An electron miniaccelerator on the basis of Tesla transformer for nondestructive testing of charged particle beams
An electron miniaccelerator on the basis of Tesla-transformer for nondestructive testing of charged particle beams with operating voltage 120…200 kV, half-wave duration 4 mks and diagnostic beam current within few mA is described. The primary circuit is switched by IGBT. The gun control and filame...
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| Zitieren: | An electron miniaccelerator on the basis of Tesla transformer for nondestructive testing of charged particle beams / V.E. Akimov, A.V. Bulatov, P.V. Logatchev, I.V. Kazarezov, A.A. Korepanov, D.A. Maljutin, A.A. Starostenko // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 2. — С. 97-99. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-788562015-03-23T03:02:06Z An electron miniaccelerator on the basis of Tesla transformer for nondestructive testing of charged particle beams Akimov, V.E. Bulatov, A.V. Logatchev, P.V. Kazarezov, I.V. Korepanov, A.A. Maljutin, D.A. Starostenko, A.A. Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц An electron miniaccelerator on the basis of Tesla-transformer for nondestructive testing of charged particle beams with operating voltage 120…200 kV, half-wave duration 4 mks and diagnostic beam current within few mA is described. The primary circuit is switched by IGBT. The gun control and filament circuit power supply (impregnated cathode with 1.2 mm diameter) are realized through high frequency isolated transformer. The accelerating tube is made of sectional welded metal ceramics insulator (ceramics 22HS with diameter 95/85 mm).The accelerator test results are presented. Описан миниускоритель электронов на основе трансформатора Тесла с рабочей амплитудой напряжения 120…200 кВ при длительности полуволны 4 мкс и током диагностичеcкого пучка в пределах нескольких мА. В качестве ключа первичного контура используется IGBT. Питание накала и цепей управления пушки (импрегнированный катод диаметром 1.2 мм) ускорителя осуществляется с помощью высокочастотного разделительного трансформатора броневого типа. Металлокерамический узел выполнен на базе керамики 22ХС диаметром 95/85 мм, соединяемой с электродами термокомпрессионной сваркой. Приведены результаты испытаний миниускорителя. Описано мініприскорювач електронів на основі трансформатора Тесла з робочою амплітудою напруги 120...200 кВ при тривалості напівхвилі 4 мкс і струмом діагностичного пучка в межах декількох мА. Як ключ первинного контуру використається ІGBT. Живлення розжарення й ланцюгів керування пушки (імпрегнований катод діаметром 1.2 мм) прискорювача здійснюється за допомогою високочастотного розділового трансформатора броньового типу. Металокерамічний вузол виконаний на базі кераміки 22ХС діаметром 95/85 мм, що з'єднує з електродами термокомпресіонним зварюванням. Наведено результати випробувань мініприскорювача. 2006 Article An electron miniaccelerator on the basis of Tesla transformer for nondestructive testing of charged particle beams / V.E. Akimov, A.V. Bulatov, P.V. Logatchev, I.V. Kazarezov, A.A. Korepanov, D.A. Maljutin, A.A. Starostenko // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 2. — С. 97-99. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 29.17.+w http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/78856 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц |
| spellingShingle |
Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц Akimov, V.E. Bulatov, A.V. Logatchev, P.V. Kazarezov, I.V. Korepanov, A.A. Maljutin, D.A. Starostenko, A.A. An electron miniaccelerator on the basis of Tesla transformer for nondestructive testing of charged particle beams Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description |
An electron miniaccelerator on the basis of Tesla-transformer for nondestructive testing of charged particle
beams with operating voltage 120…200 kV, half-wave duration 4 mks and diagnostic beam current within few mA
is described. The primary circuit is switched by IGBT. The gun control and filament circuit power supply (impregnated
cathode with 1.2 mm diameter) are realized through high frequency isolated transformer. The accelerating
tube is made of sectional welded metal ceramics insulator (ceramics 22HS with diameter 95/85 mm).The accelerator
test results are presented. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Akimov, V.E. Bulatov, A.V. Logatchev, P.V. Kazarezov, I.V. Korepanov, A.A. Maljutin, D.A. Starostenko, A.A. |
| author_facet |
