Unified 1.9…4.0 MeV linear accelerators with interchangeable accelerating structures for customs inspection
A series of compact linear electron accelerators for 1.9, 2.5 and 4.0 MeV equipped with a local radiation shielding has been designed and constructed in the NPK LUTS, the D.V. Efremov Institute (NIIEFA). The accelerators are intended for mobile facilities used for customs inspection of large-scale...
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| Zitieren: | Unified 1.9…4.0 MeV linear accelerators with interchangeable accelerating structures for customs inspection / A.A. Budtov, A.P. Klinov, A.S. Krestianinov, A.V. Ryabtsov, S.Yu. Udovichenko // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2004. — № 1. — С. 10-12. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-784722015-03-19T03:02:39Z Unified 1.9…4.0 MeV linear accelerators with interchangeable accelerating structures for customs inspection Budtov, A.A. Klinov, A.P. Krestianinov, A.S. Ryabtsov, A.V. Udovichenko, S.Yu. Состояние действующих и проекты новых ускорителей A series of compact linear electron accelerators for 1.9, 2.5 and 4.0 MeV equipped with a local radiation shielding has been designed and constructed in the NPK LUTS, the D.V. Efremov Institute (NIIEFA). The accelerators are intended for mobile facilities used for customs inspection of large-scale containers. Results of optimizing calculations of irradiator parameters and electron dynamics, verified under accelerators’ testing, are presented in the report. The main design approaches allowing the construction of unified accelerators with interchangeable accelerating structures for energies in the range of 1.9…4.0 MeV are also given. У НПК ЛУЦ НІІЕФА розроблені і виготовлені кілька моделей компактних лінійних прискорювачів електронів на енергії 1.9, 2.5, і 4.0 МеВ, що призначені для митного огляду великогабаритних контейнерів. Особливістю розробки є уніфікація вузлів прискорювача, що дозволила при використанні взаємозамінних структур, що прискорюють, у тому самому конструктивному виконанні одержувати прискорені електрони з енергією у діапазоні 1.9…4.0 МеВ. Приведено результати оптимізації параметрів опромінення, що підтверджені при іспиті прискорювачів. В НПК ЛУЦ НИИЭФА разработаны и изготовлены несколько моделей компактных линейных ускорителей электронов на энергии 1.9, 2.5, и 4.0 МэВ, которые предназначены для таможенного досмотра крупногабаритных контейнеров. Особенностью разработки является унификация узлов ускорителя, что позволило при использовании взаимозаменяемых ускоряющих структур в одном и том же конструктивном исполнении получать ускоренные электроны с энергий в диапазоне 1.9…4.0 МэВ. Приведены результаты оптимизации параметров облучения, которые подтверждены при испытании ускорителя. 2004 Article Unified 1.9…4.0 MeV linear accelerators with interchangeable accelerating structures for customs inspection / A.A. Budtov, A.P. Klinov, A.S. Krestianinov, A.V. Ryabtsov, S.Yu. Udovichenko // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2004. — № 1. — С. 10-12. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 29.17.+w http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/78472 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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Состояние действующих и проекты новых ускорителей Состояние действующих и проекты новых ускорителей |
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Состояние действующих и проекты новых ускорителей Состояние действующих и проекты новых ускорителей Budtov, A.A. Klinov, A.P. Krestianinov, A.S. Ryabtsov, A.V. Udovichenko, S.Yu. Unified 1.9…4.0 MeV linear accelerators with interchangeable accelerating structures for customs inspection Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description |
A series of compact linear electron accelerators for 1.9, 2.5 and 4.0 MeV equipped with a local radiation shielding has been designed and constructed in the NPK LUTS, the D.V. Efremov Institute (NIIEFA). The accelerators
