Production of radiation destructant from spent butyl rubbers on the linac LU-10-20
Radiation methods of materials modification applied in technological chains can have significant economical and ecological advantages as compared to the established chemical, thermal and mechanical methods. Each year the problems of nature resources economy through the use of production and consumpt...
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| Zitieren: | Production of radiation destructant from spent butyl rubbers on the linac LU-10-20 / A.V. Telnov, N.V. Zavyalov, N.P. Sitnikov, M.L. Smetanin, V.P. Tarantasov, Yu.A. Khokhlov, D.N. Shadrin, I.V. Shorikov, A.L. Liakumovich, F.K. Miryasova // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 3. — С. 181-183. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-792612015-03-31T03:02:39Z Production of radiation destructant from spent butyl rubbers on the linac LU-10-20 Telnov, A.V. Zavyalov, N.V. Sitnikov, N.P. Smetanin, M.L. Tarantasov, V.P. Khokhlov, Yu.A. Shadrin, D.N. Shorikov, I.V. Liakumovich, A.L. Miryasova, F.K. Radiation methods of materials modification applied in technological chains can have significant economical and ecological advantages as compared to the established chemical, thermal and mechanical methods. Each year the problems of nature resources economy through the use of production and consumption wastes acquire a more significant value, as it allows to solve also ecological issues along with economical ones. This is mostly acute in relation to polymeric systems based on saturated rubbers, for example butyl rubber (BR) used in tyres industry, as due to their high resistance to the action of oxygen, ozone, solar radiation and bacteria they contaminate the environment for rather a long period. At VNIIEF and KSPU there were carried out experiments on application of electron beams with energy from 6 to 10 MeV for radiation destruction of spent rubber based on butyl rubber. Reclaim is tested in the formulation of initial diaphragm mixture, rubber mixture for producing rubberized fabric, roofing. 2001 Article Production of radiation destructant from spent butyl rubbers on the linac LU-10-20 / A.V. Telnov, N.V. Zavyalov, N.P. Sitnikov, M.L. Smetanin, V.P. Tarantasov, Yu.A. Khokhlov, D.N. Shadrin, I.V. Shorikov, A.L. Liakumovich, F.K. Miryasova // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 3. — С. 181-183. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS numbers: 29.17.+w http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/79261 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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Radiation methods of materials modification applied in technological chains can have significant economical and ecological advantages as compared to the established chemical, thermal and mechanical methods. Each year the problems of nature resources economy through the use of production and consumption wastes acquire a more significant value, as it allows to solve also ecological issues along with economical ones. This is mostly acute in relation to polymeric systems based on saturated rubbers, for example butyl rubber (BR) used in tyres industry, as due to their high resistance to the action of oxygen, ozone, solar radiation and bacteria they contaminate the environment for rather a long period. At VNIIEF and KSPU there were carried out experiments on application of electron beams with energy from 6 to 10 MeV for radiation destruction of spent rubber based on butyl rubber. Reclaim is tested in the formulation of initial diaphragm mixture, rubber mixture for producing rubberized fabric, roofing. |
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Telnov, A.V. Zavyalov, N.V. Sitnikov, N.P. Smetanin, M.L. Tarantasov, V.P. Khokhlov, Yu.A. Shadrin, D.N. Shorikov, I.V. Liakumovich, A.L. Miryasova, F.K. |
| spellingShingle |
Telnov, A.V. Zavyalov, N.V. Sitnikov, N.P. Smetanin, M.L. Tarantasov, V.P. Khokhlov, Yu.A. Shadrin, D.N. Shorikov, I.V. Liakumovich, A.L. Miryasova, F.K. Production of radiation destructant from spent butyl rubbers on the linac LU-10-20 Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| author_facet |
Telnov, A.V. Zavyalov, N.V. Sitnikov, N.P. Smetanin, M.L. Tarantasov, V.P. Khokhlov, Yu.A. Shadrin, D.N. Shorikov, I.V. Liakumovich, A.L. Miryasova, F.K. |
| author_sort |
Telnov, A.V. |
| title |
Production of radiation destructant from spent butyl rubbers on the linac LU-10-20 |
| title_short |
Production of radiation destructant from spent butyl rubbers on the linac LU-10-20 |
| title_full |
Production of radiation destructant from spent butyl rubbers on the linac LU-10-20 |
| title_fullStr |
