New 15 MeV electron accelerator for non-destructive testing
A 15 MeV accelerator with the dose rate from 80 to 120 Gy/min at 1m from the target has been designed and manufactured in NPK LUTS, the D.V.Efremov Institute, NIIEFA. The accelerator is intended for nondestructive testing (radiography, introscopy, tomography) of large scale products. Under tests an...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2001
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| Schriftenreihe: | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| Zitieren: | New 15 MeV electron accelerator for non-destructive testing / M.F. Vorogushin, Yu.N. Gavrish, V.M. Nikolaev, A.V. Muratov, A.P. Klinov, A.V. Ryabtsov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 3. — С. 16-17. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-792152015-03-31T03:01:10Z New 15 MeV electron accelerator for non-destructive testing Vorogushin, M.F. Gavrish, Yu.N. Nikolaev, V.M. Muratov, A.V. Klinov, A.P. Ryabtsov, A.V. A 15 MeV accelerator with the dose rate from 80 to 120 Gy/min at 1m from the target has been designed and manufactured in NPK LUTS, the D.V.Efremov Institute, NIIEFA. The accelerator is intended for nondestructive testing (radiography, introscopy, tomography) of large scale products. Under tests an X-ray beam with the boundary energy of 15-16 MeV and dose rate of 100 Gy/min has been produced. When operating with longer pulse lengths of the accelerated electron current, the beam power was up to 140 Gy/min; with lower currents the 18 MeV energy was attained at a dose rate of 40-50 Gy/min. Biperiodic accelerating structure with axial coupling cells is applied in the accelerator. The accelerating structure buncher provides RF-focusing of the electron beam, therefore there is no need for focusing the solenoid. The focus spot diameter is no more than 2mm. To provide the electron beam stability, the accelerator is equipped with a system for automatic frequency tuning (AFT). The AFT system ensures both coarse tuning of the driver frequency against the temperature of the accelerating structure and fine tuning - against the minimum reflected power. The anode voltage of the klystron amplifier is stabilized by using a de-Q-ing system. A charging choke and pulse forming network (PFN) are located inside the irradiator unit to increase the distance between the modulator and irradiator up to 100m and to reduce losses when high-voltage high-current pulses are transmitted. The low-voltage klystron (anode voltage up to 55 kV) applied in the accelerator allows reducing the machine weight and dimensions (1100 kg and 2040x880x920mm). The accelerator is equipped with a PC-based automatic control system. In the accelerator intended for the radiographic inspection there is an external collimator with movable diaphragm jaws for testing small fragments of an inspected product. 2001 Article New 15 MeV electron accelerator for non-destructive testing / M.F. Vorogushin, Yu.N. Gavrish, V.M. Nikolaev, A.V. Muratov, A.P. Klinov, A.V. Ryabtsov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 3. — С. 16-17. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS numbers: 29.17.+w http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/79215 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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| description |
A 15 MeV accelerator with the dose rate from 80 to 120 Gy/min at 1m from the target has been designed and manufactured in NPK LUTS, the D.V.Efremov Institute, NIIEFA. The accelerator is intended for nondestructive testing (radiography, introscopy, tomography) of large scale products. Under tests an X-ray beam with the boundary energy of 15-16 MeV and dose rate of 100 Gy/min has been produced. When operating with longer pulse lengths of the accelerated electron current, the beam power was up to 140 Gy/min; with lower currents the 18 MeV energy was attained at a dose rate of 40-50 Gy/min. Biperiodic accelerating structure with axial coupling cells is applied in the accelerator. The accelerating structure buncher provides RF-focusing of the electron beam, therefore there is no need for focusing the solenoid. The focus spot diameter is no more than 2mm. To provide the electron beam stability, the accelerator is equipped with a system for automatic frequency tuning (AFT). The AFT system ensures both coarse tuning of the driver frequency against the temperature of the accelerating structure and fine tuning - against the minimum reflected power. The anode voltage of the klystron amplifier is stabilized by using a de-Q-ing system. A charging choke and pulse forming network (PFN) are located inside the irradiator unit to increase the distance between the modulator and irradiator up to 100m and to reduce losses when high-voltage high-current pulses are transmitted. The low-voltage klystron (anode voltage up to 55 kV) applied in the accelerator allows reducing the machine weight and dimensions (1100 kg and 2040x880x920mm). The accelerator is equipped with a PC-based automatic control system. In the accelerator intended for the radiographic inspection there is an external collimator with movable diaphragm jaws for testing small fragments of an inspected product. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Vorogushin, M.F. Gavrish, Yu.N. Nikolaev, V.M. Muratov, A.V. Klinov, A.P. Ryabtsov, A.V. |
