The prestigious maize inbred lines and hybrids with erect top leaves are characterised by a property of an efficient photosynthetic model and a satisfactory base for the further progress in breeding and selection
This study conforms the hypothesis that elite maize inbred lines with erect top leaves and hybrids, in which they are included as parents, have a dominant property of an efficient photosynthetic-fluorescence model and that as such are successfully used in breeding and modern production technology of...
Збережено в:
| Дата: | 2010 |
|---|---|
| Автори: | , , , , , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | English |
| Опубліковано: |
Iнститут фізіології рослин і генетики НАН України
2010
|
| Назва видання: | Физиология и биохимия культурных растений |
| Онлайн доступ: | http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/66287 |
| Теги: |
Додати тег
Немає тегів, Будьте першим, хто поставить тег для цього запису!
|
| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | The prestigious maize inbred lines and hybrids with erect top leaves are characterised by a property of an efficient photosynthetic model and a satisfactory base for the further progress in breeding and selection / Č.N. Radenović, D.M. Grodzinskij, M.R. Filipović, M.M. Radosavljević, Ž.V. Videnović, M.P. Denić, Z.F. Čamdžija // Физиология и биохимия культурных растений. — 2010. — Т. 42, № 3. — С. 187-201. — Бібліогр.: 59 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| id |
irk-123456789-66287 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
irk-123456789-662872014-07-11T03:01:44Z The prestigious maize inbred lines and hybrids with erect top leaves are characterised by a property of an efficient photosynthetic model and a satisfactory base for the further progress in breeding and selection Radenović, Č.N. Grodzinskij, D.M. Filipović, M.R. Radosavljević, M.M. Videnović, Ž.V. Denić, M.P. Čamdžija, Z.F. This study conforms the hypothesis that elite maize inbred lines with erect top leaves and hybrids, in which they are included as parents, have a dominant property of an efficient photosynthetic-fluorescence model and that as such are successfully used in breeding and modern production technology of hybrid seed and commercial maize. У роботі підтверджено припущення про те, що елітні інбредні лінії кукурудзи з вертикально розташованими верхніми листками і гібриди, отримані на їхній основі, мають домінантну ознаку ефективного фотосинтетично-флуоресцентного типу і тому так успішно використовуються в селекції та сучасних технологіях виробництва гібридного насіння й товарної кукурудзи. В работе подтверждено предположение о том, что элитные инбредные линии кукурузы с вертикально расположенными верхними листьями и гибриды, полученные на их основе, имеют доминантный признак эффективного фотосинтетически-флуоресцентного типа и поэтому так успешно используются в селекции и в современных технологиях производства гибридных семян и товарной кукурузы. 2010 Article The prestigious maize inbred lines and hybrids with erect top leaves are characterised by a property of an efficient photosynthetic model and a satisfactory base for the further progress in breeding and selection / Č.N. Radenović, D.M. Grodzinskij, M.R. Filipović, M.M. Radosavljević, Ž.V. Videnović, M.P. Denić, Z.F. Čamdžija // Физиология и биохимия культурных растений. — 2010. — Т. 42, № 3. — С. 187-201. — Бібліогр.: 59 назв. — англ. 0522-9310 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/66287 577.33: 633.15 en Физиология и биохимия культурных растений Iнститут фізіології рослин і генетики НАН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| description |
This study conforms the hypothesis that elite maize inbred lines with erect top leaves and hybrids, in which they are included as parents, have a dominant property of an efficient photosynthetic-fluorescence model and that as such are successfully used in breeding and modern production technology of hybrid seed and commercial maize. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Radenović, Č.N. Grodzinskij, D.M. Filipović, M.R. Radosavljević, M.M. Videnović, Ž.V. Denić, M.P. Čamdžija, Z.F. |
| spellingShingle |
Radenović, Č.N. Grodzinskij, D.M. Filipović, M.R. Radosavljević, M.M. Videnović, Ž.V. Denić, M.P. Čamdžija, Z.F. The prestigious maize inbred lines and hybrids with erect top leaves are characterised by a property of an efficient photosynthetic model and a satisfactory base for the further progress in breeding and selection Физиология и биохимия культурных растений |
| author_facet |
Radenović, Č.N. Grodzinskij, D.M. Filipović, M.R. Radosavljević, M.M. Videnović, Ž.V. Denić, M.P. Čamdžija, Z.F. |
| author_sort |
Radenović, Č.N. |
| title |
The prestigious maize inbred lines and hybrids with erect top leaves are characterised by a property of an efficient photosynthetic model and a satisfactory base for the further progress in breeding and selection |
| title_short |
The prestigious maize inbred lines and hybrids with erect top leaves are characterised by a property of an efficient photosynthetic model and a satisfactory base for the further progress in breeding and selection |
| title_full |
The prestigious maize inbred lines and hybrids with erect top leaves are characterised by a property of an efficient photosynthetic model and a satisfactory base for the further progress in breeding and selection |
| title_fullStr |
The prestigious maize inbred lines and hybrids with erect top leaves are characterised by a property of an efficient photosynthetic model and a satisfactory base for the further progress in breeding and selection |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The prestigious maize inbred lines and hybrids with erect top leaves are characterised by a property of an efficient photosynthetic model and a satisfactory base for the further progress in breeding and selection |
| title_sort |
prestigious maize inbred lines and hybrids with erect top leaves are characterised by a property of an efficient photosynthetic model and a satisfactory base for the further progress in breeding and selection |
| publisher |
Iнститут фізіології рослин і генетики НАН України |
| publishDate |
2010 |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/66287 |
| citation_txt |
The prestigious maize inbred lines and hybrids with erect top leaves are characterised by a property of an efficient photosynthetic model and a satisfactory base for the further progress in breeding and selection / Č.N. Radenović, D.M. Grodzinskij, M.R. Filipović, M.M. Radosavljević, Ž.V. Videnović, M.P. Denić, Z.F. Čamdžija // Физиология и биохимия культурных растений. — 2010. — Т. 42, № 3. — С. 187-201. — Бібліогр.: 59 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Физиология и биохимия культурных растений |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT radenoviccn theprestigiousmaizeinbredlinesandhybridswitherecttopleavesarecharacterisedbyapropertyofanefficientphotosyntheticmodelandasatisfactorybaseforthefurtherprogressinbreedingandselection AT grodzinskijdm theprestigiousmaizeinbredlinesandhybridswitherecttopleavesarecharacterisedbyapropertyofanefficientphotosyntheticmodelandasatisfactorybaseforthefurtherprogressinbreedingandselection AT filipovicmr theprestigiousmaizeinbredlinesandhybridswitherecttopleavesarecharacterisedbyapropertyofanefficientphotosyntheticmodelandasatisfactorybaseforthefurtherprogressinbreedingandselection AT radosavljevicmm theprestigiousmaizeinbredlinesandhybridswitherecttopleavesarecharacterisedbyapropertyofanefficientphotosyntheticmodelandasatisfactorybaseforthefurtherprogressinbreedingandselection AT videnoviczv theprestigiousmaizeinbredlinesandhybridswitherecttopleavesarecharacterisedbyapropertyofanefficientphotosyntheticmodelandasatisfactorybaseforthefurtherprogressinbreedingandselection