The negative carbon ion sources for accelerator mass spectrometer
The cesium sputter and Penning negative ion sources were developed and built for isotopic analysis of solid and gas samples by accelerator mass spectrometry. The results of test experiments with ion sources are presented.
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| Дата: | 2006 |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2006
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| Цитувати: | The negative carbon ion sources for accelerator mass spectrometer / N.I. Alinovsky, S.G. Konstantinov, A.V. Kozhemyakin, V.V. Parkhomchuk, S.A. Rastigeev // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 3. — С. 72-74. — Бібліогр.: 1 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-793062015-03-31T03:02:31Z The negative carbon ion sources for accelerator mass spectrometer Alinovsky, N.I. Konstantinov, S.G. Kozhemyakin, A.V. Parkhomchuk, V.V. Rastigeev, S.A. Ускорители заряженных частиц The cesium sputter and Penning negative ion sources were developed and built for isotopic analysis of solid and gas samples by accelerator mass spectrometry. The results of test experiments with ion sources are presented. Для изотопного анализа твердых и газообразных образцов ускорительным масс-спектрометрическим комплексом разработаны и изготовлены распылительный источник ионов и источник ионов типа Пеннинга. Приведены результаты экспериментов по тестированию источников ионов. Для ізотопного аналізу твердих і газоподібних зразків прискорюючим мас-спектрометричним комплексом розроблені і виготовлені розпилювальне джерело іонів і джерело іонів типу Пеннінга. Наведено результати експериментів по тестуванню джерел іонів. 2006 Article The negative carbon ion sources for accelerator mass spectrometer / N.I. Alinovsky, S.G. Konstantinov, A.V. Kozhemyakin, V.V. Parkhomchuk, S.A. Rastigeev // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 3. — С. 72-74. — Бібліогр.: 1 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 29.25.Ni, 29.30.Aj http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/79306 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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English |
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Ускорители заряженных частиц Ускорители заряженных частиц |
| spellingShingle |
Ускорители заряженных частиц Ускорители заряженных частиц Alinovsky, N.I. Konstantinov, S.G. Kozhemyakin, A.V. Parkhomchuk, V.V. Rastigeev, S.A. The negative carbon ion sources for accelerator mass spectrometer Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description |
The cesium sputter and Penning negative ion sources were developed and built for isotopic analysis of solid and
gas samples by accelerator mass spectrometry. The results of test experiments with ion sources are presented. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Alinovsky, N.I. Konstantinov, S.G. Kozhemyakin, A.V. Parkhomchuk, V.V. Rastigeev, S.A. |
| author_facet |
Alinovsky, N.I. Konstantinov, S.G. Kozhemyakin, A.V. Parkhomchuk, V.V. Rastigeev, S.A. |
| author_sort |
Alinovsky, N.I. |
| title |
The negative carbon ion sources for accelerator mass spectrometer |
| title_short |
The negative carbon ion sources for accelerator mass spectrometer |
| title_full |
The negative carbon ion sources for accelerator mass spectrometer |
| title_fullStr |
The negative carbon ion sources for accelerator mass spectrometer |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The negative carbon ion sources for accelerator mass spectrometer |
| title_sort |
negative carbon ion sources for accelerator mass spectrometer |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2006 |
| topic_facet |
Ускорители заряженных частиц |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/79306 |
| citation_txt |
The negative carbon ion sources for accelerator mass spectrometer / N.I. Alinovsky, S.G. Konstantinov, A.V. Kozhemyakin, V.V. Parkhomchuk, S.A. Rastigeev
// Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 3. — С. 72-74. — Бібліогр.: 1 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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2025-07-06T03:23:22Z |
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| fulltext |
THE NEGATIVE CARBON ION SOURCES FOR ACCELERA-
TOR MASS SPECTROMETER
N.I. Alinovsky, S.G. Konstantinov, A.V. Kozhemyakin, V.V. Parkhomchuk, S.A. Rastigeev
BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia
E-mail: S.A.Rastigeev@inp.nsk.su
The cesium sputter and Penning negative ion sources were developed and built for isotopic analysis of solid and
gas samples by accelerator mass spectrometry. The results of test experiments with ion sources are presented.
