Self-consistency equations for nonunitary phases of superfluid Fermi liquid with spin-triplet pairing in a magnetic field
The generalized Fermi-liquid approach is used (with taking into account of the spin-exchange Fermi-liquid interaction) for description of different nonunitary phases of neutral paramagnetic superfluid Fermi liquid (SFL) with spin-triplet pairing of the ³He type (and also for the dense superfluid pur...
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2001
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irk-123456789-800502015-04-10T03:02:51Z Self-consistency equations for nonunitary phases of superfluid Fermi liquid with spin-triplet pairing in a magnetic field Tarasov, A.N. Quantum fluids The generalized Fermi-liquid approach is used (with taking into account of the spin-exchange Fermi-liquid interaction) for description of different nonunitary phases of neutral paramagnetic superfluid Fermi liquid (SFL) with spin-triplet pairing of the ³He type (and also for the dense superfluid pure neutron matter (SNM) existing inside core of neutron stars) in a strong magnetic field. In particular, the systems of connected nonlinear integral equations for the order parameter and effective magnetic field are obtained on the basis of energy functional (with Landau exchange amplitudes F₀a≠0 and F₂a≠0 ) which is quadratic in distribution functions of quasiparticles for nonunitary phases of ³He - A₂ type for SFL (or SNM) in a strong static and uniform magnetic field at any temperatures 0 ≤ T ≤ Tc (Tc is the normal - superfluid transition temperature). 2001 Article Self-consistency equations for nonunitary phases of superfluid Fermi liquid with spin-triplet pairing in a magnetic field / A.N. Tarasov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 6. — С. 356-359. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 67.57.-z, 05.30.-d, 21.65.+f, 97.60.Jd http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/80050 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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Quantum fluids Quantum fluids |
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Quantum fluids Quantum fluids Tarasov, A.N. Self-consistency equations for nonunitary phases of superfluid Fermi liquid with spin-triplet pairing in a magnetic field Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
description |
The generalized Fermi-liquid approach is used (with taking into account of the spin-exchange Fermi-liquid interaction) for description of different nonunitary phases of neutral paramagnetic superfluid Fermi liquid (SFL) with spin-triplet pairing of the ³He type (and also for the dense superfluid pure neutron matter (SNM) existing inside core of neutron stars) in a strong magnetic field. In particular, the systems of connected nonlinear integral equations for the order parameter and effective magnetic field are obtained on the basis of energy functional (with Landau exchange amplitudes F₀a≠0 and F₂a≠0 ) which is quadratic in distribution functions of quasiparticles for nonunitary phases of ³He - A₂ type for SFL (or SNM) in a strong static and uniform magnetic field at any temperatures 0 ≤ T ≤ Tc (Tc is the normal - superfluid transition temperature). |
format |
Article |
author |
Tarasov, A.N. |
author_facet |
Tarasov, A.N. |
author_sort |
Tarasov, A.N. |
title |
Self-consistency equations for nonunitary phases of superfluid Fermi liquid with spin-triplet pairing in a magnetic field |
title_short |
Self-consistency equations for nonunitary phases of superfluid Fermi liquid with spin-triplet pairing in a magnetic field |
title_full |
Self-consistency equations for nonunitary phases of superfluid Fermi liquid with spin-triplet pairing in a magnetic field |
title_fullStr |
Self-consistency equations for nonunitary phases of superfluid Fermi liquid with spin-triplet pairing in a magnetic field |
title_full_unstemmed |
Self-consistency equations for nonunitary phases of superfluid Fermi liquid with spin-triplet pairing in a magnetic field |
title_sort |
self-consistency equations for nonunitary phases of superfluid fermi liquid with spin-triplet pairing in a magnetic field |
publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
