Small-size 2.5 MeV electron accelerator with local radiation shielding
A novel design of a 2.5 MeV small-size linear electron accelerator with local radiation shielding is presented in the paper. The accelerator is intended for the use in mobile introscopic facilities. The main design approaches, weight / dimensions and results of factory tests are given.
Збережено в:
| Дата: | 2001 |
|---|---|
| Автори: | , , , , , , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | English |
| Опубліковано: |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2001
|
| Назва видання: | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| Онлайн доступ: | http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/78368 |
| Теги: |
Додати тег
Немає тегів, Будьте першим, хто поставить тег для цього запису!
|
| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | Small-size 2.5 MeV electron accelerator with local radiation shielding / Yu.N. Gavrish, A.P.Klinov, A.S. Krestianinov, V.M. Nikolaev, L.P. Fomin, H.A. Linkenbach, G. Geus, W. Knospel // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 5. — С. 9-11. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| id |
irk-123456789-78368 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
irk-123456789-783682015-03-16T03:01:47Z Small-size 2.5 MeV electron accelerator with local radiation shielding Gavrish, Yu.N. Klinov, A.P. Krestianinov, A.S. Nikolaev, V.M. Fomin, L.P. Linkenbach, H.A. Geus, G. Knospel, W. A novel design of a 2.5 MeV small-size linear electron accelerator with local radiation shielding is presented in the paper. The accelerator is intended for the use in mobile introscopic facilities. The main design approaches, weight / dimensions and results of factory tests are given. 2001 Article Small-size 2.5 MeV electron accelerator with local radiation shielding / Yu.N. Gavrish, A.P.Klinov, A.S. Krestianinov, V.M. Nikolaev, L.P. Fomin, H.A. Linkenbach, G. Geus, W. Knospel // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 5. — С. 9-11. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 29.17.+w http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/78368 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| description |
A novel design of a 2.5 MeV small-size linear electron accelerator with local radiation shielding is presented in the paper. The accelerator is intended for the use in mobile introscopic facilities. The main design approaches, weight / dimensions and results of factory tests are given. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Gavrish, Yu.N. Klinov, A.P. Krestianinov, A.S. Nikolaev, V.M. Fomin, L.P. Linkenbach, H.A. Geus, G. Knospel, W. |
| spellingShingle |
Gavrish, Yu.N. Klinov, A.P. Krestianinov, A.S. Nikolaev, V.M. Fomin, L.P. Linkenbach, H.A. Geus, G. Knospel, W. Small-size 2.5 MeV electron accelerator with local radiation shielding Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| author_facet |
Gavrish, Yu.N. Klinov, A.P. Krestianinov, A.S. Nikolaev, V.M. Fomin, L.P. Linkenbach, H.A. Geus, G. Knospel, W. |
| author_sort |
Gavrish, Yu.N. |
| title |
Small-size 2.5 MeV electron accelerator with local radiation shielding |
| title_short |
Small-size 2.5 MeV electron accelerator with local radiation shielding |
| title_full |
Small-size 2.5 MeV electron accelerator with local radiation shielding |
| title_fullStr |
Small-size 2.5 MeV electron accelerator with local radiation shielding |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Small-size 2.5 MeV electron accelerator with local radiation shielding |
| title_sort |
small-size 2.5 mev electron accelerator with local radiation shielding |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2001 |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/78368 |
| citation_txt |
Small-size 2.5 MeV electron accelerator with local radiation shielding / Yu.N. Gavrish, A.P.Klinov, A.S. Krestianinov, V.M. Nikolaev, L.P. Fomin, H.A. Linkenbach, G. Geus, W. Knospel // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 5. — С. 9-11. — англ. |
| series |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT gavrishyun smallsize25mevelectronacceleratorwithlocalradiationshielding AT klinovap smallsize25mevelectronacceleratorwithlocalradiationshielding AT krestianinovas smallsize25mevelectronacceleratorwithlocalradiationshielding AT nikolaevvm smallsize25mevelectronacceleratorwithlocalradiationshielding AT fominlp smallsize25mevelectronacceleratorwithlocalradiationshielding AT linkenbachha smallsize25mevelectronacceleratorwithlocalradiationshielding AT geusg smallsize25mevelectronacceleratorwithlocalradiationshielding AT knospelw smallsize25mevelectronacceleratorwithlocalradiationshielding |