AT denicmp theprestigiousmaizeinbredlinesandhybridswitherecttopleavesarecharacterisedbyapropertyofanefficientphotosyntheticmodelandasatisfactorybaseforthefurtherprogressinbreedingandselection AT camdzijazf theprestigiousmaizeinbredlinesandhybridswitherecttopleavesarecharacterisedbyapropertyofanefficientphotosyntheticmodelandasatisfactorybaseforthefurtherprogressinbreedingandselection AT radenoviccn prestigiousmaizeinbredlinesandhybridswitherecttopleavesarecharacterisedbyapropertyofanefficientphotosyntheticmodelandasatisfactorybaseforthefurtherprogressinbreedingandselection AT grodzinskijdm prestigiousmaizeinbredlinesandhybridswitherecttopleavesarecharacterisedbyapropertyofanefficientphotosyntheticmodelandasatisfactorybaseforthefurtherprogressinbreedingandselection AT filipovicmr prestigiousmaizeinbredlinesandhybridswitherecttopleavesarecharacterisedbyapropertyofanefficientphotosyntheticmodelandasatisfactorybaseforthefurtherprogressinbreedingandselection AT radosavljevicmm prestigiousmaizeinbredlinesandhybridswitherecttopleavesarecharacterisedbyapropertyofanefficientphotosyntheticmodelandasatisfactorybaseforthefurtherprogressinbreedingandselection AT videnoviczv prestigiousmaizeinbredlinesandhybridswitherecttopleavesarecharacterisedbyapropertyofanefficientphotosyntheticmodelandasatisfactorybaseforthefurtherprogressinbreedingandselection AT denicmp prestigiousmaizeinbredlinesandhybridswitherecttopleavesarecharacterisedbyapropertyofanefficientphotosyntheticmodelandasatisfactorybaseforthefurtherprogressinbreedingandselection AT camdzijazf prestigiousmaizeinbredlinesandhybridswitherecttopleavesarecharacterisedbyapropertyofanefficientphotosyntheticmodelandasatisfactorybaseforthefurtherprogressinbreedingandselection |
| first_indexed |
2025-07-05T16:33:35Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-07-05T16:33:35Z |
| _version_ |
1836825408809467904 |
| fulltext |
УДК 577.33: 633.15
THE PRESTIGIOUS MAIZE INBRED LINES AND HYBRIDS WITH
ERECT TOP LEAVES ARE CHARACTERISED BY A PROPERTY OF AN
EFFICIENT PHOTOSYNTHETIC MODEL AND A SATISFACTORY
BASE FOR THE FURTHER PROGRESS IN BREEDING AND
SELECTION
.N. RADENOVIĆ1,2, D.M. GRODZINSKIJ3, M.R. FILIPOVIĆ1, M.M. RADOSAVLJEVIĆ1,
.V. VIDENOVIĆ1, M.P. DENIĆ1, Z.F. AMDIJA1
1Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje
1 Slobodana Bajica, Belgrade, 11185, Republic of Serbia
2Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade
16 Studentsky Trg, Belgrade, 11000, Republic of Serbia
3Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine
148 Acad. Zabolotnogo St., 03143 Kiev, Ukraine
This study conforms the hypothesis that elite maize inbred lines with erect top leaves
and hybrids, in which they are included as parents, have a dominant property of an effi-
cient photosynthetic-fluorescence model and that as such are successfully used in
breeding and modern production technology of hybrid seed and commercial maize. The
displayed results on the erect position of the top leaves, increased density, the dynam-
ics of grain dry-down during the maturation period, seed quality of hybrid and com-
mercial maize and photosynthetic and fluorescent parameters: the temperature depend-
ence of the delayed chlorophyll fluorescence intensity, the Arrhenius criterion for the
determination of critical temperatures (phase transition temperatures) and the activa-
tion energies, show that properties of observed inbreds and their maize hybrids are
based on positive effects and the nature of conformational and functional changes that
occur in their thylakoid membranes and other chemical structures of grain and leaf tis-
sues. The present study also encompasses analyses of other relevant breeding and seed
properties of observed prestigious maize inbred lines and maize hybrids derived from
them (dependence of their yields on the density, and quality of commercial maize over
the kernel structure and chemical parameters).
Key words: Zea mays L., inbred line, hybrid, top erect leaf, thylakoid membrane, pho-
tosynthetic and fluorescence model, delayed chlorophyll fluorescence.
In recent times, binding complex and interrelated research processes within the
field of fundamental sciences, multidisciplinary and applied sciences has
become the necessity. This study presents results obtained within the field of
breeding, photosynthesis, fluorescence, biophysical chemistry and the seed
production in the elite maize inbred lines with erect top leaves.
Maize breeding and the seed production have been intensively developed
during the last 60 years. As a result of such an activity, over 1,200 maize
hybrids for grain and silage have been developed. Contemporary technical and
technological prerequisites for conducting a modern process of breeding were
provided [10, 16, 11, 12, 20, 55, 56].
ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ И БИОХИМИЯ КУЛЬТ. РАСТЕНИЙ. 2010. Т. 42. № 3
© .N. RADENOVIĆ1,2, D.M. GRODZINSKIJ3, M.R. FILIPOVIĆ1, M.M. RADOSAVLJEVIĆ1, .V. VIDENOVIĆ1,
M.P. DENIĆ1, Z.F. AMDIJA1, 2010
187
Since 1978, the number of plants per area unit (plant density) has been
significantly increasing, which mostly affected the increase in grain yields of
both, maize hybrids and commercial maize [24, 25]. At the same time, a pro-
gramme on breeding and the seed production of maize hybrids with erect
leaves has been performed [4, 13, 34, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50]. It seems, accord-
ing to our hypothesis, that these observed maize inbred lines with erect leaves
are the closest to the assumptive photosynthetic fluorescence model [41].
The studies on maize photosynthesis carried out in the previous period
did not have a more important application in modern breeding and the maize
hybrid seed production. It was almost impossible to present a clear and direct
interrelationship between photosynthesis, breeding and the maize seed pro-
duction. Such a state is probably a result of the existence of several function-
al interrelations that unite conformational and dynamic changes within chloro-
plasts and their thylakoid membranes as well as the effects of numerous
environmental factors [4, 45, 48, 49, 50]. During the last 35 years, new and
important studies within the field of bioluminescence and fluorescence phe-
nomena and processes within the plant systems, including maize, have been
carried out [1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33,
35, 36, 37, 38, 39]. The direct dependence of the delayed chlorophyll fluores-
cence (DF) intensity on changes of photosynthetic processes in thylakoid
membranes of maize intact leaves was determined [36, 37, 39]. Conditions
which provided monitoring of complex photosynthetic processes in the maize
intact leaf over a photosynthetic and fluorescence response in the form of DF
were developed [6, 42, 43]. During the last 15 years a group of researches from
the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, have been developing a novel
semi-non-invasive photosynthetic-fluorescence method that functionally binds
processes of photosynthesis, fluorescence and maize breeding [4, 30, 44, 45,
46, 47].
Research methods within the field of biophysical chemistry and chemical
technology contributed to diversified connections of studies on photosynthetic
and transport processes in the thylakoid membrane and different chemical
structures of grain with processes of fluorescence spectroscopy, chemical kinet-
ics and dynamics of grain dry-down in the period of grain maturation [7, 36,
40, 48, 49, 50].
The objective of the present study was to prove that prestigious inbred
lines with erect top leaves and high-yielding maize hybrids, derived from them,
can be an efficient photosynthetic model, meaning that they can contribute to
the functional interrelation of breeding, photosynthesis, fluorescence and the
production of high-quality commercial maize.