are intended for mobile facilities used for customs inspection of large-scale containers. Results of optimizing calculations of irradiator parameters and electron dynamics, verified under accelerators’ testing, are presented in the report. The main design approaches allowing the construction of unified accelerators with interchangeable accelerating structures for energies in the range of 1.9…4.0 MeV are also given. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Budtov, A.A. Klinov, A.P. Krestianinov, A.S. Ryabtsov, A.V. Udovichenko, S.Yu. |
| author_facet |
Budtov, A.A. Klinov, A.P. Krestianinov, A.S. Ryabtsov, A.V. Udovichenko, S.Yu. |
| author_sort |
Budtov, A.A. |
| title |
Unified 1.9…4.0 MeV linear accelerators with interchangeable accelerating structures for customs inspection |
| title_short |
Unified 1.9…4.0 MeV linear accelerators with interchangeable accelerating structures for customs inspection |
| title_full |
Unified 1.9…4.0 MeV linear accelerators with interchangeable accelerating structures for customs inspection |
| title_fullStr |
Unified 1.9…4.0 MeV linear accelerators with interchangeable accelerating structures for customs inspection |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Unified 1.9…4.0 MeV linear accelerators with interchangeable accelerating structures for customs inspection |
| title_sort |
unified 1.9…4.0 mev linear accelerators with interchangeable accelerating structures for customs inspection |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2004 |
| topic_facet |
Состояние действующих и проекты новых ускорителей |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/78472 |
| citation_txt |
Unified 1.9…4.0 MeV linear accelerators with interchangeable accelerating structures for customs inspection / A.A. Budtov, A.P. Klinov, A.S. Krestianinov, A.V. Ryabtsov, S.Yu. Udovichenko // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2004. — № 1. — С. 10-12. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| fulltext |
UNIFIED 1.9…4.0 MeV LINEAR ACCELERATORS WITH
INTERCHANGEABLE ACCELERATING STRUCTURES
FOR CUSTOMS INSPECTION
A.A. Budtov, A.P. Klinov, A.S. Krestianinov, A.V. Ryabtsov, S.Yu. Udovichenko
The Scientific Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus, Scientific Production Complex
of Linear Accelerators and Cyclotrons, Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
E-mail: npkluts@niiefa.spb.su
A series of compact linear electron accelerators for 1.9, 2.5 and 4.0 MeV equipped with a local radiation shield-
ing has been designed and constructed in the NPK LUTS, the D.V. Efremov Institute (NIIEFA). The accelerators
are intended for mobile facilities used for customs inspection of large-scale containers. Results of optimizing calcu-
lations of irradiator parameters and electron dynamics, verified under accelerators’ testing, are presented in the re-
port. The main design approaches allowing the construction of unified accelerators with interchangeable accelerat-
ing structures for energies in the range of 1.9…4.0 MeV are also given.
PACS: 29.17.+w
The main specific feature of these accelerators is the
use of identical structural elements such as high-voltage
modulator, control system, radiation shielding and heat
exchanger. The machines differ only in standing wave
accelerating structures, being a component of the irradi-
ator unit. Outline dimensions of the structures are the
same, which allows us to choose a required energy by
installation of a proper structure in the irradiator with
the rest units unchanged.
The accelerating structures are of equal length (∼
290 mm) and differ only in the geometry of cells in the
main accelerating part. The total number of cells in each
structure amounts to 15; and to make simpler the design
of cooling casing, RF power is put in through the last
cell № 15. Bunchers optimized for the results of per-
formed calculations of longitudinal and transverse dy-
namics are identical in all the structures and consist of
nine cylindrical cells with azimuth coupling slots.
Cell № 10 is a matching cell. Its length is different
in different structures and is chosen so that a bunch of
electrons is placed in the field maximum in the main ac-
celerating part.
