Project of deuteron accelerator based neutron source for rib production
The project of a high-intense neutron source for the SPES project in LNL, Legnaro, Italy [1] is developed. The source is based on the rotating carbon target. The target is bombarded by the deuteron beam with energy 20 MeV, diameter 1 cm, average power 100 kW. The target is cooled by its thermal radi...
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| Дата: | 2001 |
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| Формат: | Стаття |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2001
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| Назва видання: | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| Онлайн доступ: | http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/79028 |
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| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | Project of deuteron accelerator based neutron source for rib production / M.S. Avilov, K.V. Gubin, N.Kh. Kot, N.N. Lebedev, P.V. Logatchev, P.V. Martyshkin, S.N. Morozov, I.L. Pivovarov, S.V. Shiyankov, A.A. Starostenko, L. Tecchio // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 5. — С. 197-199. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-790282015-03-25T03:02:45Z Project of deuteron accelerator based neutron source for rib production Avilov, M.S. Gubin, K.V. Kot, N.Kh. Lebedev, N.N. Logatchev, P.V. Martyshkin, P.V. Morozov, S.N. Pivovarov, I.L. Shiyankov, S.V. Starostenko, A.A. Tecchio, L. The project of a high-intense neutron source for the SPES project in LNL, Legnaro, Italy [1] is developed. The source is based on the rotating carbon target. The target is bombarded by the deuteron beam with energy 20 MeV, diameter 1 cm, average power 100 kW. The target is cooled by its thermal radiation, and its temperature can reach 1800ºC. It is shown that high density graphite can be used as a material for neutron production. The source can produce up to 10¹⁴ neutrons per second with energy within few MeV - few dozens MeV range, its lifetime is around few thousand hours. 2001 Article Project of deuteron accelerator based neutron source for rib production / M.S. Avilov, K.V. Gubin, N.Kh. Kot, N.N. Lebedev, P.V. Logatchev, P.V. Martyshkin, S.N. Morozov, I.L. Pivovarov, S.V. Shiyankov, A.A. Starostenko, L. Tecchio // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 5. — С. 197-199. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS numbers: 29.25.Dz http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/79028 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| description |
The project of a high-intense neutron source for the SPES project in LNL, Legnaro, Italy [1] is developed. The source is based on the rotating carbon target. The target is bombarded by the deuteron beam with energy 20 MeV, diameter 1 cm, average power 100 kW. The target is cooled by its thermal radiation, and its temperature can reach 1800ºC. It is shown that high density graphite can be used as a material for neutron production. The source can produce up to 10¹⁴ neutrons per second with energy within few MeV - few dozens MeV range, its lifetime is around few thousand hours. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Avilov, M.S. Gubin, K.V. Kot, N.Kh. Lebedev, N.N. Logatchev, P.V. Martyshkin, P.V. Morozov, S.N. Pivovarov, I.L. Shiyankov, S.V. Starostenko, A.A. Tecchio, L. |
| spellingShingle |
Avilov, M.S. Gubin, K.V. Kot, N.Kh. Lebedev, N.N. Logatchev, P.V. Martyshkin, P.V. Morozov, S.N. Pivovarov, I.L. Shiyankov, S.V. Starostenko, A.A. Tecchio, L. Project of deuteron accelerator based neutron source for rib production Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| author_facet |
Avilov, M.S. Gubin, K.V. Kot, N.Kh. Lebedev, N.N. Logatchev, P.V. Martyshkin, P.V. Morozov, S.N. Pivovarov, I.L. Shiyankov, S.V. Starostenko, A.A. Tecchio, L. |
| author_sort |
Avilov, M.S. |
| title |
Project of deuteron accelerator based neutron source for rib production |
| title_short |
Project of deuteron accelerator based neutron source for rib production |
| title_full |
Project of deuteron accelerator based neutron source for rib production |
| title_fullStr |
Project of deuteron accelerator based neutron source for rib production |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Project of deuteron accelerator based neutron source for rib production |
| title_sort |
project of deuteron accelerator based neutron source for rib production |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2001 |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/79028 |
| citation_txt |
Project of deuteron accelerator based neutron source for rib production / M.S. Avilov, K.V. Gubin, N.Kh. Kot, N.N. Lebedev, P.V. Logatchev, P.V. Martyshkin, S.N. Morozov, I.L. Pivovarov, S.V. Shiyankov, A.A. Starostenko, L. Tecchio // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 5. — С. 197-199. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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PROJECT OF DEUTERON ACCELERATOR BASED
NEUTRON SOURCE FOR RIB PRODUCTION
M.S. Avilov1, K.V. Gubin1, N.Kh. Kot1, N.N. Lebedev1, P.V. Logatchev1, P.V. Martyshkin1,
S.N. Morozov1, I.L. Pivovarov1, S.V. Shiyankov1, A.A. Starostenko1, L. Tecchio2
1Budker Institute of Nuclear of Physics,
11, Ac. Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
2Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (LNL INFN),
Via Romea 4 35020 Legnaro (Padova) Italy
The project of a high-intense neutron source for the SPES project in LNL, Legnaro, Italy [1] is developed. The
source is based on the rotating carbon target. The target is bombarded by the deuteron beam with energy 20 MeV,
diameter 1 cm, average power 100 kW. The target is cooled by its thermal radiation, and its temperature can reach
18000C. It is shown that high density graphite can be used as a material for neutron production. The source can pro-
duce up to 1014 neutrons per second with energy within few MeV - few dozens MeV range, its lifetime is around few
thousand hours.
