A new Krakow scanning nuclear microprobe: performance tests and early application experienc
A new scanning nuclear microprobe (MP) with a short-length probe forming system was designed, installed and tested at the 3MV Van de Graaff accelerator in Krakow. The MP resolution of 3.3mm was reached for a 2.4 MeV proton beam in the high-current mode (≥100pA). The MP facility provides a local, non...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2001
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| Цитувати: | A new Krakow scanning nuclear microprobe: performance tests and early application experienc / S. Lebed, J. Lekki, M. Paszkowski, W. Polak, A. Potempa, Z. Stachura, J. Styczen // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 3. — С. 71-73. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-792412015-03-31T03:01:58Z A new Krakow scanning nuclear microprobe: performance tests and early application experienc Lebed, S. Lekki, J. Paszkowski, M. Polak, W. Potempa, A. Stachura, Z. Styczen, J. A new scanning nuclear microprobe (MP) with a short-length probe forming system was designed, installed and tested at the 3MV Van de Graaff accelerator in Krakow. The MP resolution of 3.3mm was reached for a 2.4 MeV proton beam in the high-current mode (≥100pA). The MP facility provides a local, non-destructive, quantitative elemental microanalysis using a Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique. As example of possible applications an analysis of a geological sample containing monazite crystals investigated by PIXE method is presented. 2001 Article A new Krakow scanning nuclear microprobe: performance tests and early application experienc / S. Lebed, J. Lekki, M. Paszkowski, W. Polak, A. Potempa, Z. Stachura, J. Styczen // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 3. — С. 71-73. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS numbers: 29.27.Eg, 32.30.Rj, 91.65.Dt, 91.70.-c http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/79241 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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A new scanning nuclear microprobe (MP) with a short-length probe forming system was designed, installed and tested at the 3MV Van de Graaff accelerator in Krakow. The MP resolution of 3.3mm was reached for a 2.4 MeV proton beam in the high-current mode (≥100pA). The MP facility provides a local, non-destructive, quantitative elemental microanalysis using a Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique. As example of possible applications an analysis of a geological sample containing monazite crystals investigated by PIXE method is presented. |
| format |
Article |
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Lebed, S. Lekki, J. Paszkowski, M. Polak, W. Potempa, A. Stachura, Z. Styczen, J. |
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Lebed, S. Lekki, J. Paszkowski, M. Polak, W. Potempa, A. Stachura, Z. Styczen, J. A new Krakow scanning nuclear microprobe: performance tests and early application experienc Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| author_facet |
Lebed, S. Lekki, J. Paszkowski, M. Polak, W. Potempa, A. Stachura, Z. Styczen, J. |
| author_sort |
Lebed, S. |
| title |
A new Krakow scanning nuclear microprobe: performance tests and early application experienc |
| title_short |
A new Krakow scanning nuclear microprobe: performance tests and early application experienc |
| title_full |
A new Krakow scanning nuclear microprobe: performance tests and early application experienc |
| title_fullStr |
A new Krakow scanning nuclear microprobe: performance tests and early application experienc |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A new Krakow scanning nuclear microprobe: performance tests and early application experienc |
| title_sort |
new krakow scanning nuclear microprobe: performance tests and early application experienc |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2001 |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/79241 |
| citation_txt |
A new Krakow scanning nuclear microprobe: performance tests and early application experienc / S. Lebed, J. Lekki, M. Paszkowski, W. Polak, A. Potempa, Z. Stachura, J. Styczen // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 3. — С. 71-73. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
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Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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A NEW KRAKOW SCANNING NUCLEAR MICROPROBE:
PERFORMANCE TESTS AND EARLY APPLICATION EXPERIENC
S. Lebed1, J. Lekki2, M. Paszkowski3, W. Polak2, A. Potempa2, Z. Stachura2, J. Styczen2
1 Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), UR-44030 Sumy, Ukraine, salmp1@yahoo.com
2 Institute of Nuclear Physics (INP), PL-31342 Krakow, Poland, Janusz.Lekki@ifj.edu.pl
3 Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Science, PL-31002, Krakow, Poland
A new scanning nuclear microprobe (MP) with a short-length probe forming system was designed, installed and
tested at the 3MV Van de Graaff accelerator in Krakow. The MP resolution of 3.3µm was reached for a 2.4 MeV
proton beam in the high-current mode (≥100pA). The MP facility provides a local, non-destructive, quantitative ele-
mental microanalysis using a Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique. As example of possible applica-
tions an analysis of a geological sample containing monazite crystals investigated by PIXE method is presented.
PACS numbers: 29.27.Eg, 32.30.Rj, 91.65.Dt, 91.70.-c
1 INTRODUCTION
The new scanning nuclear microprobe (MP) with a
short probe forming system (Fig.1) of 2.3m length was
designed, constructed and installed in the Institute of
Nuclear Physics (IFJ) in Krakow, Poland, during the pe-
riod from 1995 to 1999 [1-4].
Fig. 1. Microbeam line of the Krakow scanning
nuclear microprobe.
The accelerating and beam transporting systems of
the Krakow MP were improved significantly last years.
The MP parameters are maintained stable over many
hours, with a relatively high ion microbeam current (up
to 3nA at ≤10µm beam spot size) permitting measure-
ments to be performed within a reasonable time. With
such a current the microprobe proton induced X-ray
emission (micro-PIXE) technique can be used in many
applications of the geological sciences. The micro-PIXE
is now accepted in many laboratories throughout the
world as a highly sensitive method for elemental analy-
sis. The method was developed at the Krakow MP [4,5].