The main accelerating part in all the structures com-
prises cells from the 11th to the 15th. Passing through this
part electrons acquire the energy gain, which under
equal power of the RF generator (1.8 MW) and beam
current (0.02 A) differs drastically, approximately from
1 to 3 MeV depending on the model. This can be ac-
complished, in particular, by intentional lowering Q-fac-
tor and shunt-impedance of accelerating cells at low en-
ergies and by increasing these parameters at an energy
of 4.0 MeV. To this end, the cylindrical geometry has
been chosen for cells of the main accelerating part for
1.9 MeV and 2.5 MeV models. The heights of accelerat-
ing cells and coupling cells are 10 mm and 32 mm for
the 1.9 MeV model and 15 mm and 28 m for the
2.5 MeV model, respectively. In the 4 MeV accelerator,
38 mm accelerating cells are of U-shape geometry. Cou-
pling cells with the minimum length of 4.0 mm keep
more traditional cylindrical geometry. In spite of high
accelerating fields (up to 40 MV/m at 1.9 MeV), no
HV-breakdowns were observed during RF-processing
of accelerating structures due to low overvoltage ratio
and use of an ion pump with a pumping speed of 16
l/sec.
The performed optimization allowed us to attain
up to 90% capture of particles in the acceleration mode
at a diameter of accelerated beam less than 2 mm. In
this case the beam focusing was done with only RF ac-
celerating field without any focusing coils. The field
amplitude over the buncher length was increased by a
factor of 23 at a zero beam current.
The calculation curves describing the accelerating
field distribution, electron energy and radial distribu-
tions of 1.9 and 4.0 MeV particles are shown in Fig.1,2.
Data on the particle capture and the beam radius have
been experimentally verified; however, no energy spec-
trum measurements were made. Measured X-ray dose
rate at 1 m distance from the target for the 4 MeV ener-
gy was 0.4 Gy/min; the dose rate stability within 2 min-
utes was at a level of 2.2%.
At the customer’s request, facilities for customs in-
spection must be equipped with a local radiation shield-
ing. Block design of the radiation shielding made of
tungsten, lead and steel allows easy access to the elec-
tron source, X-ray target, RF feedthrough and other
components for maintenance in the process of operation
(Fig.3).
Detailed computations of the shielding by the
Monte-Carlo method taking into account X-ray radia-
tion and photon scattering have allowed us to find an
optimal configuration of radiation shielding blocks. Ra-
diation background in any point at a 1m distance from
the irradiator was measured for electron energy
2.5 MeV with a closed collimator aperture. The mea-
surements have demonstrated that the leakage dose rate
was no more than 2 µSv/h (specified 5 µSv/h) [2].
All the accelerators also meet the vibration resis-
tance requirements, and due to the available condition-
ing system can operate under “all-weather” conditions.
Another factor of primary importance for a trans-
portable facility is minimization of its weight and over-
all dimensions. As a result of integrated design ap-
proach, taking into account diversity of requirements,
we succeeded in creation of a rather compact 1480 kg
irradiator (the shielding included) with dimensions 850×
700×975 mm (Fig.4). Inside the modulator cabinet the
equipment of pulse forming network is located.
__________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2004. № 1.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (42), p. 10-12.10
mailto:npkluts@niiefa.spb.su
a b c
Fig.1. 1.9 MeV beam distributions: a - accelerating field; b- particle
density in the transverse plane; c - energy spectrum
a b c
Fig.2. 4 MeV beam distributions: a - accelerating field; b - particle
density in the transverse plane; c - energy spectrum
Modern electronic components applied in the modulator
enabled the reduction of its weight and dimensions. The
modulator cabinet is sealed; constant temperature and
humidity conditions are kept inside it, as well as in the
irradiator, due to air supplied from a conditioner. The
modulator cabinet sizes are: 850×600×1375 mm; the
weight amounts to 425 kg.
For temperature stabilization in the accelerating
structure and magnetron (over a wide range of tempera-
tures -25…+45°C), the ALIZE 3 SP refrigerator of the
DELTA PROCESS firm is used. Inhibited antifreeze
with a freezing temperature of -30°C is used as a cool-
ing liquid.