publishDate |
2001 |
topic_facet |
Quantum fluids |
url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/80050 |
citation_txt |
Self-consistency equations for nonunitary phases of superfluid Fermi liquid with spin-triplet pairing in a magnetic field / A.N. Tarasov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 6. — С. 356-359. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ. |
series |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT tarasovan selfconsistencyequationsfornonunitaryphasesofsuperfluidfermiliquidwithspintripletpairinginamagneticfield |
first_indexed |
2025-07-06T03:59:12Z |
last_indexed |
2025-07-06T03:59:12Z |
_version_ |
1836868544316309504 |
fulltext |
SELF-CONSISTENCY EQUATIONS FOR NONUNITARY PHASES
OF SUPERFLUID FERMI LIQUID WITH SPIN-TRIPLET PAIRING
IN A MAGNETIC FIELD
A.N. Tarasov
Institute for Theoretical Physics
National Science Center "Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology", Kharkov, Ukraine
e-mail: antarasov@kipt.kharkov.ua
The generalized Fermi-liquid approach is used (with taking into account of the spin-exchange Fermi-liquid inter-
action) for description of different nonunitary phases of neutral paramagnetic superfluid Fermi liquid (SFL) with
spin-triplet pairing of the He3 type (and also for the dense superfluid pure neutron matter (SNM) existing inside
core of neutron stars) in a strong magnetic field. In particular, the systems of connected nonlinear integral equations
for the order parameter and effective magnetic field are obtained on the basis of energy functional (with Landau ex-
change amplitudes 00 ≠aF and 02 ≠aF ) which is quadratic in distribution functions of quasiparticles for nonunitary
phases of 2
3 AHe − type for SFL (or SNM) in a strong static and uniform magnetic field at any temperatures
cTT ≤≤0 ( cT is the normal - superfluid transition temperature).
PACS: 67.57.-z, 05.30.-d, 21.65.+f, 97.60.Jd
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE
METHOD
This research is devoted to theoretical analysis of su-
perfluid Fermi liquids (SFL) with spin-triplet pairing in
a magnetic field. We consider a SFL consisting of elec-
trically neutral fermions possessing a magnetic moment.
Such SFL include, for example, the superfluid phases of
He3 and the extreme limit of isospin-asymmetric nucle-
ar matter, namely superfluid pure neutron matter (SNM)
(existing inside core of neutron stars). These phases
were studied by many authors on the basis of different
methods (see, for example, the reviews [1,2] and mono-
graphs [3-5]).
The Fermi-liquid approach generalized to superfluid
systems [6-8] was used in [9,10] to derive a system of
coupled equations for the order parameter (OP), effect-
ive magnetic field (EMF) and energy of quasiparticles of
a superfluid Fermi liquid in the general case of spin-
triplet pairing (spin of a pair is 1=s , orbital angular
momentum l of a pair is an arbitrary odd number) in
static uniform magnetic field, taking into account the
Landau spin-exchange normal Fermi-liquid (NFL) inter-
action at temperatures cTT ≤≤0 .
In this research general equations from [9,10] are
used for deriving the equations for the OP and EMF
which are valid for nonunitary superfluid phases of
2
3 AHe − type (and SNM) with taking into account only
the p-wave pairing interaction ( 1=s , 1=l ) and with
00 ≠aF , 02 ≠aF in the spin-exchange NFL interac-
tion. We restrict ourselves to the case of thermodynamic
equilibrium.
To describe the equilibrium states of superfluid
phases of He3 type in sufficiently strong static uniform
magnetic field H we introduce the energy functional
(EF) );,,( HggfE + for this SFL, which is invariant to
phase transformations and rotations both in coordinate
and spin spaces separately. The EF can be written in the
form (for details see [8,9,10])
).,()();();,,( 210
++ ++= ggEfEHfEHggfE (1)
Here 1212 aaSpf +≡ ρ and 1212 aaSpg ρ≡ , +++ ≡ 1212 aaSpg ρ
are the normal and abnormal distribution functions (DF)
for quasiparticles ( ρ is the statistical operator, +
1a and
1a are the creation and annihilation operators for Fermi
quasiparticles in the state ≡1 11,sp , where 1p is the mo-
mentum and 1s is the spin component along the quantiz-
ation axis).