Production of radiation destructant from spent butyl rubbers on the linac LU-10-20 |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Production of radiation destructant from spent butyl rubbers on the linac LU-10-20 |
| title_sort |
production of radiation destructant from spent butyl rubbers on the linac lu-10-20 |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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2001 |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/79261 |
| citation_txt |
Production of radiation destructant from spent butyl rubbers on the linac LU-10-20 / A.V. Telnov, N.V. Zavyalov, N.P. Sitnikov, M.L. Smetanin, V.P. Tarantasov, Yu.A. Khokhlov, D.N. Shadrin, I.V. Shorikov, A.L. Liakumovich, F.K. Miryasova // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 3. — С. 181-183. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
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Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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PRODUCTION OF RADIATION DESTRUCTANT FROM
SPENT BUTYL RUBBERS ON THE LINAC LU-10-20
A.V. Telnov, N.V. Zavyalov, N.P. Sitnikov, M.L. Smetanin,
V.P. Tarantasov, Yu.A. Khokhlov, D.N. Shadrin, I.V. Shorikov,
A.L. Liakumovich1, F.K. Miryasova1
Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russia Scientific Research Institute of
Experimental Physics (RFNC-VNIIEF),
607190, Sarov, Nizhni Novgorod region, the Russian Federation
telnov@expd.vniief.ru
1Kazan State Polytechnic University (KSPU),
420015, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
Radiation methods of materials modification applied in technological chains can have significant economical and
ecological advantages as compared to the established chemical, thermal and mechanical methods. Each year the
problems of nature resources economy through the use of production and consumption wastes acquire a more signif-
icant value, as it allows to solve also ecological issues along with economical ones. This is mostly acute in relation
to polymeric systems based on saturated rubbers, for example butyl rubber (BR) used in tyres industry, as due to
their high resistance to the action of oxygen, ozone, solar radiation and bacteria they contaminate the environment
for rather a long period. At VNIIEF and KSPU there were carried out experiments on application of electron beams
with energy from 6 to 10 MeV for radiation destruction of spent rubber based on butyl rubber. Reclaim is tested in
the formulation of initial diaphragm mixture, rubber mixture for producing rubberized fabric, roofing.
PACS numbers: 29.17.+w
1 INTRODUCTION
Radiation methods of materials modification applied
in the technological chains, can possess a significant
economical and ecological advantages as compared to
the established chemical, thermal and mechanical meth-
ods [1]. Employment of electron accelerators for these
purposes has a number of obvious advantages as com-
pared to the permanent sources of ionizing radiation of
Co-60 type. A possibility for selecting a facility in a
wide range of powers, particles energy and geometry of
irradiation area provides great capabilities from the
point of view both optimization of technology and radi-
ation safety.
Economy of nature resources through the use of pro-
duction and consumption wastes each year acquires a
more significant value, as it allows to solve also ecolog-
ical issues along with economical ones. This is mostly
acute in relation to polymeric systems based on saturat-
ed rubbers, for example butyl rubber (BR) used in tyres
industry, as due to their high resistance to the action of
oxygen, ozone, solar radiation and bacteria they con-
taminate the environment for rather a long period. At
the same time BR represents a valuable raw material for
reuse.
In RFNC-VNIIEF there are conducted radiation
studies for development of promising industry technolo-
gies [2], whose application will provide a significant
economical effect. One of the facilities for obtaining
quasi-stationary fluxes of powerful electron and
bremsstrahlung radiation is a linear resonance electron
accelerator LU-10-20 [3] with the following parameters:
• Energy of accelerated electrons 7-9 MeV;
• Electron beam power 12 kW;
• Irradiation non-uniformity at the width of
500 mm is not more than 10%.
In the given paper there are presented results of joint
studies carried out at VNIIEF and KSPU and related to
tyres industry wastes reclamation.
2 METHODS OF OBTAINING RADIATION
DESTRUCTANT BUTYL RUBBER BASIS
Radiation destruction of polymers containing a qua-
ternary carbon atom is the most promising method, as
due to a high penetrating capability of ionizing radiation
it is characterized by the absence of expensive destruc-
tion agents, polluted sewage and gas effluents.