Methods
Plant material. The studies were carried out with three elite maize inbred lines
with erect top leaves, ZPPL 16, ZPPL 218 and ZPPL 62, belonging to the col-
lection of the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje. The principal traits of
the stated inbreds are presented.
The inbred line ZPPL 16 was derived from the BSSS population and it
belongs to the FAO 700 maturity group. The kernel is classified as a dent type,
while the cob is pink. This inbred, as a female or a male component, is includ-
ed into the development of more than 20 maize hybrids. However, out of all
developed hybrids only hybrids ZP 578, ZP 677 and ZP 684 have a broad com-
mercial application.
188
.N. RADENOVIĆ, D.M. GRODZINSKIJ, M.R. FILIPOVIĆ ET AL.
Физиология и биохимия культ. растений. 2010. Т. 42. № 3
The inbred line ZPPL 218 belongs to the Lancaster heterotic group and
the FAO 650 maturity group. The kernel is classified as a dent type, while the
cob is red. This inbred line is included into the development of more than 10
maize hybrids, including the hybrid ZP 684.
The inbred line ZPPL 62 represents a BSSS heterotic group and belongs
to the FAO 350 maturity group. The kernel of this inbred line belongs to dent
type and the cob is red. This inbred line, as one of components, is included
into 20 hybrids. Actual appearance of maize inbred lines with erect top leaves
is given in Fig. 1.
The trait of the efficient photosynthetic model is a prestigious trait of the
observed inbreds and high yielding hybrids, as these inbreds and hybrids have
erect top leaves. Furthermore, these maize inbred lines and hybrids are char-
acterised by greater grain dry down rates in the maturation period, as well as,
by satisfactory tolerance to high and very high temperatures and drought.
There is a functional dependence between traits of hybrids with erect top leaves
and the plant density on their yield. The studies were carried out with the fol-
lowing densities (D, plants ha–1): D1 = 40,816, growing space (GS, cm2)
GS 70ќ35 cm, D2 = 50,125, GS 70ќ28.5 cm, D3 = 59,523, GS 70ќ24 cm,
D4 = 69,686, GS 70ќ20.5 cm, D5 = 79,365, GS 70ќ18 cm, D6 = 89,286,
GS 70ќ16 cm, D7 = 98,522, GS 70ќ14.5 cm.
189
PRESTIGIOUS MAIZE INBRED LINES AND HYBRIDS
Физиология и биохимия культ. растений. 2010. Т. 42. № 3
Fig. 1. Actual appearance of maize inbred
lines with erect leaves:
A — ZPPL 16; B — ZPPL 218; C — ZPPL 62
Overall studies of the stated inbred lines and selected maize hybrids
encompassed several series of experiments in which standard and other appro-
priate methodic (methodological) procedures were applied.
1. The measure of an angle and leaf area. The first series of experiments
was related to studying the erect position of top leaves. A specially designed
protractor was used to measure the angle between lines of the position of the
above-ear leaf and the position of the plant stalk of maize inbred lines. The
leaf area was measured using the portable area meter (model LI-3000).
Measures of the angle between the above-ear leaf and the stalk and the leaf
areas were carried out on 218 plants for each inbred line. These methodic pro-
cedures were described in previously published papers [4, 45, 47, 48].
2. Photosynthetic fluorescence measurements. The second series of the
experiments was related to photosynthetic-fluorescence measurements, includ-
ing thermal processes of delayed fluorescence (DF), critical phase transition
temperatures and activation energies. The test maize inbreds grown in the
experimental field of the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, were brought
to the laboratory during morning hours (between 7 a.m. and 8 a.m.). Plants
sampled in the field were transversally cut in the ground internode. In the
laboratory plants were internode lengthwise placed in distilled water. Prior to
the fluorescence experiment, the plants were kept under the black ball glass for
two hours. A segment of intact above ear leaves was taken from such plants
and placed into a chamber of the phosphoroscope. The intact leaf segments
were kept in the chamber (in the dark) for at least 15 minutes. These tests were
performed on 268 plants of each inbred line.
The improved non-invasive photosynthetic fluorescence method used to
measure DF is schematically presented in Fig. 2. This method, developed at
the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, have been improved several times.
Photosynthetic fluorescence measurements were performed after a method that
had been both, in principle and details, described in previous papers [4, 6, 30,
36, 37, 43, 44, 47, 48, 49, 50].
3. Dynamics of water status changes in grain. The third series of the exper-
iments was related to the water status and the dynamics of grain dry-down rate
in the maturation period, which was observed by the application of the ther-
mal method of oven-drying at 105 °C to the constant weight.
190
.N. RADENOVIĆ, D.M. GRODZINSKIJ, M.R. FILIPOVIĆ ET AL.
Физиология и биохимия культ. растений. 2010. Т. 42. № 3
Fig. 2. Experimental setup of the photosynthetic fluorescence method and the measuring equip-
ment for delayed chlorophyll fluorescence:
ELS — excitation light source; F — filters; ELB — excitation light beam; IS — input dark chamber slot; C —
dark chamber with a sample stand; s — sample (intact leaf segment); OS — output dark chamber slot; DF —
luminescent light (delayed fluorescence); PH — photo-multiplier; O — oscilloscope; R — printer
An average kernel sample drawn from five ears was used to perform these
measurements. In order to observe the water status, the plants were picked up
at the black layer maturity, i.e. at the physiological maturity. Measurements of
the grain water status changes were done seven days later and lasted for 35
days. The dynamics of transport processes (grain dry down) at the grain mat-
uration was observed in the course of five years, because of a great instability
of this trait in the majority of maize inbred lines [49, 50].
4. Functional dependence оf the yield of the selected maize hybrids with erect
top leaves on their crop density. In order to determine the functional depend-
ence of the yield of the selected maize hybrids with erect top leaves on their
crop density, the standard maize growing practices with seven sowing densities
were applied under irrigation and rainfed conditions [58, 59].
5. Chemical composition, physical properties and grain structure of maize
hybrids with erect top leaves. Methods used for the determination the chemical
composition, physical properties and grain structure of maize hybrids with
erect top leaves were described in previous papers [9, 51, 52].
Results and discussion
1. The measure of the angle and the area of the above-ear leaf of maize inbred
lines with erect top leaves. Results on the measures of angles between the above-
ear leaf and the stalk, as well as, average leaf areas are presented in Tab. 1.
Based on obtained results on the measures of angles it can be stated that the
observed prestigious maize inbred lines belong to the group of inbred lines with
erect top leaves.
2. Results of photosynthetic-fluorescence studies on the above-ear leaf of
maize inbred lines with erect top leaves. The detailed studies on thermal process-
es of DF of observed maize inbred lines with erect top leaves were carried out.
The thermal curve is a curve that shows the dynamics of changes in the sta-
tionary DF level intensity in dependence on a temperature. The trend of its
formation is most often analogous to segments in seconds designated with a,
b, c, d, e, f and g, Fig. 3.
The observation of the thermal curve course and the analysis of the dura-
tion of certain segments point out to the existence of several critical tempera-
tures (phase transition temperatures) at which smaller or greater conforma-
tional and functional changes occur in the thylakoid membrane of the observed
maize inbreds with erect top leaves.
