Military history museums of Ukraine: historical and statistical aspects
In the article the results of military-historical museums Ukraine through characterization of their foundations and excursion work.
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Центр пам’яткознавства НАН України і Українського товариства охорони пам’яток історії та культури
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irk-123456789-781222015-03-12T03:01:59Z Military history museums of Ukraine: historical and statistical aspects Mashtalir, V.V. Пам’ятки історії та культури In the article the results of military-historical museums Ukraine through characterization of their foundations and excursion work. У статті висвітлено результати діяльності військово-історичних музеїв України через характеристику їх фондів та екскурсійну роботу. В статье освещены результаты деятельности военно-исторических музеев Украины через характеристику их фондов та экскурсионную работу. 2014 Article Military history museums of Ukraine: historical and statistical aspects / V.V. Mashtalir // Питання історії науки і техніки. — 2014. — № 3. — С. 53-60. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. 2077-9496 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/78122 069:355/359 en Питання історії науки і техніки Центр пам’яткознавства НАН України і Українського товариства охорони пам’яток історії та культури |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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Пам’ятки історії та культури Пам’ятки історії та культури |
| spellingShingle |
Пам’ятки історії та культури Пам’ятки історії та культури Mashtalir, V.V. Military history museums of Ukraine: historical and statistical aspects Питання історії науки і техніки |
| description |
In the article the results of military-historical museums Ukraine through characterization
of their foundations and excursion work. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Mashtalir, V.V. |
| author_facet |
Mashtalir, V.V. |
| author_sort |
Mashtalir, V.V. |
| title |
Military history museums of Ukraine: historical and statistical aspects |
| title_short |
Military history museums of Ukraine: historical and statistical aspects |
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Military history museums of Ukraine: historical and statistical aspects |
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Military history museums of Ukraine: historical and statistical aspects |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Military history museums of Ukraine: historical and statistical aspects |
| title_sort |
military history museums of ukraine: historical and statistical aspects |
| publisher |
Центр пам’яткознавства НАН України і Українського товариства охорони пам’яток історії та культури |
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2014 |
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Пам’ятки історії та культури |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/78122 |
| citation_txt |
Military history museums of Ukraine: historical and statistical aspects / V.V. Mashtalir // Питання історії науки і техніки. — 2014. — № 3. — С. 53-60. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
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Питання історії науки і техніки |
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| fulltext |
ПАМ’ЯТКИ ІСТОРІІ ТА КУЛЬТУРИ
ПИТАННЯ ІСТОРІІ НАУКИ І ТЕХНІКИ 2014 № 3 53
UDC 069:355/359
MILITARY HISTORY MUSEUMS OF UKRAINE:
HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL ASPECTS
Mashtalir V. V., candidate of historical science
(The General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine)
In the article the results of military-historical museums Ukraine through characteriza-
tion of their foundations and excursion work.
Key words: museum, military museum, museum work, collections
Whereas life in Ukraine throughout its history and struggle of the Ukrainian people for
their independence proceeded and, unfortunately, now proceeds among of endless wars and
hostilities, the issue of increasing national identity and historical memory of past generations,
applying the lessons of military and historical heritage, the revival of centuries-old traditions
of the Ukrainian army is a testament to the progressive formation of the scientific understand-
ing of the historical development and maturity of the national society.
Increasing importance of patriotic education of the population in the socio-cultural proc-
esses provided the impetus for rethinking the concept of the museum, improving national mu-
seum networks in order to enhance their social impact, expanding cooperation in the field of
museum and the military traditions of the Ukrainian army. The task of modern museums is to
make the military-historical heritage inexhaustible source of knowledge and an instrument of
social development.
The Law of Ukraine "On museums and museum practice" determined that the museums
as a cultural, educational and research institutions are not only for the research, preservation
and use of cultural heritage, but also to attract people to the achievements of national and
world historical and cultural heritage [1]. Law regulated social relations in the museum field,
set the legal, economic and social framework of the scientific acquisition of funds. He also de-
fines the tasks of museums, the main directions of the functioning of museums, the principles
of formation of museum fund our state, database museums, international activities, and self-
management of museums, guarantees the rights and legitimate interests of the employees of
museums, as well as liability for violation of Ukrainian legislation on museums and museum
practice [2, P. 13].
Existing museums accumulated unique creations of material and spiritual culture of the
people, the evidence of their economic, social, political, scientific, technological and cultural
development. They are an integral part of universal human values, to reflect the ideals of gen-
erations, talk about the different periods of history, prominent figures of the state, science,
technology and culture [3, pp 194-211].
Perfomentny process of integrating the military past into the present by means of exposi-
tion and exhibition of the military-historical museums in Ukraine, whose work focused on the
dissemination and popularization of knowledge about the military history of our country and
its armed forces, military facilities, as well as the education of patriotism and the formation of
the historical consciousness of the public.