Akimov, V.E. Bulatov, A.V. Logatchev, P.V. Kazarezov, I.V. Korepanov, A.A. Maljutin, D.A. Starostenko, A.A. |
| author_sort |
Akimov, V.E. |
| title |
An electron miniaccelerator on the basis of Tesla transformer for nondestructive testing of charged particle beams |
| title_short |
An electron miniaccelerator on the basis of Tesla transformer for nondestructive testing of charged particle beams |
| title_full |
An electron miniaccelerator on the basis of Tesla transformer for nondestructive testing of charged particle beams |
| title_fullStr |
An electron miniaccelerator on the basis of Tesla transformer for nondestructive testing of charged particle beams |
| title_full_unstemmed |
An electron miniaccelerator on the basis of Tesla transformer for nondestructive testing of charged particle beams |
| title_sort |
electron miniaccelerator on the basis of tesla transformer for nondestructive testing of charged particle beams |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2006 |
| topic_facet |
Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/78856 |
| citation_txt |
An electron miniaccelerator on the basis of Tesla transformer for nondestructive testing of charged particle beams / V.E. Akimov, A.V. Bulatov, P.V. Logatchev, I.V. Kazarezov, A.A. Korepanov,
D.A. Maljutin, A.A. Starostenko // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 2. — С. 97-99. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| fulltext |
AN ELECTRON MINIACCELERATOR ON THE BASIS OF TES-
LA TRANSFORMER FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF CHARGED
PARTICLE BEAMS
V.E. Akimov, A.V. Bulatov, P.V. Logatchev, I.V. Kazarezov, A.A. Korepanov,
D.A. Maljutin, A.A. Starostenko
Budker INP, Novosibirsk, Russia
An electron miniaccelerator on the basis of Tesla-transformer for nondestructive testing of charged particle
beams with operating voltage 120…200 kV, half-wave duration 4 mks and diagnostic beam current within few mA
is described. The primary circuit is switched by IGBT. The gun control and filament circuit power supply (impreg-
nated cathode with 1.2 mm diameter) are realized through high frequency isolated transformer. The accelerating
tube is made of sectional welded metal ceramics insulator (ceramics 22HS with diameter 95/85 mm).The accelerator
test results are presented.
PACS: 29.17.+w
1. INTRODUCTION
The development of accelerating technology leads to
increasing the role of non-destructive diagnostic meth-
ods of the electron beams. One of the perspective de-
vices which allows obtaining of spatial charge distribu-
tion and does not affect a bunch is a beam monitor. The
basic principle of its operations is the interaction of the
test low energy electron beam with electro-magnetic
field of ultrarelativistic charged particle bunch. The
bunch desired parameters are determined from the inter-
action results [1]. Along with accelerator beam intensity
increase, the necessity of testing beam energy raising is
appeared. For this purpose miniaccelerator with energy
up to 200 kV and high voltage generator based on Tesla
transformer was developed [2,3].
2. HIGH VOLTAGE GENERATOR BASED
ON TESLA TRANSFORMER
Tesla transformer represents two oscillatory induc-
tive couppled circuits with equal resonance frequencies.
The property of the ideal Tesla transformer is full ener-
gy transfer from primary circuit to the secondary at
fixed magnetic coupling coefficients of the coils equal
to 0.6, 0.385, 0.2, etc. The maximum efficiency is ob-
tained at coupling coefficient 0.6 because of dissipation
in the circuits. The advantages of the Tesla transformer
based generator compared to other types of generators
are:
– full energy transfer from the primary circuit to the sec-
ondary one at a given time moment;
– good coaxial configuration of the pressure vessel, pri-
mary and secondary windings and accelerating tube
simplifies high voltage generation at comparatively
low operating gradients and small-scale size of the ap-
paratus and provides shielding against external fields
on which the testing beam is sensitive;
– there is no closed magnetic core which fabrication is
frequently connected with a lot of technological prob-
lems;
– an up-to-date semiconductor basis allows compara-
tively easier realizing of primary circuit switch with
recuperation on single module.
3. SOURCE DESIGN
The Tesla transformer based accelerator design is
presented in Fig.1. The accelerator is placed in SF6
filled vessel 1 at a pressure 0.17 MPa. For better shield-
ing from external fields the vessel is made of steel ST3.