191
PRESTIGIOUS MAIZE INBRED LINES AND HYBRIDS
Физиология и биохимия культ. растений. 2010. Т. 42. № 3
TABLE 1. The angle of the above-ear leaf and the leaf area of maize elite inbred lines with erect top
leaves
Angle of the above-ear
leaf
Area of the above-ear
leaf, cm2 Inbred line FAO maturity
group
Heterotic origin
of the inbred* x x
ZPPL 16 700 Zemun Polje —
BSSS
18.3 1.12 3.63 328
ZPPL 218 650 Zemun Polje —
Lancaster
22.1 1.36 3.91 412
ZPPL 62 350 Zemun Polje —
BSSS
20.3 1.21 3.33 318
*Studied inbred lines represent good heterotic pairs, they are characterised as good general
combiners for grain yield, they increase well and they are high yielding.
2.1. The temperature depen-
dence of DF intensity for the thy-
lakoid membrane of the maize
inbred lines with erect top leaves.
Fig. 4, A, B, C, presents changes
in the stationary DF level in a
function of the temperature,
ranging from 25 to 60 °C, in the
thylakoid membrane of the
maize inbred lines with erect top
leaves: ZPPL 16, ZPPL 218 and
ZPPL 62.
2.2. The Arrhenius plot for
the determination of critical tem-
peratures and conformational
changes in the thylakoid mem-
brane of the maize inbred lines
with erect top leaves. The
Arrhenius plot is based on the
linearisation of the DF tempera-
ture dependence of observed
maize inbred lines. Critical tem-
peratures (phase transition tem-
peratures) at which conforma-
tional changes occur in the
thylakoid membrane (intersec-
tion points of straight lines) are
determined by the application of
the Arrhenius plot. Results of the
Arrhenius plot application to
prestigious maize inbreds with
erect top leaves are presented in
Fig. 5, A, B and C.
192
.N. RADENOVIĆ, D.M. GRODZINSKIJ, M.R. FILIPOVIĆ ET AL.
Физиология и биохимия культ. растений. 2010. Т. 42. № 3
Fig. 3. Schematic presentation of typical changes in DF intensities (IDF) on the intact above-ear
leaf of the observed prestigious maize inbred lines (solid line) and changes in temperatures (dashed
line):
curve A indicates induction processes of DF, while curve B encompasses photosynthetic fluorescence thermal
processes of DF. Typical temporal segments (a, b, c, d, e, f and g) on the thermal curve B correspond to dynam-
ics of IDF changes at the time of a DF formation. Conformational and functional changes in the thylakoid mem-
brane of observed maize inbred lines with erect top leaves occur at interception points of typical temporal seg-
ments
Time, min
Fig. 4. Changes in the intensity of the delayed
chlorophyll fluorescence (IDF) of thermal processes
in dependence on the effects of temperatures in the
thylakoid membrane of the intact above-ear leaf of
the prestigious maize inbred lines with erect top leaves:
A — ZPPL 16; B — ZPPL 218; C — ZPPL 62
t, °C
A
B
C
2.3. Activation energies and
critical temperatures in the thy-
lakoid membrane of the observed
maize inbred lines with erect top
leaves. Studies on the thermal
curve of DF encompassed not
only the temperature depend-
ence with temporal parameters
and Arrhenius plot, but also the
estimation of values of activation
energies and critical tempera-
tures (phase transition tempera-
tures) in the thylakoid mem-
branes of the studied prestigious
maize inbreds with erect top
leaves: ZPPL 16, ZPPL 218 and
ZPPL 62. Obtained results are
shown in Tab. 2.
3. Dynamics of changes in
the grain water status in the mat-
uration period of the studied maize
inbred lines with erect top leaves.
Dynamics of changes in the
grain water status and dry down
during the maturation period of
the studied maize inbred lines
with erect top leaves are presti-
gious properties of these inbreds
to which a great attention is paid
in the process of contemporary
breeding and the production of
high-quality commercial maize.
Obtained results are presented in
Fig. 6.
4. Functional dependence
between the yield of the selected
maize hybrids with erect top leaves
and their crop density. Results on
functional dependence of the
yield of the selected maize
hybrids with erect top leaves on
their crop density are presented in Tab. 3 and 4.
Yields obtained in the six-year period under conditions of both, rainfed
and irrigation, reliably indicate a high genetic yielding potential of observed
maize hybrids. There are no significant differences among hybrids, hence it
may be concluded that all of them have a high genetic yielding potential.
Yields of all hybrids were higher under irrigation than under rainfed conditions.
The yield was the lowest in dry years, such as 2007.
5. Chemical composition, physical properties and grain structure of maize
hybrids with erect top leaves. Results obtained on grain structure, physical prop-
erties and chemical composition of maize hybrids with erect top leaves are pre-
sented in Tab. 5, 6 and 7.
193
PRESTIGIOUS MAIZE INBRED LINES AND HYBRIDS
Физиология и биохимия культ. растений. 2010. Т. 42. № 3
Fig. 5. The Arrhenius plot for the determination of
critical temperatures (intersection of two straight
lines) and conformational changes in the thylakoid
membrane of the above-ear leaf of observed presti-
gious maize inbred lines with erect top leaves:
A — ZPPL 16; B — ZPPL 218; C — ZPPL 62
t, °C
1/T × 10–4, K–1
A
B
C
The second half of the 20th
and the first decade of the 21st
century are characterised by a
great success achieved in maize
breeding and the production of
basic and certified seed. The
number of plants per area unit has
been growing since 1978. This
trend in maize breeding was
referred to as a «plant density»
programme and it further affected
the yield increase of high quality
certified seed [34]. In addition, a
programme on the development
of maize inbred lines with erect
top leaves was established at the same time as the «plant density» programme.
It was considered that these inbreds were the closest to the proposed efficient
photosynthetic model [6, 34, 41, 42, 45, 47]. These two programmes in maize
breeding and the seed production were not only complementary, but they have
also been expanded. Their implementation led to new results in both, maize
breeding and the hybrid seed production [10, 20, 25, 56]. New and numerous
hybrids with high grain and silage yields were developed and grown on large
areas [10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 54].
Based on obtained results, the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje,
intensively studies and develops maize inbred lines with erect top leaves [4, 34,
41, 43, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50]. The initial studies on the erect leaves were per-
formed on the leaves below the ear, and then they were performed on ear
leaves [4, 45, 47, 48]. Contemporary studies are performed on top leaves. The
most efficient and the longest photosynthetic processes necessary for the maize
plant are achieved in these leaves [41]. According to the stated, a new hypoth-
esis about top leaves (above-ear leaves) having the efficient role of the photo-
synthetic model has been proposed.
This study was an attempt to answer the following questions by using dif-
ferent tests and analyses: 1) are there reliable and dominant traits of maize
inbred lines with erect top leaves by which planned and satisfactory progress
in maize breeding and the high-quality hybrid seed production can be
achieved? and 2) which traits maize inbred lines should have?
194
.N. RADENOVIĆ, D.M. GRODZINSKIJ, M.R. FILIPOVIĆ ET AL.