Fig.3 Radiation shielding
After manufacturing the equipment of the 2.5 MeV
accelerator, factory tests and tests at the Customer’s site
were carried out. The tests demonstrated that:
Fig.4. Irradiator
• the accelerator is made at a modern state of the
art; the results of leakage radiation measure-
ments points to high accuracy of the local
shielding computations;
• measured parameters of the accelerator meet the
requirements imposed on customs inspection fa-
cilities.
All said above makes it possible to claim that nowa-
days NPK LUTS, NIIEFA can design and construct
compact linear electron accelerators for customs inspec-
tion with a high quality of the accelerated beam. All the
accelerators in the aforementioned range of energy are
manufactured on the basis of unified documentation in
one and the same design, which makes possible to sig-
nificantly reduce terms of their manufacturing and cost.
11
REFERENCES
1. A.V. Baklanov, Yu.N. Gavrish, A.P. Klinov,
A.S.Krestianinov, V.M. Nikolaev, L.P. Fomin //
2.5 MeV compact linear electron accelerator with
local radiation shielding for customs inspection of
cargoes transported by roads: Reports of the 10th In-
ternational Conference on Applied Charged
Particle Accelerators in Medicine and Industry, St.-
Petersburg, 2001, p.179-183.
2. A.V.Baklanov, Yu.N.Gavrish, L.Z.Kavalerchik,
A.S.Krestianinov. Testing Results of a 2.5 MeV
Compact Electron Linac for Customs Inspection of
Cargoes// Ibid, p.174-178.
УНИФИЦИРОВАННЫЙ ЛИНЕЙНЫЙ УСКОРИТЕЛЬ СО СМЕННЫМИ УСКОРЯЮЩИМИ
СТРУКТУРАМИ В ДИАПАЗОНЕ ЭНЕРГИЙ 1.9…4.0 МэВ,
ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМЫЙ ДЛЯ ТАМОЖЕННОГО КОНТРОЛЯ
А.А. Будтов, А.П. Клинов, А.С. Крестьянинов, А.В. Рябцов, С.Ю. Удовиченко
В НПК ЛУЦ НИИЭФА разработаны и изготовлены несколько моделей компактных линейных ускори-
телей электронов на энергии 1.9, 2.5, и 4.0 МэВ, которые предназначены для таможенного досмотра крупно-
габаритных контейнеров. Особенностью разработки является унификация узлов ускорителя, что позволило
при использовании взаимозаменяемых ускоряющих структур в одном и том же конструктивном исполнении
получать ускоренные электроны с энергий в диапазоне 1.9…4.0 МэВ. Приведены результаты оптимизации
параметров облучения, которые подтверждены при испытании ускорителя.
УНІФІКОВАНИЙ ЛІНІЙНИЙ ПРИСКОРЮВАЧ ЗІ ЗМІННИМИ СТРУКТУРАМИ,
ЩО ПРИСКОРЮЮТЬ У ДІАПАЗОНІ ЕНЕРГІЙ 1.9…4.0 МеВ,
ВИКОРИСТОВУВАНИЙ ДЛЯ МИТНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ
А.А. Будтов, А.П. Клинов, А.С. Крестьянинов, А.В. Рябцов, С.Ю. Удовиченко
У НПК ЛУЦ НІІЕФА розроблені і виготовлені кілька моделей компактних лінійних прискорювачів
електронів на енергії 1.9, 2.5, і 4.0 МеВ, що призначені для митного огляду великогабаритних контейнерів.
Особливістю розробки є уніфікація вузлів прискорювача, що дозволила при використанні взаємозамінних
структур, що прискорюють, у тому самому конструктивному виконанні одержувати прискорені електрони з
енергією у діапазоні 1.9…4.0 МеВ. Приведено результати оптимізації параметрів опромінення, що
підтверджені при іспиті прискорювачів.
12
A.A. Budtov, A.P. Klinov, A.S. Krestianinov, A.V. Ryabtsov, S.Yu. Udovichenko
Fig.4. Irradiator
References
А.А. Будтов, А.П. Клинов, А.С. Крестьянинов, А.В. Рябцов, С.Ю. Удовиченко
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