PACS: 29.25.Ni, 29.30.Aj
1. INTRODUCTION
The accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facility is
under construction at BINP for several SD RAS insti-
tutes. The AMS is mainly dedicated for dating of ar-
chaeological, paleontological and geological samples by
measurements of the ratio between carbon isotopes. Ion
sources are the most important part in AMS facilities.
The tandem accelerator of AMS requires sources of
negative ions. Two types of negative ion sources have
been developed and built. A sputter ion source is re-
quired for analysis of solid samples. A relatively simple
Penning negative ion source with extraction of ions
from anode in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic
field has been developed for adjustment of ion-optics
system of AMS facility at first stage. This source is to
be used for dating of gas samples at the next stage. The
ion sources operate in the continuous mode.
2. NEGATIVE ION SOURSES
2.1. CESIUM SPUTTER ION SOURCE
Negative ions are produced by bombarding a
graphite target with positive cesium ions. A photograph
of the ion source is shown in Fig.1.
Fig.1. Cesium sputter ion source
A cesium vapor is formed by heating of the reservoir
with CsCr2 pellets. Then the vapor via a pipe rises from
the reservoir to the ionizer. The positive charged Cs ions
are produced on a hot tantalum ionizer with temperature
of about 1100°С. The outer side of the ionizer cup is
surrounded by a five-layer tantalum heat shield to mini-
mize thermal losses. The typical current of cesium ions
is about 1 mA when the temperature of cesium oven is
about 600°С. The cesium ion beam is focused on a car-
bon sample placed on the cathode because the working
surface of ionizer is a spherical-shape cup. A copper
sample holder has the inner diameter of 2 mm. The
holder is water cooled to reduce sample heating. The ce-
sium ions leaving the ionizer are accelerated by the 8
kV potential. The negative carbon ions are accelerated
by the same potential and extracted through a 6 mm di-
ameter hole in the center of the ionizer. A permanent
magnet is placed at the exit of the ion source to reflect
the electrons away from the ion beam. A three-electrode
electrostatic lens is located at the exit of the source. The
power consumption of the ion source does not exceed
150 W.
2.2. PENNING ION SOURCE
The cold cathode Penning ion source is of the trans-
verse extraction type. A photograph of the ion source is
shown in Fig.2.
Fig.2. Penning ion source
The ion source is operated by producing an arc dis-
charge in a longitudinal magnetic field. The diameter of
plasma chamber is 12 mm and the length is about
25 mm. The cathode was made of duralumin and the an-
ode was made of copper. The gas is fed through a piezo-
electric flow dozer, which is mounted inside a high volt-
age terminal. The negative ions are extracted from a 0.8
mm diameter hole in anode through the extraction elec-
trode with the hole diameter of 2 mm at the distance of
1.5 mm from the anode hole and then again accelerated
to the ground potential. The dipole magnetic field
strength at the plasma chamber of about 1kG is pro-
duced by permanent magnets. The current and voltage
sources are located inside the high voltage terminal un-
der the potential of the ion source anode. The arc volt-
age and current during the normal operation were 800 V
and 300 mA, respectively. In order to avoid excessive
heating of the ion source, the plasma chamber cover is
water cooled. The three-electrode electrostatic lens is lo-
cated at the exit of the source for ion-optics adjustment.
3. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
The sources were tested using an injection channel
of the AMS facility under the beam tuning conditions
____________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 3.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (47), p.72-74.72
for carbon dating. A photograph of the injection channel
is shown in Fig.3.
Fig.3. Injection channel
The ion beam extracted from the source passes
through the double focusing 90° analyzing magnet, with
15 cm radius and 2.5 cm pole gap. The distance between
the electrostatic lens and the front focal plane of the
magnet was equal to the double focal length of the mag-
net so that the parallel beam was obtained at the exit of
the magnet. The position and angles of extracted beam
are slightly corrected by four electrostatic dipoles. The
beam current is measured by offset Faraday cup placed
at the exit of the magnet. The inner diameter of the
Faraday cup is 10 mm. The 0.5 mm wire with a retard-
ing potential is used for spectrum measurements. The
magnetic field is scanned linearly with time by comput-
er control. The field strength is measured by the Hall
probe. The beam profiles after the magnet are measured
by a single wire profile monitor with the use of the step-
ping motor. The thickness of the wire is 0.5 mm. The
emittance monitor for one direction consists of a single
slit and multi-wire profile monitor. The slit is moved by
stepping motor. All system parameters and data from
the beam diagnostic equipment are displayed online and
stored in the database files. The ion sources are pumped
by a 400 l/s ion pump.