| first_indexed |
2025-07-06T02:29:23Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-07-06T02:29:23Z |
| _version_ |
1836862892605964288 |
| fulltext |
SMALL-SIZE 2.5 MEV ELECTRON ACCELERATOR WITH
LOCAL RADIATION SHIELDING
Yu.N. Gavrish, A.P.Klinov, A.S. Krestianinov, V.M. Nikolaev, L.P. Fomin, H.A. Linken-
bach1, G. Geus1, W. Knospel1
Scientific Production Complex of Linear Accelerator and Cyclotron
of the Efremov Scientific Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus
(NPK LUTS NIIEFA)
St. Petersburg, Metallostroy, Sovetsky prosp. 1, Russia
E-mail: NPK LUTS@ NIIEFA.SP.SU
1 HEIMANN Sistems GmbH
A novel design of a 2.5 MeV small-size linear electron accelerator with local radiation shielding is presented in the
paper. The accelerator is intended for the use in mobile introscopic facilities. The main design approaches, weight /
dimensions and results of factory tests are given.
PACS number: 29.17.+w
A small-size 2.5 MeV linear electron accelerator for
the X-ray dose rate up to 0.5 Gy/min with local radia-
tion shielding is intended for the use in mobile intro-
scopic facilities for non-destructive inspection of metal
structures under field conditions as well as for customs
inspection of cargoes transported by land, air and sea.
Proceeding from the requirement of the inspection
system mobility, a series of rather stringent require-
ments should be met when designing the facilities to be
used without additional radiation shielding and under
all-weather conditions:
- minimum weight and dimensions of the accelerator
components;
- local radiation shielding;
- vibration strength up to 2 g;
- ambient temperature from -25°C to + 45°C and hu-
midity from 5% to 95%.
The accelerator consists of an irradiator, magnetron
modulator, heat exchanger unit and control system; and
all these accelerator components can be located on chas-
sis of a truck.
Main performances of the accelerator:
Energy of electrons in the nominal mode, MeV.……2.5
X-ray dose rate 1m from target, Gy/min…….. up to 0.5
Effective focus spot diameter on target, mm…. no more
than 2
Dose rate of X-ray radiation leakage 1m from irradiator
jacket with closed collimator, µSv/hour………. no more
than 5
Nominal operating conditions of the accelerator:
- magnetron pulse power - 1.8 MW;
- pulse repetition rate - 300Hz
When implementing the project, much attention was
paid to the design of the irradiator and especially the de-
signing of radiation shielding, the component upon
which primarily weight and dimensions of the irradiator
depend.
When computing the local radiation shielding, we
used the Monte Carlo method for simulation of X-ray
photon absorption. The main criterion was the require-
ment of minimum weight and dimensions of the irradia-
tor with minimum leakage dose rate (no more than 5 µ
Sv/hour in any point of 4π angle 1 m from the irradiator
jacket with closed collimator slit). Several versions of
the radiation shielding were computed with various lay-
outs of the irradiator units, and different shielding con-
figurations and materials were considered. Radiation
losses in the design elements were taken into account.
As the basic version we have taken a block design of
the radiation shielding in which tungsten, lead and steel
were used. Such a design of the shielding ensures free
access to the electron gun, X-ray target and other units
for maintenance/repair works in the process of opera-
tion. For example, when replacing the target, the slit
collimator is removed from the central block of the radi-
ation shielding; and when replacing the electron gun,
the radiation shielding of the gun is rotated through 90°
(Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Radiation shielding.
Inside the radiation shielding located are: the elec-
tron gun, accelerating structure and target. The waveg-
uide line, feeding RF power to the accelerating struc-
ture, and vacuum pumping collector are connected to
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2001. №5.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (39), с. 9-11.