The primary circuit 2 is performed out of double layer
foil-clad glass-cloth laminate by printed circuit board
technology. The grounded shield is located at the inside
of the winding. To be penetrable to magnetic field, the
shield represents a set of 0.4 mm width tracks with
0.4 mm spacing between them. To increase the primary
winding rigidity it is reinforced by glass tissue and im-
pregnated by epoxy compound outside. At the same lo-
cation the magnetic core 3 made of ferrite bars provid-
ing required coupling coefficient 0.6 is assembled. The
secondary winding 4 (glass-epoxy skeleton) is winded
by wire PETVLK-0.21 possessing the best insulating
performance of Russian small cross-section wires. To
provide the stable operation of winding isolation at in-
evitable breakdowns the special protective shield 5 pen-
etrable to magnetic flux is used. The accelerating tube 6
is made of 22HS ceramics by thermal-compression
bonding technology [4]. An impregnated cathode of
1.2 mm diameter is used for the gun emitter. The beam
control is realized by diaphragmatic control electrode
(“grid”) of 0.6 mm in diameter.
The cathode heat and grid control unit is supplied by
the high voltage isolation transformer 8 [5] based on
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (46), p.97-99. 97
Fig.1. Testing electron miniaccelerator design.
1 pressure vessel; 2 – primary winding; 3 – ferrite
core; 4 – secondary winding; 5 – equipotential shield,
6 – accelerating tube; 7 – electron gun with control
electrode; 8 – power transfer transformer; 9 –
capacitive divider; 10 – vacuum pumping; 11 –
magnetic lens; 12 – electron beam line
E-shape cores. The unit is controlled by using optic
fiber cables laying along the accelerating tube. High
voltage pulse measurement is realized with the use of the
capacitive divider 9 which is assembled inside the vessel.
The vacuum volume (7) pumping is carried out by
ion pump with 7 l/s capability. The magnetic lens 11 fo-
cuses the beam up to specified size. For easy mainte-
nance with different beam monitors, a high vacuum gate
at the end of the beamline 12 is used.
Simulations performed with the computer codes
SAM, ULTRASAM [6] taking into account electron
thermal speed finally allow obtaining of an electron
beam of 0.15 mm in a radius at the distance 1m from the
cathode (see Fig.2).
4. MINIACCELERATOR SUPPLY
A simplified power supply circuit for the miniaccel-
erator is presented in Fig.3.
The primary circuit capacitance consists of 14 K78-
10 capacitors with rated value 0.15mkF each. IGBT
module is used as a switch. Primary and secondary volt-
age and current waveforms are shown in Fig.4.
The gun control electrode is triggered at a moment
when the whole energy is concentrated at the secondary
circuit capacitance. When a beam current pulse comes
to the end, the whole energy is transferred to the prima-
ry circuit capacitance through the diode D1 bypassing
IGBT. By this time IGBT is switched off and the whole
energy except a part took off by the beam and disap-
peared in the circuits, is concentrated at the capacitance
C1.
5. BEAM DIAGNOSTICS
An electron-optical system composed of a mi-
crochannel plate (MCP), a luminophor and CCD camera
is used for beam registration. Due to the fact that MCP
pulse voltage duration is about 30ns and beam current
duration is about 1 mks this system allows observing of
a beam part at an arbitrary time moment.
To amplify image brightness MCP is located close
to cathodoluminescent screen so that an electron image
transfer from MCP to the screen occurs in a uniform
electric field. In spite of large dispersion of initial elec-
tron energy leaving the channels, a spot on the lu-
minophor is weakly diffused. Camera converts the lu-
minophor image to the array of numbers and sends it to
a program which transforms this array into the image on
a PC monitor.
A tantalum plate loaded on 50 Ohm is used to mea-
sure the beam current value.
While source testing, the following results were ob-
tained:
1. Operational voltage 150 kV is defined by vacuum
isolation electrical strength. At this voltage and control
electrode voltage 120 V operational current about 1 mA
was achieved.
2. The beam autograph measured by the procedure
stated above is shown in Fig.5. According to the spot
88
Fig.2. Results of EOS simulation (trajectories of
electrons, at the right upper corner – current
density distribution and phase portrait of the beam
at a distance of 1m from the cathode)
Fig.3. Miniaccelerator power supply simplified
circuit
Fig. 5 Beam image with and without focusing
(energy 80 kV, control electrode voltage 20 V).