PACS numbers: 29.25.Dz
1 INTRODUCTION
To perform experiments with radioactive nuclides,
high-intensity (up to 1014 particles per second) source of
fast neutrons with a small transverse primary beam size
(around 1 cm) is required. This source can be based on
the target made of light materials (Li, Be, C) bombarded
by d beam. High beam power (100 kW) imposes essen-
tial restrictions on the selection of both materials and
target design. First, to increase the effective target area
for beam energy deposition, the target design with a mo-
bile operational area is required. Second, the design
with an operational area cooled by thermal radiation es-
sentially simplifies the target and makes it inexpensive,
reliable, and safe. High-density graphite seems to be the
most suitable material for this type of the target. At the
deuteron energy 10 - 20 MeV the main channel of neu-
tron production is the strip reaction. Spectral and angu-
lar distribution of neutrons can be evaluated by the
model proposed by R. Serber [2]. Results of these eval-
uations, taking into account the deceleration of
deuterons in thick graphite full-stop target [3, 4] are
well matched with the experimental data for various
deuteron energies [5]. This suggests that it is possible to
obtain up to 1014 neutrons per second in the deuteron
beam direction within the angle 40-500, when the thick
graphite target is bombarded by deuteron beam with
20 MeV energy and 5 mA mean current. Maximum of
energy spectrum is located near 6-7 MeV, its width
(FWHM) is around 10 MeV.
2 TARGET DESIGN
The proposed design of a neutron target represents
(Fig. 1) the ring assembled of graphite plates 3 cm in
width and 2 mm in thickness. Plates are set on the titani-
um disk 60 cm in diameter and 1 cm in thickness.
1
3 10
2
4
5
6 7
8
9
5 12
11
1
1
2
3
4 5
10
13
Fig. 1. Layout of the neutron target. 1 - graphite
plates; 2 - titanium disk; 3 - bolometer; 4 - shaft;
5 - bearings; 6 - vibration pick-up; 7 - magnetic
sensor of rotation; 8 - magnetic clutch; 9 - vacuum
chamber walls; 10 - cooling channels; 11 - capaci-
tance-type sensor; 12 - neutron beam output win-
dow; 13 – collimator.
The disk is set on the shaft 5 cm in diameter and ro-
tated with a frequency of 50 Hz. Input of rotation into
the vacuum volume is carried out by a magnetic clutch.
In order to increase the operational area, the deuteron
beam hits the graphite plate to the angle 200. Cooling of
the vacuum chamber walls is carried out by water, cir-
culating inside the cooling channels that are rigidly at-
tached to the chamber and performed as two semicir-
cles. Operational (beam) and diagnostic (bolometer) ar-
eas are placed in gaps of semicircles. Collimator, which
also acts as a deuteron beam position monitor, is placed
before the target. A window for the neutron beam output
is located behind the operational area. Graphite plate,
that is positioned opposite to the window, serves as an
indicator of target damages, and, at the same time, pro-
tects the vacuum chamber from the deuteron beam. For
target control and protection, sensors of rotation and vi-
bration pick-up are provided as well as flow meters and
manometers in the hydraulic system.
3 TARGET THERMAL AND MECHANICAL
OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS 197
Numeric simulation was performed in order to de-
fine target thermal operational conditions and to esti-
mate thermomechanical stress in its most strained ele-
ments.
Fig. 2. Temperature distribution over the section of
graphite target in 0C for the graphite length 64 mm
and disk thickness 1 cm.