Физиология и биохимия культ. растений. 2010. Т. 42. № 3
TABLE 2. Changes in activation energies (Ea) and critical temperatures (t, °C) in the course of
thermal processes in the thylakoid membrane of the intact above-ear leaf of studied maize inbred lines
with erect top leaves
ZPPL 16 ZPPL 218 ZPPL 62
Ea, kJ/mol t, °C Ea, kJ/mol t, °C Ea, kJ/mol t, °C
— 29.5 — 27.0 — 28.0
48.4 45.9 43.1 29.0 45.0 36.0
84.3 48.0 27.3 36.9 91.8 41.0
46.7 53.0 37.0 43.5 119.7 46.9
49.2 54.8 42.5 47.8 132.0 49.0
— 60.0 51.1 49.9 — —
Fig. 6. Dynamics of dry down during the grain
maturation period for the maize inbred lines with
erect top leaves:
1 — ZPPL 16 Y = 0.47, 2 — ZPPL 218 Y = 0.45, 3 —
ZPPL 82 Y = 0.40
Maturation period, days
195
PRESTIGIOUS MAIZE INBRED LINES AND HYBRIDS
Физиология и биохимия культ. растений. 2010. Т. 42. № 3
TABLE 3. Yields (t ha–1) of maize hybrids with erect top leaves under rainfed conditions of Zemun
Polje obtained in seven plant densities*
Plant density in 1000 per ha ZP 341
FAO 300
ZP 434
FAO 400
ZP 578
FAO 500
ZP684
FAO 600
40,8 9.3 10.1 9.8 10.8
50,1 11.0 11.1 10.7 12.1
59,5 11.5 11.4 11.5 12.8
69,7 12.5 12.4 11.9 13.1
79,4 12.1 12.3 12.0 13.3
89,3 12.3 11.3 12.6 12.5
98,5 11.8 11.6 11.9 12.2
x 11.5 11.5 11.5 12.4
*Results obtained in the 2003—2008 period.
TABLE 4. Yields (t ha–1) of maize hybrids with erect top leaves under irrigation conditions of Zemun
Polje obtained in seven plant densities*
Plant density in 1000 per ha ZP 341
FAO 300
ZP 434
FAO 400
ZP 578
FAO 500
ZP684
FAO 600
40,8 10.02 10.90 11.32 11.16
50,1 12.01 11.95 12.67 12.96
59,5 12.73 12.04 13.10 13.80
69,7 13.48 13.17 14.18 13.49
79,4 13.55 13.89 15.00 13.84
89,3 13.48 13.61 14.90 13.86
98,5 13.34 13.36 14.67 14.00
x 12.66 12.70 13.69 13.30
* Results obtained in the 2003—2008 period.
TABLE 5. Grain structure of maize hybrids with erect top leaves
Hybrid Pericarp, % Germ, % Endosperm, %
ZP 341 6.49 12.05 81.46
ZP 434 6.49 11.86 81.65
ZP 578 6.08 11.35 82.56
ZP 684 6.39 11.79 81.82
TABLE 6. Physical properties of maize hybrids with erect top leaves*
Hybrid AM HM G IF OM TF MF IAV
ZP 341 331.4 784 1.25 33.7 19.9 57.3 42.7 0.231
ZP 434 355.1 780 1.26 22.3 16.6 58.8 41.2 0.225
ZP 578 304.8 751 1.27 30.2 16.9 61.9 38.2 0.242
ZP 684 344.8 772 1.26 18.9 13.7 54.5 45.5 0.246
* AM = 1000-kernel weight (g); HM = test weight (kg m–3); G — density, (g cm–3); IF —
floatation index (%); OM — milling response, (s); TF — hard endosperm fraction, (%); MF — soft
endosperm fraction, (%); IAV — water absorption index.
The stated experimental studies can offer at least a partial answer to asked
questions. The overall studies on maize inbred lines with erect top leaves
encompassed several series of experiments. The first series of experiments
included the measure of the angle and the leaf area of observed prestigious
maize inbred lines with erect top leaves. The results obtained on these traits
(Tab. 1) classifies them into important seed breeding and seed production traits
[49, 50]. The second series of experiments included photosynthetic fluores-
cence studies on conformational and functional changes in the thylakoid mem-
brane of the intact above-ear leaf of studied prestigious maize inbred lines. The
temperature dependence of thermal processes of DF for the studied maize
inbred lines is presented in a form of their establishment (Fig. 3). The results
of the temperature dependence of DF for each of the three tested prestigious
maize inbred lines with erect top leaves are presented in Fig. 4, A, B, C. The
presented results show that the temperature dependence of DF in each of the
three maize inbred lines with erect top leaves is characterised with typical
intersection points of two segments on the thermal curve (Fig. 3). The first typ-
ical point occurred on the intersection of the segment a and the segment b and
it represented the lowest critical temperatures at which the initial change in the
DF intensity was observed. The second typical point occurred on the inter-
section of the segment b and the segment c and it was related to a linear
monotony with the angle of the increasing part of the DF intensity curve.
Evident changes in the structure of the thylakoid membrane occurred in this
region. The third typical point reflected a smaller or a greater rotundity of DF
intensity peaks. The «breaking» conformational changes occurred in two inter-
section points of the segments c and d and the segments d and e. The fourth
typical point was related to the linear monotony and the inclination angle of
the declining part of the DF intensity curve. This segment of the thermal curve
bore the last conformational changes that had occurred in the thylakoid mem-
brane. These changes can hardly be described as characters of functioning of
a living leaf. The typical intersection points designated as f and g almost had
no physiological role. The analysed typical intersection points (Fig. 3 and Fig.
4 A, B, C) can be considered the points characterising inbred lines with erect
top leaves, as these points are precisely the points of conformational and func-
tional changes in the thylakoid membrane [4, 45, 46, 47, 48].
All critical temperatures (phase transition temperatures) at which even the
slightest conformational changes had occurred in the thylakoid membranes of
studied maize inbred lines with erect top leaves were determined by the Arrhe-
nius criterion and the linearisation of the DF temperature dependence. The
value of critical temperatures (°C), their frequency and intermediate distance
characterise observed maize inbred lines with erect top leaves in relation to
their tolerance, resistance and adaptation not only to increased and high tem-
peratures, but also to drought [6, 43, 44, 45]. The Arrhenius criterion is based
on the existence of straight lines. Each Arrhenius straight line represents its
196
.N. RADENOVIĆ, D.M. GRODZINSKIJ, M.R. FILIPOVIĆ ET AL.
Физиология и биохимия культ. растений. 2010. Т. 42. № 3
TABLE 7. Grain chemical composition of maize hybrids with erect top leaves
Hybrid Starch, % Protein, % Oil, % Fibre, % Ash, %
ZP 341 69.00 9.33 5.75 1.98 1.33
ZP 434 69.02 9.42 5.87 1.99 1.37
ZP 578 72.99 8.64 5.08 1.82 1.33
ZP 684 70.52 8.84 4.82 2.06 1.37
activation energy (Ea). The intersection point of two straight lines is deter-
mined by a critical temperature. Results of the Ea values in the inclining and
declining part of the thermal curve are explained by lesser or greater confor-
mational changes that occur in the molecules of pigments (chlorophyll) in the
thylakoid membrane with the temperature increase. Due to such changes these
molecules become more reactive and thereby gain the additional energy that is
used in the recombining process of the DF occurrence (Tab. 2) [4, 36, 37, 45,
46, 47].
Presented photosynthetic fluorescence traits of studied maize inbred lines
with erect top leaves can contribute to more exact, rational and expeditious
proceedings of breeding and the production of high-quality hybrid seed, which
makes them exceptionally important.
The third series of experiments encompassed the thermal studies of the
specific grain water status and grain dry down rates in the maturation period.