On research activities of military-historical museums and the development of military
museums in Ukraine has been paid considerable attention to V.V. Karpov, V.M. Zayarin, I.N.
Chudnovskaya, V.V. Moskalenko, O.P. Nizhnyk, I.V. Polinyaka, A.I. Haryvskyy,
ПАМ’ЯТКИ ІСТОРІІ ТА КУЛЬТУРИ
ПИТАННЯ ІСТОРІІ НАУКИ І ТЕХНІКИ 2014 № 3 54
M.Troschak, A. Arhashelska, A.S. Tarasenko and others.
After analyzing a large number of military museums and military formations museums
located in the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, the author for the purpose of this article puts
highlighting the performance of military-historical museums of Ukraine through the charac-
terization of their funds and excursion work.
Military History Museums is a kind of museums of historical profile. Exposition of these
museums illuminates the heroic struggle of the people for their independence, outstanding bat-
tle over centuries of historical period, the outstanding military leaders, the history of the
Armed Forces, tells of the exploits of soldiers at the front and in peacetime, reproduces the
evolution of warfare and weapons of all types of troops (forces), as well as the history of mili-
tary formations at different times. The process of creating of exposition is multi-faceted. It has
a certain consistency and principles. Methodologically and substantively correct organized ex-
position of military museum provides a great emotional impact on visitors.
Important events that have occurred in society and the Armed Forces of Ukraine, has al-
ways found a response in the activities of military museums. Work continued on updating the
museum collections of new exhibits of military history of Ukraine, samples of domestic and
foreign weapons, improvement of museum exhibitions.
According to the types of objects, the basic foundation of the military-historical muse-
ums and museums (rooms) battle (labor) fame can be divided into structural items of weapons
and equipment, material, visual and documentary items, photos, film and video.
Quantitative indicators of the museum fund military museums in Ukraine the following
(see. Tab. 1):
Weapons and military equipment – 65 216;
Material objects – 21966;
Photos – 17019;
Documentary subjects – 5566;
Visual objects – 1165;
Film and video sources – 191.
Table 1
The structure of the fund of military museums in Ukraine
Types of objects of the main fund of the mu-
seum
№ Subordination Armaments
and equip-
ment
Mate-
rial Visual Documen-
tary Photo
Film
and
Video
1.
National military
history museum of
Ukraine and its affiliates
52 372 18 263 336 4 292 8 336 85
2. Army of the Armed
Forces of Ukraine 528 1 382 180 459 2
696 18
3. Air Force of the
Armed Forces of Ukraine 11 564 1 381 211 949 1
950 50
4. Navy Armed Forces
of Ukraine 100 83 93 166 920 8
5.
General Directorate
of Defense Intelligence of
Ukraine
171 564 35 150 114 12
ПАМ’ЯТКИ ІСТОРІІ ТА КУЛЬТУРИ
ПИТАННЯ ІСТОРІІ НАУКИ І ТЕХНІКИ 2014 № 3 55
Types of objects of the main fund of the mu-
seum
№ Subordination Armaments
and equip-
ment
Mate-
rial Visual Documen-
tary Photo
Film
and
Video
6.
Department of Mili-
tary Education and Sci-
ence of the Ministry of
Defense of Ukraine
48 25 68 327 2
230 15
7. National Defense
University of Ukraine 93 42 157 20 565 1
8.
The Communica-
tions Troops of the Armed
Forces of Ukraine
221 111 27 189 208 2
9.
Main Directorate
for work with personnel of
the Armed Forces of
Ukraine
119 115 58 4 - -
The number of items 65 216 21 966 1 165 5 556 17 019 191
In the general structure of the museum fund of the Armed Forces of Ukraine the largest
number of objects relates to the weapons and military equipment (58.0%), clothing fund
(19.8%), visual fund (1%), photo fund (15.3%) and documentary fund (5%), film and video
fund (0.2%) (see. Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. The overall structure of the museum fund of the Armed Forces
of Ukraine
58,0%
19,8%
1,0%
5,0%
15,3% 0,2%
Weapons and Equipment
Material
Visual
Documentary
Photos
Film and Video
Ministry of Defense of Ukraine is constantly taking steps to improve the educational work, in-
creasing the level of culture in the Ukrainian army, comply with the law the rights of military
personnel, the civilian employees of the Armed Forces and their families to have access to cul-
tural values, significantly associated with the development of the military museum work, to
familiarize the terms of the public with the military-historical heritage. To implement these
tasks, August 15, 2001 Order of the Minister of Defense of Ukraine approved the "Target pro-
gram of support and development of culture in the Armed Forces of Ukraine" [4]. This pro-
gram covers the conservation, use of creative and spiritual activities of military museums, as
well as international cooperation in the field of museology. The order clearly shows the main
measures aimed at ensuring the implementation of the tasks of the Programme, in particular:
the creation in all branches of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the operational command of
the branches of the Central Museum of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (now - National Military
ПАМ’ЯТКИ ІСТОРІІ ТА КУЛЬТУРИ
ПИТАННЯ ІСТОРІІ НАУКИ І ТЕХНІКИ 2014 № 3 56
History Museum of Ukraine) and the network of rooms of military glory of military units; de-
velopment of the regulatory framework of the military institutions, cultural and state order for
training and skills development of cultural institutions and military training and advanced
training of officers and employees who occupy positions of heads of museums [2, P. 15]. For
example, in Fig. 2 shows the dynamics of changes in the number of military museums (mu-
seum formations) from 2003 to 2012.
