Fullerene-diamond transformation under irradiation with charged particles (review)
For the first time nanodiamonds were obtained at the Max Planck Institute (Stuttgart, Germany) in 1997. Dr Banhart and his group investigated transformation of fullerenes into diamond under electron beam irradiation in the electron microscope (electron beam energy is 1.25 MeV). Next experiment in MP...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2001
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| Назва видання: | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| Цитувати: | Fullerene-diamond transformation under irradiation with charged particles (review) / V.M. Khoruzhiy // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 5. — С. 209-210. — Бібліогр.: 16 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-790322015-03-25T03:02:00Z Fullerene-diamond transformation under irradiation with charged particles (review) Khoruzhiy, V.M. For the first time nanodiamonds were obtained at the Max Planck Institute (Stuttgart, Germany) in 1997. Dr Banhart and his group investigated transformation of fullerenes into diamond under electron beam irradiation in the electron microscope (electron beam energy is 1.25 MeV). Next experiment in MPI (Stuttgart) hows that much larger amounts of diamond can be obtained if uses ions from linac instead of electrons as irradiating particles. A fullerene sample was irradiated with 3 MeV Ne+ from the pelletron accelerator. Under the ion irradiation, the temperature of a sample reached 1000-1400K. The maximum range of 3 MeV Ne+ ions in a sample is about 2 µm. 2001 Article Fullerene-diamond transformation under irradiation with charged particles (review) / V.M. Khoruzhiy // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 5. — С. 209-210. — Бібліогр.: 16 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS number: 81.05.Uw http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/79032 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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For the first time nanodiamonds were obtained at the Max Planck Institute (Stuttgart, Germany) in 1997. Dr Banhart and his group investigated transformation of fullerenes into diamond under electron beam irradiation in the electron microscope (electron beam energy is 1.25 MeV). Next experiment in MPI (Stuttgart) hows that much larger amounts of diamond can be obtained if uses ions from linac instead of electrons as irradiating particles. A fullerene sample was irradiated with 3 MeV Ne+ from the pelletron accelerator. Under the ion irradiation, the temperature of a sample reached 1000-1400K. The maximum range of 3 MeV Ne+ ions in a sample is about 2 µm. |
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Article |
| author |
Khoruzhiy, V.M. |
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Khoruzhiy, V.M. Fullerene-diamond transformation under irradiation with charged particles (review) Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| author_facet |
Khoruzhiy, V.M. |
| author_sort |
Khoruzhiy, V.M. |
| title |
Fullerene-diamond transformation under irradiation with charged particles (review) |
| title_short |
Fullerene-diamond transformation under irradiation with charged particles (review) |
| title_full |
Fullerene-diamond transformation under irradiation with charged particles (review) |
| title_fullStr |
Fullerene-diamond transformation under irradiation with charged particles (review) |
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Fullerene-diamond transformation under irradiation with charged particles (review) |
| title_sort |
fullerene-diamond transformation under irradiation with charged particles (review) |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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2001 |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/79032 |
| citation_txt |
Fullerene-diamond transformation under irradiation with charged particles (review) / V.M. Khoruzhiy // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 5. — С. 209-210. — Бібліогр.: 16 назв. — англ. |
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Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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1836865385307045888 |
| fulltext |
FULLERENE-DIAMOND TRANSFORMATION UNDER
IRRADIATION WITH CHARGED PARTICLES (REVIEW)
V.M. Khoruzhiy
NSC KIPT
Akademicheskaya Str., 1, Kharkov, 61108, Ukraine
e-mail: khoruzhiy@kipt.kharkov.ua
For the first time nanodiamonds were obtained at the Max Planck Institute (Stuttgart, Germany) in 1997. Dr Banhart
and his group investigated transformation of fullerenes into diamond under electron beam irradiation in the electron
microscope (electron beam energy is 1.25 MeV). Next experiment in MPI (Stuttgart) hows that much larger
amounts of diamond can be obtained if uses ions from linac instead of electrons as irradiating particles. A fullerene
sample was irradiated with 3 MeV Ne+ from the pelletron accelerator. Under the ion irradiation, the temperature of a
sample reached 1000-1400K. The maximum range of 3 MeV Ne+ ions in a sample is about 2 µm.
PACS number: 81.05.Uw
Linear accelerators are very important instruments
for experimental investigations in modern physics. Here
we consider obtaining the nanodiamonds under electron
or ion irradiation of fullerenes [1-4] using linear acceler-
ators. For the first time nanodiamonds were obtained at
the Max Planck Institute (MPI) in Stuttgart (Germany)
[5]. Dr Banhart and his group investigated transforma-
tion of fullerenes into diamond under electron beam ir-
radiation in the electron microscope (electron beam en-
ergy is 1.25 MeV) [5-8]. The fullerenes-electron beam
interaction has three consecutive stages. At the first
stage fullerenes and nanotubes [9-11] transform into
onion-like fullerenes [12-13] at sample temperatures
above 600K. Onion-like fullerenes ("onions") consist of
an arrangement of closed, concentrically nested
graphitic shells. The "onion" diameters can reach some
tens nanometers. `The distance between graphitic shells
is 0.34 nm. At the second stage, the distance between
the graphitic shells decreasing from 0.34 nm to 0.22 nm
towards the center means that the onions are in a state of
high self-compression. At last, at the third stage under
electron irradiation at temperatures above 900K the
cores of compressed carbon onions transform into dia-
mond. Once nucleated, these diamond crystals grow un-
der continuing irradiation until almost the whole onions
have transformed into diamond. Theory of graphite-dia-
mond transformation [14] predicts that after nucleation
the growth process takes place at low pressure. The
largest diamonds produced in the electron microscope
were about 100 nm in size. The total amount of dia-
mond which can be produced during the irradiation peri-
od in the electron microscope is extremely small be-
cause the sample areas have to be irradiated with an in-
tense focused electron beam of only a few microns in
diameter. Next experiment in MPI (Stuttgart) [15]
shows that much larger amounts of diamond can be ob-
tained if ions from the linac is used instead of electrons
as irradiating particles. The fullerene sample was irradi-
ated with 3 MeV Ne+ at a current density of 60 µA/cm2
from the pelletron accelerator. Diameter of a sample is
3 mm. Under ion irradiation, the temperature of a sam-
ple reached 1000-1400 K. The maximum range of 3
MeV Ne+ ions in a sample is about 2 µm. Using stan-
dard thermodynamics, M. Zaiser and F. Banhart have
derived a non-equilibrium phase diagram [14] that gives
the regions of stability for graphite and diamond as a
function of the irradiation intensity and temperature.
Next step for more amounts of nanodiamonds is scaling
increasing of the output energy and average current of a
beam in a heavy ion linear accelerator. This year Florian
Banhart used an electron beam to link (or to weld) two
hollow carbon nanotubes [16] for creation of ultra-
miniaturized electronic circuits in future.
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ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2001. №5.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (39), с. 209-210.
209
mailto:khoruzhiy@linda.kipt.kharkov
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210
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