Transport processes and dry down rates at grain maturation are very important
and prestigious properties to which a great economic and scientific importance
is ascribed, not only in the process of studying and the development of maize
inbreds and hybrids with erect top leaves, but also in the organisation of the
hybrid maize seed production [40]. The grain dry down rate in the maturation
period is a very complex process and depends on the following several param-
eters: a) the osmotic pressure in the grain in the maturation period; the osmot-
ic pressure is prone to the external atmospheric pressure, as well as frequency
and intensity of air currents and significant changes in relative humidity; fur-
thermore, the osmotic pressure in the grain depends on the structural proper-
ties of chemical compounds and the nature of their chemical bonds with water;
b) the pericarp structure and thickness and its water permeability, that is water
transport capacity through such a structure; c) the content and structure of
starch grains and protein bodies, including their binding affinity to water;
d) morphological properties of the ear; e) morphological properties of the
grain; and f) other physical and chemical parameters of a chemical structure
of the grain, which interact with water.
This study encompasses the six-year observation of yields of the follow-
ing maize hybrids with erect top leaves: ZP-341, ZP-434, ZP-578 and ZP-684.
According to results presented in Tab. 3 and 4 it is obvious that hybrids have
high and stable yields under conditions of both, rainfed and irrigation. Studied
maize hybrids with erect top leaves are well adapted to the density of 70,000
plants ha–1. Higher densities reduce yield and require significantly higher
inputs and expenses [26, 58, 59].
Gained results presented in Tab. 5, 6 and 7, point out to structural grain
parameters (pericarp, germ and endosperm), physical traits and chemical com-
position that indicate exceptional quality of commercial maize of observed
hybrids with erect top leaves. Commercial maize is of appropriate quality that
provides diversified utilisation [9, 51, 52].
According to the achieved results it can be established that non-invasive
photosynthetic fluorescence method can be applied in breeding and the maize
hybrid seed production and that the estimation of prestigious maize inbred
lines for their resistance and adaptability to increased and high temperatures,
as well as to drought, can be performed. The application of the stated method
provided the determination of many properties and parameters of photosyn-
thetic apparatus of observed prestigious maize inbred lines with erect top
leaves:
Temperature dependence in the range from 24 to 60 °C;
197
PRESTIGIOUS MAIZE INBRED LINES AND HYBRIDS
Физиология и биохимия культ. растений. 2010. Т. 42. № 3
Temperatures at which smaller or greater conformational and function-
al changes in the thylakoid membrane occur;
Values of activation energies (Ea, kJ/mol) along straight lines before and
after the occurrence of critical temperatures in the thermal process;
Different monotony of the increasing part of the thermal curve, which
points out to uneven resistance and adaptability to increased and high tem-
peratures, as well as to drought;
It was shown that observed inbred lines have a trait of the erect posi-
tion of top leaves and a greater dry down rate in the grain maturation period.
The following relevant properties of maize hybrids, developed from the
stated maize inbred lines with erect top leaves, were analysed: dependence of
their yields on the crop density, and quality of commercial maize of observed
maize hybrids. It was presented that observed maize hybrids tolerated crop
densities up to 70,000 plants ha–1. It was shown that commercial maize of
observed maize hybrids with erect top leaves was of exceptional quality that
provided its diversified utilisation.
Acknowledgements
The implementation of the programme was mainly supported by the Maize
Research Institute, Zemun Polje, and partially by the Ministry of Science and
Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (projects: 03E211,
03E22, 142025, TR-20003, TR-20007, TR-20014).
1. Бухов Н.Г., Рахибердиева М.Г., Карапетян Н.В. О природе медленных переходных явле-
ний переменной и замедленной флуоресценции листьев // Физиология растений. —
1989. — 36. — C. 1045—1054.
2. Веселовский В.А., Веселова Т.В. Люминесцентная характеристика фотосинтетического
аппарата растений // Люминесценция растений: теоретические и практические аспек-
ты / АН СССР. — Моск. об-во испытателей природы. Под ред. А.Б. Рубина. — М.:
Наука. — 1990. — С. 8—78.
3. Джибладзе М.Г., Бухов Н.Г., Карапетян Н.В. Связь между кинетическими кривыми пе-
ременной флуоресценции и децисекундной компонентой замедленной флуоресценции
в листьях растений // Биофизика. — 1988. — 33. — С. 121—125.
4. Раденович Ч., Бабич М., Хойка З. и др. Характеристика инбредных линий кукурузы с
вертикально стоящими листьями для эффективного использования в селекции // Докл.
Рос. академии с.-х. наук. — 2004. — 2. — С. 7—9.
5. Раденович Ч., Еремич М., Маркович Д. Фотоиндуцированная биолюминесценция расте-
ний: фотосинтетические, транспортные и мембранные процессы // Физиология и био-
химия культ. растений. — 1994. — 26, № 5. — С. 419—433.
6. Раденович Ч., Сатарич И., Иванович М., Коич Л. Биолюминесцентный отклик инбред-
ных линий кукурузы (Zea mays L.) на температуру и засуху // Док. Рос. академии с.-х.
наук. — 2001. — 4. — С. 13—16.
7. Рубин А.Б., Фохт А.А., Венедиктов П.С. Некоторые кинетические свойства электрон-
транспортных процессов в первичной фотосинтетической реакции // Тр. Моск. об-ва
испытателей природы. — 1988. — 28. — С. 172—184.
8. Barber J., Neumann J. An energy conservation site between H2O and DBMIB: evidence from
msec delayed light and chlorophyll fluorescence studies in chloroplasts.// FEBS Lett. —
1974. — 40. — P. 186—189.
9. Bekri V. Kvalitet kukuruza i kako ga meriti // Upotreba kukuruza. — Beograd: IzdavaInsti-
tut za kukuruz «Zemun Polje», 1997. — P. 201—204.
10. Dumanovi J. Modern maize breeding programmes // Proc. Genetics and Breeding of Maize.
December 11—12, 1986 / Еd. Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Jugoslavia. —
Beograd, 1986. — P. 77—94.
11. Duvick D.N. Genetic rates of grain in hybrid maize yields during the past 40 years // May-
dica. — 1977. — 22, N 4. — P. 187—196.
12. Duvick D.N. Genetic contribution to yield gains of U.S. hybrid maize, 1930—1980 // Genetic
Contributions to Yield Gains of Five Major Crop Plants / Ed. W.R. Fehr. — Madison, WI:
CSSA. аnd ASA, 1984. — Spec. Publ. 7. — P. 15—47.
198
.N. RADENOVIĆ, D.M. GRODZINSKIJ, M.R. FILIPOVIĆ ET AL.
Физиология и биохимия культ. растений. 2010. Т. 42. № 3
13. Felner M., Ford E.D., Van Volkenburgh E. Development of erect leaves in modern maize
hybrids is associated with reduced responsiveness to auxin and light of young seedlings in
vitro // Plants signaling and behaviour. — 2006. — 1, No 4. — P. 201—211.
14. Govindjee Van Der Ven M., Parageorgiou G. Chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis; flu-
orescence transients // Photophysiology, Current Topics in Photobiology and Photochemistry /
Ed. A.C. Giese. — New York: Acad. Press. — 1971. — VI. — P. 1—47.
15. Govindjee Van Der Ven M., Preston C., Seibert M., Gratton E. Chlorophyll a fluorescence life-
time distribution in open and closed photosystem II reaction centre preparation // Biochim.
Biophys. Acta. — 1990. — 1015. — P. 173—179.
16. Hallauer A.R. Modern methods in maize breeding // Workshop on Maize Breeding and Maize
Production EUROMAIZE ’88. Oct. 06—08.1988., Belgrade, Yugoslavia. — Belgrade, 1988. —
P. 1—20.
17. Haveman J., Lavorel J. Identification of the 120 msec phase in the decay of delayed fluores-
cence in spinach chloroplasts and subchloroplasts particles as the intrinsic back reaction. The
dependence of the level of this phase on the thylakoids internal pH // Biochim. Biophys.