Fig. 3. Distribution of the tangential (above) and
longitudinal (below) thermal stress (kPa) over the
radial section of graphite for temperature distribu-
tion, presented in Fig. 2.
Following this simulation, the non-steady-state
equation was solved, taking into account heat radiation
from the target surface. It is important to note, that the
non-steady-state task solution is necessary not only for
steady-state solution gain, but also for determination of
the thermomechanical stress appeared in target elements
during the target heating-up, since in this process the
stress reaches its maximum.
Computation of temperature fields in graphite area
of the target was performed for the heat flux from
graphite to titanium, taking into account the measured
heat resistance of graphite mount. Fig. 2 shows the re-
sult of the computation for one of the given target de-
signs.
To calculate the stress field in the target, the equa-
tion of elasticity was solved taking into account the tar-
get rotation and temperature field for a given geometry
[6]. It was discovered that the stress appeared in the
graphite area of the target and caused mainly by the
temperature field, is the most close to ultimate stress
(see Fig. 3), though still far from the critical value
(2.5·107 Pa for graphite).
4 THERMAL EXPERIMENTS
To verify the reliability of the graphite target at giv-
en thermal conditions, series of experiments were per-
formed, aimed:
• to define the admissible number of thermocycles
(fast heating up to operational temperature and fast
cooling down to room temperature);
• to define the admissible temperature gradient;
During experiments graphite samples with cross-sec-
tion 1.5x1.5 mm and length 15 - 20 mm were heated up
in the vacuum volume by pulsed current (half-sinusoid)
with 96 μs width and 50 Hz repetition rate. Such condi-
tions correspond to operational conditions of the target,
rotating with the frequency 50 Hz. Current and voltage
were registered, then radiated power, average tempera-
ture, and temperature jump were calculated. Control of
temperature distribution over the sample surface was re-
alized by pirometer through the window in the vacuum
volume.
Thermocycle test was carried out as follow: the sam-
ple was fed by the packet of heating current pulses of 30
sec duration. It was heated up to the temperature
20000C. Then the next 30 sec the sample was got cold
down to the room temperature. As a result, the sample
stood over 500 cycles without destruction. Note that for
the first 200 cycles the sample resistance was risen up
for 7% and then stabilized at a new level. One can sup-
pose the stabilization of the sample material structure in
a new state after its partial destruction, and success to
stand the thermal stress of such a kind. This means the
target does not require preliminary heating-up before
deuteron beam release.
Measurements of the temperature distribution over
the sample surface at temperature 20000C by pirometer
showed that the temperature reached its maximum in the
centre of the sample of 16 mm length, and was 800 low-
er at sample edges. Thus, graphite stable stands the tem-
perature gradient up to 1000C/cm.
To define the target lifetime, the sample was stood at
constant temperature within the range 2200 - 25000C.
Change of graphite physical properties was proved by
198
change of sample electrical resistance. It was increased
in time with the rising speed, and after 20 - 25% resis-
tance growth the sample was destroyed. The lifetime
curve was plotted by the experimental data (see Fig. 4).
The time before the sample destruction was accepted as
the sample lifetime, that appeared to be 300 - 400 hours
at 21000C, about 2000 hours at 20000C, and about
10000 hours at 18000C to define the target lifetime at
temperature 2200 -25000C.
Fig. 4. Lifetime (hours) of samples versus tempera-
ture (0C). • and O - measured values, + and
◊ - same values multiplied by a factor of 10, solid
line - approximation, dashed line - approximate val-
ues multiplied by a factor of 10.
5 CONCLUSION
Main goal of the present work is to demonstrate the
possibility of production of a high-intense neutron
source for high-power primary deuteron beam, on the
basis of the carbon target, cooled by radiation. The con-
ceptual design of this source is developed.
REFERENCES
1. SPES Project Study of an Advanced Facility for Ex-
otic Beam at LNL. LNL-INFN(REP) 145/99, 1999.
2. R.Serber // Phys. Review. v. 72, 1948.
3. Physical Values. A Handbook. Moscow: Energoat-
omizdat, 1991. (in Russian).
4. J.B.Marion et. al. Nuclear Reaction Analysis.
North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam,
1968.
5. S.Menard et. al. Fast Neutron Forward from C, Li,
Be, and U Thick Targets Bombarded by Deuterons.
6. B.A.Boley et. al. Theory of Thermal Stresses. New
York - London, John Willes and Sons, INS, 1960.
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2001. №5.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (39), с. 199-199.
199
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