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
During the experiment, the beam energy was 15 keV.
The vacuum of the injection channel is kept better than
5·10-6 Torr for the Penning source and 10-6 Torr for the
sputter source. The vacuum in the sputter source is high-
er because the ion source does not use gas discharge to
generate ion beams. The ion sources produce negative
carbon ion currents up to 40 μA for the sputter source
and to 2 μA for the Penning source. The sputter ion
source can operate for about five hours without replace-
ment of a graphite sample or a cesium pellet. The Pen-
ning source can operate for about one week without
cathode cleaning. Fig.4 shows a typical mass spectrum
for a carbonic dioxide gas.
It is seen that the intensity of the mass-13 peak is
about 2% per stable carbon isotope, but the natural
abundance of 13C is 1.1%. The deviation of the ratio
from the known value is observed because the total cur-
rent of the 13C and 12CH1 ions are measured. The mass
spectrum obtained of the spirituous vapor is shown in
Fig.5.
12 13 14
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
CO2
re
f.
un
its
mass
Fig.4. Mass spectrum of the CO2 gas
12 13 14
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
C2H5OH
re
f.
un
its
mass
Fig.5. Mass spectrum of the spirituous vapor
As seen from the figure, the relative intensity of the
mass-13 peak is increased. It is caused by the presence
of hydrogen atoms in the spirituous molecule. The sig-
nificant mass-14 peak is also visible in the spectrum. It
is mainly the 12CH2 and 13CH molecular currents. The
significant mass-14 peak can be useful for adjustment of
carbon radioisotope transmission through the AMS fa-
cility. Fig.6 shows the mass spectrum of the graphite
target.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
C
C6
CuC5
C4
C3
C2
re
f.
un
its
mass
Fig.6. Mass spectrum of the graphite target
As seen from the figure, the cluster ions are pro-
duced by energetic cesium bombardment of the graphite
target. The relative part of the mass-12 peak is about
30% of the total carbon beam. The stable isotopes of
copper are also visible in the spectrum, since the sample
holder was made of copper. In order to determine the
beam quality, emittance measurements are currently un-
derway. The FWHM of beam size at the exit of the
magnet is about 3 mm. According to the measurements,
the r.m.s. emittances are 7·p·mm·mrad, corresponding to
a contour containing 86.5% of the beam with Gaussian
____________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 3.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (47), p.72-74.73
approximation that is in agreement with the AMS
project data.
SUMMARY
Two types of ion sources required for BINP AMS
facility were developed and built. The sources were test-
ed at low-energy channel of AMS facility.
This work is supported by FASIE* foundation and
by INTAS#.
REFERENS
1. N. Alinovsky et al. The project of accelerator mass
–spectrometr at BINP. Proc. of EPAC 2004,
Lucerne, Switzerland.
* www.fasie.ru
# (IA 03-59-120)
ИСТОЧНИКИ ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫХ ИОНОВ УГЛЕРОДА
ДЛЯ УСКОРИТЕЛЬНОГО МАСС-СПЕКТРОМЕТРА
Н.И. Алиновский, С.Г. Константинов, А.В. Кожемякин, В.В. Пархомчук, С.А. Растигеев
Для изотопного анализа твердых и газообразных образцов ускорительным масс-спектрометрическим
комплексом разработаны и изготовлены распылительный источник ионов и источник ионов типа Пеннинга.
Приведены результаты экспериментов по тестированию источников ионов.
ДЖЕРЕЛА НЕГАТИВНИХ ІОНІВ ВУГЛЕЦЮ ДЛЯ ПРИСКОРЮЮЧОГО МАС-СПЕКТРОМЕТРА
Н.І. Аліновський, С.Г. Константинов, А.В. Кожемякін, В.В. Пархомчук, С.А. Растігєєв
Для ізотопного аналізу твердих і газоподібних зразків прискорюючим мас-спектрометричним
комплексом розроблені і виготовлені розпилювальне джерело іонів і джерело іонів типу Пеннінга. Наведено
результати експериментів по тестуванню джерел іонів.
74
ИСТОЧНИКИ ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫХ ИОНОВ УГЛЕРОДА ДЛЯ УСКОРИТЕЛЬНОГО МАСС‑СПЕКТРОМЕТРА
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