Acta. — 1975. — 408. — P. 269—283.
18. Hipkins M.F., Barber J. Estimation of the activation energy for millisecond delayed fluores-
cence from uncoupled chloroplasts // FEBS Lett. — 1974. — 42. — P. 289—292.
19. Holzapfel C., Haug A. Time course of microsecond delayed light emission from Scenedesmus
obliques // Biochim. Biophys. Acta. — 1974. — 333. — P. 52—58.
20. Ivanovi M., Petrovi R., Ivanovi M. et al. Fifty years of ZP hybrids breeding // Proc. Breeding,
Production and Maize Utilization. 50 Years of Maize Research Institute «Zemun Polje», Sept.
28—29, 1995. Zemun Polje. — Belgrade, 1995. — P. 3—16.
21. Jurisni P. Delayed fluorescence: Current concepts and status // Light Emission by Plants and
Bacteria / Ed. Govindjee Van Der Ven, & oth. — Orlando, FL, USA: Acad. Press. — 1986.
— P. 291—328.
22. Jurisni P., Govindjee Van Der Ven. Effects of hydroxylamine and silicomolybdate on the decay
of delayed light emission in the 6—100 msec range after a single 10 ns flash in pea thyla-
koids // Photosynthetica. — 1982. — 3. — P. 161—177.
23. Krause G.H., Weis E. Chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis: The basic // Annu. Rev.
Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. — 1991. — 42. — P. 313—349.
24. Koji L., Ivanovi M. Long-term maize breeding programs. In: Proc. Genetics and breeding of
Maize. Dec. 11—12, 1986 / Ed. Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade.— Belgrade,
1986. — P. 57—75.
25. Кoj L. Uroajnost ZP gibridov kukuruzi raznih periodov selekcii // Kukuruza. — 1993. —
93. — P. 1—13.
26. Kolar F. Osnovni elementi tehnoloskog procesa proizvodnje kukuruza na ernozemu. —
Beograd: Nolit. — 1974.
27. Lichtenthaler H.K., Rinderle U. The role of chlorophyll fluorescence in the detection of stress
conditions in plants // CRC Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. — 1988. — 19 (Suppl. I). — P. 29—85.
28. Markovi D., Jeremi M., Radenovi ., Vucini . A study of temperature induced structural
changes in photosynthetic system using delayed fluorescence // J. Serb. Chem. Soc. — 1987. —
52. — P. 331—336.
29. Markovi D., Jeremi M., Radenovi ., Shara M. Irreversible structural changes in thylakoid
membranes at high temperatures detection by luminescence and EPR // Gen. Physiol.
Biophys. — 1993. — 12. — P. 37—47.
30. Markovi D., Jeremi M., Radenovi . Zakasnela fluorescencija hlorofila // Savremena
biofizika. — Beograd: Izdavac «Velarta». — 1996. — 4. — P. 1—105.
31. Markovi D., Radenovi ., Rafailovi L. et al. Temperature dependence of delayed fluores-
cence induction curve transient // Gen. Physiol. Biophysics. — 1999. — 18. — P. 257—267.
32. McCauley S.W., Rubby R.H. Delayed fluorescence induction in chloroplasts. Irradiation
dependence // Biochim. Biophys. Acta. — 1981. — 638. — P. 268—274.
33. Papageorgiou G. Chlorophyll fluorescence: intrinsic probe of photosynthesis // Bioenergetics
of Photosynthesis / Ed. Govindjee. — New York: Acad. Press. — 1975. — P. 319—371.
34. Radenovi ., Ristanovi D., Trifunovi V. The theoretical and the development programme on
the increase of the plant number per area unit for the development of erect leaf maize lines
and for their more effective application in breeding // The internal note. Maize Research
Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade. — Belgrade, 1978. — P. 1—3.
35. Radenovi . Investigation of photoinduced biolumiscence in maize leaf // Contemp. Agric. —
1992. — 40, N 6. — P. 15—38.
36. Radenovi . A study of delayed fluorescence in plant models: Photosynthetic transportation
and membrane processes // J. Serb. Chem. Soc. — 1994. — 59. — P. 595—617.
37. Radenovi . Induction process and activation energy of delayed chlorophyll fluorescence //
Proceedings for Natural Sciences of Matica Srpska. — 1997. — 93. — P. 5—14.
199
PRESTIGIOUS MAIZE INBRED LINES AND HYBRIDS
Физиология и биохимия культ. растений. 2010. Т. 42. № 3
38. Radenovi ., Jeremi M. The study of delayed light emission in a plant models // Arch. Biol.
Sci. — 1996. — 48. — P. 1—18.
39. Radenovi ., Jeremi M., Markovi D. Delayed chlorophyll fluorescence in plants models //
Photosynthetica. — 1994. — 30. — P. 1—24.
40. Radenovi . Transportni procesi kroz membranu // Savremena biofizika. — Belgrad: Izdava
«Velarta». — 1998. — 5. — P. 1—90.
41. Radenovi ., Grodzinskij D. Erect leaf maize inbred lines — an efficient photosynthetic
model // A wrttten communication Belgrade-Kiev and vice verca. — 1998.
42. Radenovi ., Satari I., Husi I. et al. A study of functioning of thylakoid membranes in
inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) // Genetika. — 2000. — 32, N 3. — P. 377—383.
43. Radenovi ., Satari I., Ivanovi M. et al. Conformational and functional changes in thylakoid
membranes — parameters for evaluation of maize inbred lines resistance to temperatures and
drought // J. Sci. Agric. Res. — 2001. — 62. — P. 5—20.
44. Radenovi ., Babi M., Deli N. et al. Novij fotosintetiesko-bioluminescentnij metod v selek-
ciji kukuruzi // Kukuruza i sorgo. — 2002. — 4. — P. 21—24.
45. Radenovi ., Babi M., Deli N. et al. Photosynthetic properties of erect leaf maize inbred
lines as the efficient photomodel in breeding and seed production // Genetika. — 2003. —
35. — P. 85—97.
46. Radenovi ., Babi M., Deli N., Ristanovi D. Effect of changes in thylakoid membranes —
a measure for evaluation of resistance and adaptibility of maize inbred lines to high tempera-
tures // Proceedings for Natural Sciences, Matica Srpska. Novi Sad. — 2003. — 101. —
P. 45—54.
47. Radenovi ., Hojka Z., Selakovi D. et al. Fotosynthetic properties of elite erect leaf maize
inbred lines and their contribution to seed production improvement // Proceedings for Natural
Sciences. Matica Srpska. Novi Sad. — 2004. — 106. — P. 45—56.
48. Radenovi ., Konstantinov K., Deli N., Stankovi G. Photosynthetic and bioluminescence
properties of maize inbred lines with upright leaves // Maydica. — 2007. — 5. — P. 347—
356.
49. Radenovi ., Filipovi M., Babi M. et al. Actual prestiguous of maize inbred lines — a good
initial basis for the efficient development of new and yielding maize hybrids // Genetika. —
2008. — 40, N 2. — P. 121—133.
50. Radenovi ., Selakovi D., Filipovi M. et al. Svojstva prestinih samooplodnih linija kuku-
ruza relevantna za savremenu proizvodnju kvalitetnog hibridnog semena // Arh. poljoprivr.