The known methods of radiation destruction of spent
BR rubbers using the accelerated electrons energy imply
preliminary grinding of material into 1 mm size crumbs
followed by its shaping into a sheet and irradiation.
Such an approach does not give a possibility for realiza-
tion of a method on a commercial scale due to a low
process efficiency limited by the crushing operation [4].
Employment of plane sources of Co-60 gamma-radia-
tion allows to perform destruction of large pieces of ma-
terial but to provide a uniform irradiation it is necessary
to enlarge the surface of sources or arrange material ro-
tation around the source [5]. Besides, a danger of con-
tamination with radioactive materials of working areas
also limits the capacity of BR industrial processing.
At VNIIEF and KSPU there were conducted the first
experiments on application of electron beams with ener-
gies from 6 up to 10 MeV for radiation destruction of
spent rubber what will allow:
• to irradiate the material uniformly over the whole
volume;
• to simplify the operations of material crushing and
averaging;
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2001. №3.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (38), с. 181-183.
181
• to raise the efficiency of the technology facility for
polymeric wastes reclamation;
• to lower the danger of ecology pollution of the sur-
rounding area.
To develop technology of BR radiation destruction,
there were manufactured trial batches of devulcanizate
from spent diaphragms of ≈50 cm diameter and ≈1 cm
thickness at different parameters of radiation action
(magnitude and power of the doze absorbed). Di-
aphragms split in two were placed on platforms of pro-
duction transportation line and were moved perpendicu-
lar to the irradiation zone with the rate of about
10 mm/s. There were processed 4 trial batches of devul-
canizate with absorbed exposure dose: 67, 116, 165 and
128 kGr. In the last batch the dose rate was two times
higher than that of the preceding ones.
The nonuniformity of samples irradiation which was
made up of irregular conveyer movement, instability of
accelerator parameters and properties of beam scanning
magnet system was less than 15%. System of beam
scanning made the main contribution to the non-unifor-
mity of irradiation. Measurements of absorbed dose di-
rectly on the irradiated samples were performed with the
aid of a color dosimetry film made on the basis of poly-
carbonate with phenazine pigment SO PDF 5/150 pro-
duced by NIIPIK (Russia).
3 ANALYSIS OF BR DESTRUCTANT PROP-
ERTIES
According to the existing branch standards in Russia
the quality of reclaim is regulated by indexes of proper-
ties of raw reclaim (the content of volatile matters, ashes
and softeners, plasto-elastic properties) and its standard
vulcanizates (conditional strength at the tension and
elongation at the break). As in the proposed destruction
method there are used no softeners, regenerative agents
and mineral additives, the content of violate matters,
ashes and softeners in the samples was not determined.
On the degree of diaphragm destruction they judged
by the magnitude of chloroform extract and equilibrium
degree of swelling in toluene.
Properties of trial batches of devulcanizate as a func-
tion of the absorbed dose received by diaphragm sam-
ples are presented in Fig. 1 and 2.
As one can see from the results presented in Fig. 1
and 2, the degree of swelling, magnitude of chloroform
extract and plasticity are increasing as the absorbed dose
is growing, and the conditional strength is decreasing at
tension. Optimal results are achieved at the exposure
dose of 110-120 kGr what agrees with investigations
conducted earlier [4, 6]. Without reference to the rate of
dose receiving the indexes of devulcanizates turned out
practically equal.
When assessing the quality of each reclaim a signifi-
cant meaning belongs to a characteristics of reclaim
sheet taken from refining rollers: density, degree of
roughness and surface polishing, presence of hard elas-
tic rubber particles and other foreign insertions in the
sheet.
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
0 50 100 150 200
Absorbed dose, kGr
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
Sw
el
lin
g
de
gr
ee
, %
C
hl
or
of
or
m
e
xt
ra
ct
, %
1
2
Fig. 1. Dependency of chloroform extract (1) and
swelling degree (2) on the absorbed dose.
0.16
0.18
0.2
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.3
0.32
0 50 100 150 200
Absorbed dose, kGr
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
1 2
Pl
as
tic
ity
, a
rb
. U
ni
ts
C
on
di
t.
St
re
ng
th
a
t t
en
si
on
, M
pa
Fig. 2. Dependency of plasticity (1) and conditional
strength at tension (2) on the absorbed dose.
