàçíûõ óðîâíåé ñîëåíîñòè âîäû (áîëåå ïîäðîáíàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ ïî áèîëîãèè
ãîëóáîãî êðàáà ïðèâåäåíà â ðàáîòå Þ. Í. Ìàêàðîâà (2004), à òàêæå äîñòóïíà íà
530 Î. À. Äèðèïàñêî, Ë. Â. Èçåðãèí, À. È. Êîøêàëäà
Ðèñ 1. Ãîëóáîé êðàá Callinectes sapidus èç Àçîâñêîãî ìîðÿ: a — âèä ñî ñïèííîé ñòîðîíû; b — âèä ñ
áðþøíîé ñòîðîíû.
Fig.1. Blue crab Callinectes sapidus from Sea of Azov: a — a view from the back side; b — a view from the
venter side.
à á
ñàéòå http://www.bluecrab.info). Ñïàðèâàíèå ïðîèñõîäèò â âåðõíèõ ó÷àñòêàõ ýñòóàðèåâ
ñ îòíîñèòåëüíî íèçêîé ñîëåíîñòüþ, ïîñëå ÷åãî ñàìêè ìèãðèðóþò âíèç ýñòóàðèåâ
è ê áåðåãîâîé çîíå îêåàíà ñ áîëåå âûñîêîé ñîëåíîñòüþ âîäû. Ìíîãî÷èñëåííûå
ìåëêèå èêðèíêè, ïðèêðåïëåííûå ïîä àáäîìåíîì ñàìêè, ðàçâèâàþòñÿ â òå÷åíèå
ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî äâóõíåäåëüíîãî ïåðèîäà. Ïîñëå ýòîãî íàñòóïàåò áîëåå
ïðîäîëæèòåëüíûé (îò îäíîãî äî ïî÷òè ïîëóòîðà ìåñÿöåâ) ëè÷èíî÷íûé ïåðèîä
ðàçâèòèÿ. Âûêëþíóâøèåñÿ ëè÷èíêè òå÷åíèÿ ðàçíîñÿò íà çíà÷èòåëüíûå ðàññòîÿíèÿ
îò áåðåãà (Whitaker, 2005; Gennaio et al., 2006).
Èìåííî áîëüøàÿ äëèòåëüíîñòü ëè÷èíî÷íîé ñòàäèè çíà÷èòåëüíî îáëåã÷àåò
òðàíñïîðòèðîâêó êðàáà â áàëëàñòíûõ âîäàõ ñóäîâ, ÷òî è ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðè÷èíîé åãî
ìàñøòàáíîãî ðàññåëåíèÿ çà ïðåäåëàìè åñòåñòâåííîãî àðåàëà. À ñïîñîáíîñòü
âçðîñëûõ îñîáåé õîðîøî ïëàâàòü, ìîæåò ñóùåñòâåííûì îáðàçîì ñïîñîáñòâîâàòü
ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ âèäà â íîâûõ àêâàòîðèÿõ.
Ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå ïîñëåäñòâèÿ âñåëåíèÿ êðàáîâ â ×åðíîå ìîðå íå èçó÷åíû
(Øàäðèí, 2000). Îäíàêî ôàêò ïðîíèêíîâåíèÿ ãîëóáîãî êðàáà è â Àçîâñêîå ìîðå
äàåò îñíîâàíèå ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî ïðè îïðåäåëåííîì ñòå÷åíèè îáñòîÿòåëüñòâ,
âïîëíå âåðîÿòíà âîçìîæíîñòü íàòóðàëèçàöèè ýòîãî âèäà â Àçîâî-×åðíîìîðñêîì
áàññåéíå. Êàê èçâåñòíî (Çåíêåâè÷, 1963; Ãèäðîìåòåîðîëîãèÿ…, 1991), Àçîâñêîå ìîðå
ìîæíî ðàññìàòðèâàòü êàê ïðèäàòî÷íûé âîäîåì ×åðíîãî ìîðÿ è/èëè îáøèðíûé
ñëàáîñîëåíûé ëèìàí Äîíà (ò. å. çîíó ñìåøåíèÿ ðå÷íûõ è ÷åðíîìîðñêèõ âîä), äëÿ
êîòîðîãî õàðàêòåðíà áîëüøàÿ ïðîñòðàíñòâåííàÿ èçìåí÷èâîñòü ñîëåíîñòè, ÷òî
ìîæåò îáóñëîâèòü ñîçäàíèå áëàãîïðèÿòíûõ óñëîâèé äëÿ ðåàëèçàöèè åñòåñòâåííîãî
âîñïðîèçâîäñòâà ýòîãî âèäà â óñëîâèÿõ Àçîâî-×åðíîìîðñêîãî áàññåéíà.
Ïîêà ñòàòüÿ ãîòîâèëàñü ê ïå÷àòè.  ñåíòÿáðå 2008 ã. â ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè Àçîâñêîãî
ìîðÿ (ðàéîí ïîñ. Ñåäîâî Íîâîàçîâñêîãî ð-íà Äîíåöêîé îáë.) íà ðàñòîÿíèè äî 1 êì
531Ïåðâûå íàõîäêè ãîëóáîãî êðàáà Callinectes sapidus…
Ðèñ. 2. Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå ãîëóáîãî êðàáà Callinectes sapidus â âîäàõ Åâðîïû.
Fig. 2. Distribution of blue crab Callinectes sapidus in waters of the Europe.
îò áåðåãà áûë âûëîâëåí åùå îäèí ýêçåìïëÿð ãîëóáîãî êðàáà — ñàìêà, èìåþùàÿ
ñëåäóþùèå ðàçìåðû: äëèíà êàðàïàêñà (CL) — 7,3 ñì, øèðèíà êàðàïàêñà áåç
øèïîâ (CW) — 14 ñì.
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/OmitPlacedPDF false
/SimulateOverprint /Legacy
>>
<<
/AddBleedMarks false
/AddColorBars false
/AddCropMarks false
/AddPageInfo false
/AddRegMarks false
/ConvertColors /ConvertToCMYK
/DestinationProfileName ()
/DestinationProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
/Downsample16BitImages true
/FlattenerPreset <<
/PresetSelector /MediumResolution
>>
/FormElements false
/GenerateStructure false
/IncludeBookmarks false
/IncludeHyperlinks false
/IncludeInteractive false
/IncludeLayers false
/IncludeProfiles false
/MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(CreativeSuite)
(2.0)
]
/PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
/PreserveEditing true
/UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged
/UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
/UseDocumentBleed false
>>
]
>> setdistillerparams
<<
/HWResolution [2400 2400]
/PageSize [612.000 792.000]
>> setpagedevice
|