Nauke. — 2008. — 69. — P. 79—95.
51. Radosavlevi M., Bekri V., Boovi I., Jakovljevi J. Physical and chemical properties of vari-
ous corn genotipes as a criterion of tecnological quality // Genetika. — 2000. — 32, N 3. —
P. 319—329.
52. Radosavlevi M., Boovi I., Jovanovi R. et al. Kvalitet zrna i tehnoloka vrednost ZP hibri-
da kukuruza i sorti soje // Agroznanje. — 2002. — 3. — P. 13—24.
53. Russell W.A. Agronomic performance of maize cultivars representing different eras breeding //
Maydica. — 1984. — 30, N 1. — P. 85—96.
54. Russell W.A. Contributions of breeding to maize improvment in United States, 1920’s—
1980’s // Iowa St. Jour. of Res. — 1986. — 61. — P. 4—34.
55. Sprague G.F. Organization of breeding programs // 20th Ann. Illinois Corn Breeding School
(USA). — 1984. — 20. — P. 20.
56. Trifunovi V. Forty years of modern maize breeding in Yugoslavia // Proc. Genetics and bree-
ding of maize. Dec. 11—12, 1986, Belgrade: Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje. —
Belgrade, 1986. — P. 5—46.
57. Trifunovi B.V., Stankovi G., Trifunovi V. Multiple regression analysis of prolificacy and
effect on yield in a synthetic population on maize (Zea mays L.) // Genetika. — 2000. —
32. — P. 355—363.
58. Videnovi ., Veskovi M., Stefanovi L. et al. Razvoj tehnologije gajenja kukuruza u Srbiji //
Oplemenjvanje proizvodnja i iskoriavanje kukuruza-50 godina Instituta za kukuruz «Zemun
Polje», Beograd. — Beograd, 1995. — P. 163—165.
59. Videnovi ., Jovanovi ., Kresovi B., Tolimir M. Effects of agroecological conditions on ZP
maize hybrids // Genetika. — 2001. — 23, N 3. — P. 397—406.
Received 04.02.2010
200
.N. RADENOVIĆ, D.M. GRODZINSKIJ, M.R. FILIPOVIĆ ET AL.
Физиология и биохимия культ. растений. 2010. Т. 42. № 3
ПЕРСПЕКТИВНI IНБРЕДНI ЛIНIЇ ТА ГIБРИДИ КУКУРУДЗИ З ВЕРТИКАЛЬНО
РОЗТАШОВАНИМИ ВЕРХНIМИ ЛИСТКАМИ, ЩО ВIДПОВIДАЮТЬ
ВЛАСТИВОСТЯМ ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ ФОТОСИНТЕТИЧНОЇ МОДЕЛI, СТАНОВЛЯТЬ
ОСНОВУ ПОДАЛЬШОГО ПРОГРЕСУ В СЕЛЕКЦIЇ I ТЕХНОЛОГIЇ
Ч.Н. Раденович1,2, Д.М. Гродзинський3, М.Р. Філіпович1, М.С. Радосавлевич1,
Ж.В. Видоневич1, М.П. Денич1, З.Ф. Чамджия1
1Науково-дослідний інститут кукурудзи, Земун Поле, Белград, Республіка Сербія
2Факультет фізичної хімії Белградського університету, Белград, Республіка Сербія
3Iнститут клітинної біології і генетичної інженерії НАН України, Київ, Україна
У роботі підтверджено припущення про те, що елітні інбредні лінії кукурудзи з вертикаль-
но розташованими верхніми листками і гібриди, отримані на їхній основі, мають домінант-
ну ознаку ефективного фотосинтетично-флуоресцентного типу і тому так успішно викори-
стовуються в селекції та сучасних технологіях виробництва гібридного насіння й товарної
кукурудзи. Наведені результати досліджень вертикального положення верхніх листків,
збільшеної густоти посіву, динаміки підсушування зернівок у період їхнього дозрівання,
якості насіння гібридної і товарної кукурудзи, а також фотосинтетичних і флуоресцентних
параметрів: температурної залежності інтенсивності уповільненої флуоресценції хлорофілу,
критерію Арреніуса для визначення критичних температур (температур фазового переходу)
і енергій активації, показують, що властивості розглянутих інбредних ліній та їхніх гібридів
базуються на позитивному ефекті й природі конформаційних і функціональних змін, що
відбуваються в їх тилакоїдних мембранах, інших хімічних і структурних характеристиках
тканин листків і зерна. Проаналізовано інші важливі селекційні й насінні властивості
досліджених перспективних ліній, гібридів кукурудзи на їхній основі (залежність урожаю
від густоти, якість товарної кукурудзи як похідної структури зернівки та її хімічних
характеристик).
ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ ИНБРЕДНЫЕ ЛИНИИ И ГИБРИДЫ КУКУРУЗЫ С
ВЕРТИКАЛЬНО РАСПОЛОЖЕННЫМИ ВЕРХНИМИ ЛИСТЬЯМИ, КОТОРЫЕ
ОТВЕЧАЮТ СВОЙСТВАМ ЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ ФОТОСИНТЕТИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕЛИ,
ПРЕДСТАВЛЯЮТ ОСНОВУ ДАЛЬНЕЙШЕГО ПРОГРЕССА В СЕЛЕКЦИИ И
ТЕХНОЛОГИИ
Ч.Н. Раденович1,2, Д.М. Гродзинский3, М.Р. Филипович1, М.С. Радосавлевич1,
Ж.В. Видоневич1, М.П. Денич1, З.Ф. Чамджия1
1Научно-исследовательский институт кукурузы, Земун Поле, Белград, Республика Сербия
2Факультет физической химии Белградского университета, Белград, Республика Сербия
3Институт клеточной биологии и генетической инженерии НАН Украины, Киев, Украина
В работе подтверждено предположение о том, что элитные инбредные линии кукурузы с
вертикально расположенными верхними листьями и гибриды, полученные на их основе,
имеют доминантный признак эффективного фотосинтетически-флуоресцентного типа и
поэтому так успешно используются в селекции и в современных технологиях производст-
ва гибридных семян и товарной кукурузы. Представленные результаты исследований вер-
тикального положения верхних листьев, увеличенной густоты посева, динамики подсуши-
вания зерновок в период их созревания, качества семян гибридной и товарной кукурузы,
а также фотосинтетических и флуоресцентных параметров: температурной зависимости
интенсивности замедленной флуоресценции хлорофилла, критерия Аррениуса для опреде-
ления критических температур (температур фазового перехода) и энергий активации, по-
казывают, что свойства рассмотренных инбредных линий и их гибридов основаны на
положительном эффекте и природе конформационных и функциональных изменений,
происходящих в их тилакоидных мембранах, других химических и структурных характери-
стиках тканей листьев и зерна. Проанализированы другие важные селекционные и семен-
ные свойства исследованных перспективных линий и гибридов кукурузы на их основе (за-
висимость их урожая от густоты, качество товарной кукурузы как производное структуры
зерновки и ее химических характеристик).
Ключевые слова: Zea mays L., инбредные линии, гибриды, вертикальный верхний лист, ти-
лакоидная мембрана, фотосинтетическая и флуоресцентная модель, замедленная флуорес-
ценция хлорофилла.
201
PRESTIGIOUS MAIZE INBRED LINES AND HYBRIDS
Физиология и биохимия культ. растений. 2010. Т. 42. № 3
|