Fig. 2 . Dynamics of changes of the total number of military museums (museum
formations) by years
42 40
74 78
66
46 48
68
71
0
20
40
60
80
100
2003 2004 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Sixth March 2002 by order of the Minister of Defense of Ukraine approved the "Regula-
tions on the organization of military museums (rooms), battle (labor) glory in the Armed Forc-
es of Ukraine", which was the next important act in the legal support of the military museums
and enhancing their role in military-patriotic education [5, pp 118-122]. This Regulation regu-
lates the organization of the military museums and museum education, defines the characteris-
tics of their legal status, functions, objectives, main activities, organizational structure.
The centerpiece of the museum network of the Defense Ministry of Ukraine is museums
(museum formations) historical type. Their employees based on the museum's collections
document the history of the troops, the art of war, the Armed Forces of Ukraine, weapons,
military equipment, clothing, gear and insignia [6, P. 3].
The main aspects of museum work, in accordance with the Regulations include cultural,
educational, research, scientific, stock, publishing, restoration, monument protection activity
and exposure. So, an example, in 2012 the military museum was visited 272 557 people (see.
Tab. 2).
Table 2
Excursion of military museums (museum formations)
Total number of visitors
Of them served
tours
(excursions) № Subordination
Total Including mil-
itary Total Including
military
Number
of excur-
sions
1.
National military
history museum of
Ukraine and its affiliates
162 93
6 7 655 107
086 5 639 6 583
2. Army of the Armed
Forces of Ukraine 35 629 12 402 34 329 12
262 1 073
3. Air Force of the
Armed Forces of Ukraine 45 411 13 836 29 717 8 896 1 350
4. Navy Armed Forc-
es of Ukraine 8 331 3 540 3 534 910 90
ПАМ’ЯТКИ ІСТОРІІ ТА КУЛЬТУРИ
ПИТАННЯ ІСТОРІІ НАУКИ І ТЕХНІКИ 2014 № 3 57
5.
General Directorate
of Defense Intelligence of
Ukraine
1 379 1 063 905 156 70
6.
Department of Mil-
itary Education and Sci-
ence of the Ministry of
Defense of Ukraine
3 235 1 451 3 032 1 025 119
7. National Defense
University of Ukraine 3 500 1 800 2 600 1 700 120
8.
The Communica-
tions Troops of the Armed
Forces of Ukraine
5 650 1 900 5 650 1 900 240
9.
Main Directorate
for work with personnel of
the Armed Forces of
Ukraine
6 486 3 427 3 243 1 720 229
Total number of visitors 272
557 47 074 190
096
34
208 9 874
The number of visitors the first position occupied by the National military history mu-
seum of Ukraine and its affiliates, the percentage of which is 59.7%. Fig. 3 shows the general
quantitative visiting of military museums (museum formations) in 2012.
Fig.3. Total number of visitors to military museums (museum
formations)
in 2012.
2,4%
2,1%1,3%1,2%
0,5%
3,1%
16,7%
13,0%
59,7%
National military history museum of Ukraine and its affiliates
Army of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Air Force of the Armed
Navy Armed Forces of Ukraine
General Directorate of Defense Intelligence of Ukraine
Department of Military Education and Science of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine
National Defense University of Ukraine
The Communications Troops of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Main Directorate for work with personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
In Fig. 4 shows the quantitative of military personnel visiting museums (museum forma-
tions) in 2012.
ПАМ’ЯТКИ ІСТОРІІ ТА КУЛЬТУРИ
ПИТАННЯ ІСТОРІІ НАУКИ І ТЕХНІКИ 2014 № 3 58
Fig. 4. Total number of military visitors in 2012.
7,3%
4,0%3,8%
3,1%
2,3%
7,5%
29,4%
26,4%
16,3%
National military history museum of Ukraine and its affiliates
Army of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Air Force of the Armed
Navy Armed Forces of Ukraine
General Directorate of Defense Intelligence of Ukraine
Department of Military Education and Science of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine
National Defense University of Ukraine
The Communications Troops of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Main Directorate for work with personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
In 2012, it carried out 9874 excursions, which served 190,096 people (including 34,208
military). The percentages for the excursions to the military museums in 2012 summarized in
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. The number of excursions in 2012.