To estimate the outward appearance of the sheet of
the trial devulcanizate batches, there was used a method
recommended in the paper [7]: devulcanizate was mixed
with an equal amount of india-rubber, than roved by
rollers through a thin clearance and stretched the sheet
obtained. The foreign insertions were not noticed even
at the minimal irradiation dose of 63 kGr.
When syringing a mixture of 100 devulcanizate
mass fractions with 20 mass fractions of rubrax and 50
mass fractions of kaolin there become noticeable non-
devulcanizated particles, whose number is decreasing as
exposure dose is growing.
4 PRODUCTION OF RECLAIM ON THE
BASIS OF RADIATION DESTRUCTANT
To produce butyl reclaim, there was used a batch of
radiation destructant of spent diaphragms of “Nizh-
nekamskshina” join stock company irradiated on the
linac LU-10-20 by 135 kGr dose. Destructant represents
by a form the halves of initial diaphragms what provides
some difficulties at processing. That is why the follow-
ing operation in production of butyl reclaim are mastica-
tion and sheeting on mixing rolls. Plasto-elastic proper-
ties of destructant and reclaim are given in Table 1.
182
Table 1. Plasto-elastic properties of destructant and re-
claim
Measures Destructant Reclaim
Plasticity, arbitrary units 0.1 0.46
Mildness, arbitrary units 0.32 0.6
Elastic reduction, mm 2.67 1.54
Processing of destructant on rolls leads to material
plasticity and mildness what facilitates further reclaim
processing. Physics and mechanical measures of pitchy
and sulphur vulcanizates on the reclaim basis are given
in Table 2.
Table 2. Physics and mechanical measures of vulcan-
izates
Measures Sulphur Pitchy
Conditional strength at tension,
MPa
6.8 3.5
Elongation, % 310 500
Residual extension, % 12 20
To estimate the uniformity of the degree of destruc-
tion of the obtained reclaim batch, there were selected
samples from different parts of briquette and determined
measures of plasticity and a number of non-non-flat-
tened particles. A scatter by plasticity did not exceed
5% and the non-flattened particles content was equal for
all the samples taken.
5 CONCLUSION
There was irradiated the trial batch of BR wastes.
Preliminary laboratory studies of destructant physics
and chemical properties showed a capability for its
reuse in industry without lowering the item quality.
The reclaim was tested as a formulation of initial di-
aphragm mixture, rubber mix for manufacturing of rub-
berized fabric, roofing.
Studies of properties of roofing on the basis of radia-
tion butyl reclaim showed the following:
Conditional strength at tension, MPa 3.4;
Relative extension, % 310;
Residual extension, % 40;
Product life, years 15;
Temperature of fragility 60˚C;
Water absorption, not more than 1%;
Resistance to ozone (ozone concentration
is 10-4%, 168 h, 40˚C) no cracks;
Resistance to ultra-violet radiation
(xenon lamp at 80˚C during 4000 h) no cracks.
The areas of butyl reclaim application are: rubber
technical items (rags, plates, spacers, weather strips),
roofing of roll and mastic types, sealing and water
proofing mastics, anticorrosion colors and rubberized
coatings, glue films, rubberized fabric.
The RF Ministry of Health provided a sanitary con-
clusion according to which the diaphragm radiation
butyl reclaim was approved for production, supply, real-
ization and employment on the RF territory.
At present on the basis of data obtained there is be-
ing developed a technology of industry radiation recla-
mation of BR wastes using the electron accelerator with
50 kW power in the volume up to 800 t/year.
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1 A.K.Pikaev. New designs in radiation technology in
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LU-10-20 Linac // Problems of Atomic Science and
Technology, Issue: Nuclear-Physics Researches (34).
1999, v. 3, p. 93.
3 N.V.Zavyalov. Electron Linear Accelerator
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4 V.V.Mikhailova. Production and properties of radi-
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NIIShP articles, Moscow, 1982, p. 47-49.
5 F.K.Miryasova et al. The method of butyl rubber
reclaim. RF Patent №2136708, MPK6 С08 J 11/04,
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6 G.A.Blokh, V.N.Kalinichenko, A.Ya.Vakser et al.
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mers. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1985, p. 187.
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Moscow: CNIITEnephtekhim, 1966, p. 48-50.
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