| spellingShingle |
Vorogushin, M.F. Gavrish, Yu.N. Nikolaev, V.M. Muratov, A.V. Klinov, A.P. Ryabtsov, A.V. New 15 MeV electron accelerator for non-destructive testing Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| author_facet |
Vorogushin, M.F. Gavrish, Yu.N. Nikolaev, V.M. Muratov, A.V. Klinov, A.P. Ryabtsov, A.V. |
| author_sort |
Vorogushin, M.F. |
| title |
New 15 MeV electron accelerator for non-destructive testing |
| title_short |
New 15 MeV electron accelerator for non-destructive testing |
| title_full |
New 15 MeV electron accelerator for non-destructive testing |
| title_fullStr |
New 15 MeV electron accelerator for non-destructive testing |
| title_full_unstemmed |
New 15 MeV electron accelerator for non-destructive testing |
| title_sort |
new 15 mev electron accelerator for non-destructive testing |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2001 |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/79215 |
| citation_txt |
New 15 MeV electron accelerator for non-destructive testing / M.F. Vorogushin, Yu.N. Gavrish, V.M. Nikolaev, A.V. Muratov, A.P. Klinov, A.V. Ryabtsov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 3. — С. 16-17. — англ. |
| series |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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2025-07-06T03:16:13Z |
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| fulltext |
NEW 15 MEV ELECTRON ACCELERATOR FOR
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
M.F. Vorogushin, Yu.N. Gavrish, V.M. Nikolaev, A.V. Muratov, A.P. Klinov, A.V. Ryabtsov
Scientific Production Complex of Linear Accelerator and Cyclotron of the Efremov Scientific
Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus
(NPK LUTS NIIEFA)
St. Petersburg, Metallostroy, Sovetsky prosp. 1, Russia
E-mail: NPK LUTS@ NIIEFA.SP.SU
A 15 MeV accelerator with the dose rate from 80 to 120 Gy/min at 1m from the target has been designed and manu-
factured in NPK LUTS, the D.V.Efremov Institute, NIIEFA. The accelerator is intended for nondestructive testing
(radiography, introscopy, tomography) of large scale products.
Under tests an X-ray beam with the boundary energy of 15-16 MeV and dose rate of 100 Gy/min has been pro-
duced. When operating with longer pulse lengths of the accelerated electron current, the beam power was up to
140 Gy/min; with lower currents the 18 MeV energy was attained at a dose rate of 40-50 Gy/min.
Biperiodic accelerating structure with axial coupling cells is applied in the accelerator. The accelerating structure
buncher provides RF-focusing of the electron beam, therefore there is no need for focusing the solenoid. The focus
spot diameter is no more than 2mm. To provide the electron beam stability, the accelerator is equipped with a sys-
tem for automatic frequency tuning (AFT). The AFT system ensures both coarse tuning of the driver frequency
against the temperature of the accelerating structure and fine tuning - against the minimum reflected power. The an-
ode voltage of the klystron amplifier is stabilized by using a de-Q-ing system.
A charging choke and pulse forming network (PFN) are located inside the irradiator unit to increase the distance be-
tween the modulator and irradiator up to 100m and to reduce losses when high-voltage high-current pulses are trans-
mitted.
The low-voltage klystron (anode voltage up to 55 kV) applied in the accelerator allows reducing the machine weight
and dimensions (1100 kg and 2040x880x920mm).
The accelerator is equipped with a PC-based automatic control system.
In the accelerator intended for the radiographic inspection there is an external collimator with movable diaphragm
jaws for testing small fragments of an inspected product.
PACS numbers: 29.17.+w
A new linear accelerator for a nominal energy of
15 MeV and X-ray radiation dose rate of 80 Gy/min at
1m from the target has been designed and manufactured
in NPK LUTS. The accelerator is intended for radio-
graphic, introscopic and tomographic inspection of arti-
cles of a large thickness.
Under tests of the accelerator with a tantalum target,
X-ray radiation with the boundary energy of photons of
15-16 MeV and dose rate of 100 Gy/min was obtained
at an average current of 110 µA. In this case the pulse
current was 140 mA at a pulse length of 8µ and pulse
repetition rate of 100 Hz. When operating with 10µs
current pulses of accelerated electrons, the radiation
dose power amounted to 140 Gy/min; with the 30 mA
pulse current, 18 MeV energy and 40-50 Gy/min dose
rate were attained.