9
Radiation shielding
of the RF power
input.
Radiation
shielding of the
electron gun.
Central block of
the radiation
shielding.
the accelerating structure through the labyrinths made in
the radiation shielding. Cable feeding the electron gun is
also installed in these labyrinths. The equipment enu-
merated above as well as the unit of pulse transformer
with a magnetron located outside the radiation shielding
is housed inside a cabinet. To ensure proper temperature
inside the cabinet (from 5°C to 30°C) when the acceler-
ator operates under all-weather conditions, the cabinet is
ventilated with air supplied from the air-conditioning
system.
As a result of such an integrated design approach,
we succeeded in constructing rather a compact irradiator
with dimensions of 850·700·975 mm and 1480 kg in
weight (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2. Irradiator.
The magnetron modulator is intended for supplying
pulse power to the magnetron and electron gun. A single
pulse forming line (PFN), discharging through a thyra-
tron switch, is used for energy storage and pulse forma-
tion. Present-day electronic components applied in the
modulator allowed reduction of its dimensions and
weight.
The equipment of the modulator is housed in a cabi-
net, which, similar to the irradiator, is ventilated with air
supplied from the air conditioning system to maintain
constant temperature and humidity.
Dimensions of the modulator cabinet are:
850·600·1375 mm, weight – 425 kg (Fig. 3).
On the strength of the mobility requirement, when
designing the irradiator and modulator much attention
was given to the vibration strength of the equipment in-
stalled in the cabinets.
To maintain a specified temperature of the accelerat-
ing structure and magnetron over a wide temperature
range (from -25°C to +45°C) a refrigerating unit of the
RITTAL firm model Best Nr SK 3335.075 is used. An
inhibited antifreeze, with the freezing temperature of
-30°C, is used as a cooling liquid. Necessary tempera-
ture monitoring and diagnostics of the status of the re-
frigerating unit are performed with a microprocessor.
Fig. 3. Magnetron Modulator.
Comprehensive tests of the accelerator confirmed
that parameters obtained comply with specified ones.
Below given are the radiation parameters for the nomi-
nal operating conditions of the accelerator.
Electron energy in nominal mode, MeV……….…..2.5
X-ray dose rate 1m from target, Gy/min……..up to 0.5
Dose rate stability on the central axis, %…… ……2.2
Effective diameter of focus spot on target, mm…..
no more than 2
Fig. 4. Schematic of X-ray leakage measurements.
When testing the accelerator, special attention was
given to measurements of X-ray radiation leakage, i.e.
quality of the radiation shielding. Leakage dose rate was
measured with the output collimator closed in 15 points
10
shown on the schematic diagram of the irradiator
(Fig. 4) 1m from the irradiator jacket. The measure-
ments were done at 2.5 MeV energy of electrons and
20 µA average current of accelerated electrons.
Averaged results of the measurements are tabulated
below:
№ of
point
1 2 3 4 5
D(µ
Sv/ho
ur)
0.875 1.74 2.03 0.503 1.9
№ of
point
6 7 8 9 10
D(µ
Sv/ho
ur)
2.19 0.62 0.364 0.367 0.74
№ of
point
11 12 13 14 15
D(µ 0.718 0.701 0.05 0.14 0.47
Sv/ho
ur)
Note: points 10, 11, 12 are located in the upper part of
the irradiator; points 13, 14, 15 are located at the bottom
of the irradiator.
The results of leakage measurements indicate rather
good coincidence with the calculated data. It is seen
from the table that the X-ray radiation leakage is more
than half as much as an allowable value even in the
most “dangerous” directions (points 2, 3, 5, 6) where
labyrinths for connection of vacuum pumping elements,
waveguide line, water cooling system and cables to the
accelerating structure are provided in the radiation
shielding. In other directions the thickness of the radia-
tion shielding walls ensures even the higher attenuation
of radiation.
Thus, the results of testing the prototype of the
small-size accelerator with local radiation shielding
have demonstrated that the machine may go into small-
scale production.
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2001. №5.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (39), с. 11-11.
11
|