The subject of this paper is to demonstrate the
Krakow MP performance and micro-PIXE technique ca-
pabilities in geological research.
2. EXPERIMENT
2.1 Accelerator
The Krakow MP is based on a Van de Graaff
(HVEC type K-3000) accelerator. Performance of the
set-up has been improved by updating the accelerator
during the year 2000: a new high-brightness RF ion
source and a new belt charge power supply have been
installed.
2.2 Beam transport system
The previous beam transport system of the Krakow
MP was based on a quadrupole doublet of magnetic
quadrupole lenses [3]. This was changed by installing
an additional magnetic quadrupole doublet [4]. The dou-
blet (Fig. 2) was manufactured in the IFJ mechanical
workshop.
Fig. 2. New magnetic quadrupole doublet.
The new optimised beam transport system is based
on a “divided Russian quadruplet” geometry providing a
minimum contribution of the intrinsic and parasitic
aberrations to the degradation of the beam brightness in
the system. The system optics and quadrupole doublet
design were developed by S.Lebed. These innovations
and other above-mentioned VdG modernisation have
laid the foundations of a significantly improved MP per-
formance.
2.3 MP performance
The Krakow MP resolution is tested by measuring
the beam profile and beam spot size (full width at half-
maximum (FWHM)) at the target [4]. For this purpose a
copper electron microscope grid is used. Secondary
electron profiles from the grid are measured. The pro-
files from linear beam scanning over the grid are anal-
ysed. FWHM reaches 3.3µm (Fig. 3) in the high current
(PIXE) mode and less than 10µm at 3nA proton beam
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2001. №3.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (38), с. 71-73.
71
mailto:Janusz.Lekki@ifj.edu.pl
current (IP). Detectors used are: a channeltron for sec-
ondary electron imaging and a Si(Li) detector for PIXE
measurements.
Fig. 3. Calibration copper grid (400mesh/inch) im-
aged by PIXE (2.4 MeV protons) in Kα and Kβ
X-ray lines. Left: spot size is 3.3µm at IP =100pA.
Right: spot size is 8µm at IP =3nA.
2.4 Data acquisition system
A new data acquisition and evaluation system was
installed [5]. The system collects detector events in the
list (event–by–event) mode, storing the number of
counts, energy pulse height and the current x and y co-
ordinates of the beam. This data allows detailed off–line
sample analysis. The MP scanning mode also makes
possible a dynamic on–line two–dimensional (2D) anal-
ysis of the elements (trace, minor and major) in the sam-
ple by indicating the regions of interest (ROI).
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The geological micro–PIXE investigations were car-
ried out on a sample of monazite crystals mounted in
epoxy glue and coated with carbon (Figs. 4-7). The
sample was prepared by processing the uppermost car-
boniferous sandstone from Kwaczawa village, Gródek
gorge, Poland.
Fig. 4. Light microscope image (600x400 µm2)
of the sample.
In order to improve the minimum detection limit of
heavy trace elements, a 200µm Al filter was placed in
front of the Si(Li) detector to absorb most of the intense
low energy X-rays emitted from the matrix materials of
the sample. The relative intensities of the characteristic
lines of the U, Th and Pb elements evaluated in the
present experiment (Figs. 5, 6) can be used to calculate
the chemical age of the geological sample, applying the
Montel method [8].
Fig. 5. Total and trace micro-PIXE elemental maps
of a large monazite crystal. Measurement time is
15 minutes, scan area is 256x256 µm2. Images show
fairly homogeneous distribution of Pb, U and Th in
the sample.
Fig. 6. Micro-PIXE spectra of the two monazite
crystals. Measurement time is 70 minutes,
scan area is 16x16µm2.
Fig. 7. Total and trace (with ROI set to Zr-Kα line)
PIXE elemental maps of the monazite samples. Im-
age resolution is 64×64 pixels, scan area is
256x256 µm2. A small zirconium inclusion
(~50x100 µm2) is clearly seen in the central
part of the image.
The micro-PIXE method delivers high detection sen-
sitivity (1–10 ppm) for a broad range of geochemically
important elements with Z>11. An effective depth of the
analysis is 10–35µm. It allows the analysis of specific
micro–inclusions (e.g. relics of mineralising fluids) in
the minerals [9], containing important genetic informa-
tion. In industrial geology, trace element distributions in
minerals are used in prospecting for diamonds, platinum
group minerals as well as in petrology, mining, ore gen-
esis, etc. [7–9].
72
4. CONCLUSIONS
The spatial resolutions achieved by the Krakow MP
are currently 3.3µm at beam current of 100pA and 8µm
at beam current of 3nA for a 2.4MeV protons. The mi-
cro-PIXE technique is developed at the Krakow MP.
The average U-Th-Pb trace elemental data obtained will
be used to calculate the chemical age of a geological
sample.
Most MP applications in geology are connected with
the use of micro-PIXE in trace element geochemistry of
rock forming minerals and their inclusions. The Krakow
MP is well suited for these purposes.
The results obtained on the Krakow MP show the
micro-PIXE technique to be highly sensitive, local, fair-
ly fast, non-destructive, quantitative elemental micro-
analysis. The MP will be applied as an analytical tool in
geology, biophysics, medicine, environmental and mate-
rials sciences, etc.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The work has been supported by the State Commit-
tee of Scientific Research (KBN) in Poland (contract
No.1438/IA/620/95) and the Ministry of Education and
Science in Ukraine (contract No. 2M/289-99).
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