A biperiodic accelerating structure 2.05 m in length
with axial coupling cells is applied in the accelerator.
The buncher of the accelerating structure comprises ac-
celerating cells providing RF focusing of the electron
beam, as a result of which no focusing solenoid and
centering coils are used in the accelerator. In this case
the measured diameter of the focus spot is no more than
2-3mm.
One of the distinctive features of the accelerator is
long pulse of accelerated current and reduced pulse rep-
etition rate, due to which the detrimental effect of tran-
sient processes occurring at the pulse front on the ener-
gy spectrum of accelerated electrons is reduced.
A klystron amplifier KIU-111 with a pulse power of
6MW and average power of 6 kW operating at the an-
ode voltage no more than 55 kW is employed in the ac-
celerator. Application of the klystron operating at a low
anode voltage made it possible some reduction of the
weight and dimensions of the irradiator unit (1100 kg,
2040×880×920 mm).
The klystron driver is equipped with a system for au-
tomatic frequency control (AFC), comprising a stable
self-excited oscillator, an AFC unit and amplifier of RF
oscillations. A transistor self-excited oscillator operating
in the quasi-continuous mode is used in the accelerator.
Short-time stability of the oscillator frequency is ±
7.5 kHz without the AFC system.
Frequency is controlled by changing the control
voltage at the input of the self-excited oscillator. Three
control channels are provided: voltage can be changed
by an operator from the PC control console, by using a
potentiometer located on the face panel of the klystron
driver and by using the AFC system.
A signal from the self-excited oscillator is applied at
the input of the klystron power amplifier, which can
generate a power more than 200 W per 15 µs pulse at a
pulse repetition rate of 50, 100 and 150 Hz. Range of
the output power manual control is no less than 10 dB.
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2001. №3.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (38), с. 16-17.
16
Relative instability of the preset frequency over the
working part of the pulse is no more than 3×10-6 with
the AFC system.
The AFC system allows for the temperature of the
accelerating structure walls, thus implementing pre-tun-
ing of the driver to the resonance frequency. Fine tuning
is performed against the reflected wave pulse. The ac-
ceptance time of the fine tunia ng system is no more
than 2sec, therefore rather small time is needed to reach
the steady-state irradiation mode after the klystron turn
on.
High-voltage pulse at the klystron cathode is gener-
ated by a linear modulator with a thyratron switch. The
voltage across the 5-cell pulse forming line with mutual
inductance of the cells is stabilized by using a de-Q-ing
system in the charging circuit. High uniformity of the
pulse peak contributes to the better energy spectrum and
higher yield of X-ray radiation.
The charging circuit and PFN are located inside the
irradiator unit thus allowing larger distance, up to
100 m, between the high-voltage rectifier and pulse
units of the modulator as well as lower losses and lower
level of electromagnetic noise generated by high-current
high-voltage pulses.
A real-time distributed automatic control system ap-
plied in the accelerator is built on the basis of PC-com-
patible industrial controllers and industrial panel com-
puter networked via interface RS-485. A host computer,
located on the operator’s site, is made as an industrial
panel computer with a color TFT LCD and touch
screen. A functional keyboard is displayed on the
screen. Initial setting of separate sub-systems (doser,
collimator, etc.) is implemented in the dialogue win-
dows. Parameters of subsystems to be measured are also
visualized in these windows.
The operator’s workstation software is implemented
in the “DELPHI” visual object-oriented development
environment.
A real-time PC-compatible controller Octagon 6020,
running under the MS-DOS operating system, serves for
direct controlling the accelerator. To improve the capab-
ilities of the controllers in input/output of analogue and
discrete signals, special ISA expansion cards are used.
The controllers are connected to the controlled object
via galvanic isolation interface modules. For acquisition
and transfer of a small body of data from remote sub-
systems (signalling, blocking key, door interlocks, etc)
processor modules of RIO-7000 (or ADAM 4000) type
are used. The built-in processor means make possible
normalisation of signals, analogue and discrete
input/output, data transfer to the main controller of the
network. To protect from environmental effects, the
controllers, RIO-7000 (ADAM 4000) modules, the ex-
pansion cards and interface modules are placed inside
special shielding boxes of high-noise immunity. Addi-
tional measures to provide electromagnetic compatibil-
ity of high-current devices of the accelerator and com-
puter control system have been taken too.
The accelerator intended for radiography is equipped
with an external collimator with movable diaphragm
jaws for inspection of small segments of objects. If nec-
essary, the irradiator comes complete with an automatic
manipulator ensuring its rotation in two planes.
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2001. №3.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (38), с. 17-17.
17
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