2,3%2,4%1,2%1,2%
0,7%
0,9%
13,7%
10,9%
66,7%
National military history museum of Ukraine and its affiliates
Army of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Navy Armed Forces of Ukraine
General Directorate of Defense Intelligence of Ukraine
Department of Military Education and Science of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine
National Defense University of Ukraine
The Communications Troops of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Main Directorate for work with personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
The dynamics of these indicators reflect minor fluctuations of the total number of visitors,
including military personnel.
The overall dynamics of visits to museums, including military personnel, and conducting
excursions by years shown in Fig. 6.
ПАМ’ЯТКИ ІСТОРІІ ТА КУЛЬТУРИ
ПИТАННЯ ІСТОРІІ НАУКИ І ТЕХНІКИ 2014 № 3 59
112220 103824
148417
231775
294266
270714
156
50371 45673 36794 51892 88532 80787
3
5480 13981 5560 7115 8356 9780
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
2003 2004 2005 2007 2008 2009 20
T t l b f i it I l di ilit C dIt’s known that in the organization of museums in the country, there are many unsolved problems.
Due to this fact, March 30, 2002 the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine adopts the Resolution "On
approval of the Programme for museum development for the period until 2005", which defined the
main goal of this program, namely the expansion of the network of museums, strengthening their
material and technical base, providing protection and preservation of the museum's state, working
in museums of modern automated information technology, the use of museum acquisitions for the
formation of national pride of the people, the level of education and culture in the country. The con-
tent of the adopted Programme has identified key areas for further development of museums in the
Ministry of Defense of Ukraine [7].
To improve the organization of the military museums, uniting their efforts in the development
of museums in the Armed Forces of our country, as well as to increase the role of museums in the
military-patriotic education of soldiers and citizens of Ukraine decision participants of the scien-
tific-practical conference of workers military museums' "Organization of activities and prospects of
military museums and rooms combat and labor glory in the Armed Forces of Ukraine" dated 30
May 2002 was founded" Association of military museums." Established Association intended to
contribute to the further development of military-historical museums, museology and military-
historical science, to represent the interests of its members in government agencies, departments
and organizations to protect the rights of museum institutions and their employees, to ensure com-
munication with the public. Unfortunately, this Association today almost no effect and does not
have a statute [3, pp 194-211].
The foregoing shows that during the late 90s XX - beginning of XXI century in Ukraine
created the legal framework that regulates social relations in the military museum work, estab-
lishes the legal, economic and social foundations of scientific acquisition, research, preserva-
tion and use of attractions material and spiritual culture of the military museum institutions.
Adopted the legal framework of the state in the field of museum policy aims to ensure condi-
tions of effective work of museums, the further development of their networks, the develop-
ПАМ’ЯТКИ ІСТОРІІ ТА КУЛЬТУРИ
ПИТАННЯ ІСТОРІІ НАУКИ І ТЕХНІКИ 2014 № 3 60
ment and implementation of regional and local government programs, museum development,
promotion of international cooperation [2, pp 16-17].
Thus, the processes of transformation of economic, political and social priorities in modern
Ukraine accompanied by the awakening of national consciousness and the revival of the tradi-
tions of military on the basis of military-historical heritage. Under these conditions, especially
important to the process of learning and understanding the existing military-historical experi-
ence for the planning of training of the younger generation and the military on the glorious
military traditions of the Ukrainian army [8, pp 3-4].
Analysis of the military-historical museums of the Armed Forces of Ukraine indicate an
increase in their influence on improving the morale of military groups, military education, the
younger of the younger generation on the military traditions of the Ukrainian army, as well as
multiplication and preservation of the national military-patriotic heritage. The most important
role of the military museums, as well as all military-historical monuments, that they contribute
to the approval of the glorious military traditions troops, patriotic education of citizens, espe-
cially young people, to increase the cultural and educational level of both military personnel
and other categories of Ukrainian citizens.
In our time, the military-historical museums should operate professionally and competi-
tively. The activities of these museums should maintain a positive image in their citizens, to be
popular and in demand.
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Мащталір В.В. Військово-історичні музеї України: історико-статистичний ас-
пект. У статті висвітлено результати діяльності військово-історичних музеїв
України через характеристику їх фондів та екскурсійну роботу.
Ключові слова: музей, військовий музей, музейна справа, колекції
Машталир В.В. Военно-исторические музеи Украины: историко-статис-тический
аспект. В статье освещены результаты деятельности военно-исторических музеев Ук-
раины через характеристику их фондов та экскурсионную работу.
Ключевые слова: музей, военный музей, музейное дело, коллекции
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