Focusing consists in lens (short solenoid) current
selection at which the spot size is minimum
Fig.4. The gun cathode voltage waveform (U2),
PT primary voltage waveform (U1), primary
circuit current waveform (I1)
size one can judge that the beam size with halo does not
exceed 1 mm.
REFERENCES
1. P.V. Logatchov, P.A. Bak, A.A. Starostenko et al.
Non-Destructiv Single Pass Monitor of Longitudi-
nal Charge Distribution. Proc. of HEACC2001.
2001, Epochal Tsukuba International Congress
Hall, Tsukuba, Japan.
2. S.B. Vasserman. Tesla transformer in high voltage
charged particles accelerators. Preprint INP,
Novosibirsk, 1977 (in Russian).
3. S.B. Vasserman, I.V. Kazarezov, V.Ph. Kupenko et
al. High voltage pulse electron accelerators of In-
stitute of nuclear physics (Novosibirsk) for indus-
trial and experimental purpose. Proc. of 4th All-
Union conference on charged particles accelerators.
1974, Moscow (in Russian).
4. Ju.D. Valyaev, I.V. Kazarezov, A.M. Kryuchkov.
Sectioned high voltage ceramic-metal isolators for
accelerator tubes: Preprint INP, 88-143, Novosi-
birsk, 1988 (in Russian).
5. Ju.D. Valyaev, I.V. Kazarezov, V.I. Kuznetsov et
al. Compact high frequency isolation transformer
for power supply of the equipment located at the
high voltage potential: Preprint INP, 89-160,
Novosibirsk, 1989 (in Russian).
6. A.V. Ivanov, M.A. Tiunov. ULTRASAM-2D Code
for Simulation of Electron Guns with Ultra High
Precision. Proc. of EPAC2002. Paris. 2002,
p.1634-1636.
МИНИУСКОРИТЕЛЬ ЭЛЕКТРОНОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ТРАНСФОРМАТОРА ТЕСЛА ДЛЯ НЕРАЗРУ-
ШАЮЩЕЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ПУЧКОВ ЗАРЯЖЕННЫХ ЧАСТИЦ
В.Е. Акимов, А.В. Булатов, П.В. Логачев, И.В. Казарезов, А.А. Корепанов, Д.А. Малютин,
А.А. Старостенко
Описан миниускоритель электронов на основе трансформатора Тесла с рабочей амплитудой напряжения
120…200 кВ при длительности полуволны 4 мкс и током диагностичеcкого пучка в пределах нескольких
мА. В качестве ключа первичного контура используется IGBT. Питание накала и цепей управления пушки
(импрегнированный катод диаметром 1.2 мм) ускорителя осуществляется с помощью высокочастотного раз-
делительного трансформатора броневого типа. Металлокерамический узел выполнен на базе керамики 22ХС
диаметром 95/85 мм, соединяемой с электродами термокомпрессионной сваркой. Приведены результаты ис-
пытаний миниускорителя.
МІНІПРИСКОРЮВАЧ ЕЛЕКТРОНІВ НА ОСНОВІ ТРАНСФОРМАТОРА ТЕСЛА ДЛЯ
НЕРУЙНУЮЧОЇ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ПУЧКІВ ЗАРЯДЖЕНИХ ЧАСТОК
В.Е. Акимов, А.В. Булатов, П.В. Логачьов, І.В. Казарезов, А.А. Корепанов, Д.А. Малютін,
А.А. Старостенко
Описано мініприскорювач електронів на основі трансформатора Тесла з робочою амплітудою напруги
120...200 кВ при тривалості напівхвилі 4 мкс і струмом діагностичного пучка в межах декількох мА. Як
ключ первинного контуру використається ІGBT. Живлення розжарення й ланцюгів керування пушки
(імпрегнований катод діаметром 1.2 мм) прискорювача здійснюється за допомогою високочастотного
розділового трансформатора броньового типу. Металокерамічний вузол виконаний на базі кераміки 22ХС
діаметром 95/85 мм, що з'єднує з електродами термокомпресіонним зварюванням. Наведено результати
випробувань мініприскорювача.
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (46), p.97-99. 97
МИНИУСКОРИТЕЛЬ ЭЛЕКТРОНОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ТРАНСФОРМАТОРА ТЕСЛА ДЛЯ НЕРАЗРУШАЮЩЕЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ПУЧКОВ ЗАРЯЖЕННЫХ ЧАСТИЦ
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