Expression (1) contains the energy of noninteracting
fermions ( He3 atoms or neutrons in the case of SNM)
);(0 HfE in a magnetic field, the energy functional
)(1 fE possessing the above mentioned symmetry prop-
erties, which describes NFL interactions:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )[∑ +=
21
20211101 ,
2
1
pp
pppp fFf
V
fE
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ]221211 , ppppp αα fFf+ , (2)
where we take into account the fact that in spatially ho-
mogeneous case under investigation
( ) ( ) ( )
212121 ,11012 ][ pppp δσδ αα ssss fff += (3)
100 PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2001, № 6, p. 356-359.
(V is the volume occupied by the SFL, ασ are the Pauli
matrices, 3,2,1=α ). NFL functions ( )211 ,ppF and
( )212 ,ppF of interaction between quasiparticles (intro-
duced by Landau) depend on the angle θ between 1p
and 2p lying on the Fermi surface, and hence can be ex-
panded into a series in Legendre polynomials:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )θθ cos12 2,1
0
2,1 l
l
l
PFlF ∑
∞
=
+= . (4)
Here, in accordance with [9,10], we have denoted by
)(
2,1
lF the NFL Landau's amplitudes, but in the literature
such amplitudes are usually symbolized by as
lF , (see,
e.g., [4,5,11]).
Finally, the last term in (1), which satisfies the prop-
erties of invariance listed above, can be chosen, for ex-
ample, in a form quadratic in g , i.e.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )2211
*
2
21
,1, pppp
pp
αα gLg
V
ggE t∑=+ , (5)
where
( ) ( ) ( )ppp −−== ααα σσ ggSp
i
g s 22
1
.
Expression (5) contains abnormal Fermi-liquid function
of interaction ( )21,pptL between quasiparticles leading
to triplet pairing. In the following we shall take into ac-
count only p-wave pairing between He3 atoms (or neut-
rons), i.e.
( ) ( ) ( ) ,ˆˆ3, 1
2121 LLt pppp ⋅−= ( )( )01 >L . (6)
The OP for superfluid phases of He3 type has the form
in the spatially homogeneous case (see [9,10])
( ) ( )( ) ,,,2
221 121
21
2
12 ppp −+
+
∆=
∂
∂=∆ δσσ αα ssi
g
ggE
( ) ( )pp αα ∆−=−∆ . (7)
The energy matrix for quasiparticles is defined as
( ) ( ) =
∂
∂=
+
21
12
;,,;
f
HggfEHfε
( ) ( ) ( )[ ]
212121 ,11 ;; pppp δσξδε ββ ssss ff += , (8)
where the function ( )pξ is associated with the effective
magnetic field ( )pHeff inside SFL (or SNM) through
formula [9,10]:
( ) ( )( )
ββ µξ pp effn H−≡ (9)
( nµ is the magnetic dipole moment of nuclei of He3
atom (or neutron)).
From (5)-(7) it follows the equation for the OP:
( )
( )
( ) ( )pppp
p
′′⋅−=∆ ∑
′
αα g
V
L13
, (10)
and from (2),(3) and (8),(9) we find the equation for
( )pαξ :
( ) ( ) ( )∑
′
′′+−=
p
pppp ααα µξ fF
V
Hn ,
2
1
2 . (11)
The general explicit expressions for abnormal and nor-
mal DF ( )pαg and ( )pαf for quasiparticles of the so-
called nonunitary phases of SFL (or SNM) with spin-
triplet pairing in a strong magnetic field H and at
cTT ≤≤0 have the following form [10]:
( ) =pαg
[ ] ( ) ( ) ( )[ ]
( ) ( ) −
−
Φ−Φ
∆⋅+∆=
−+
+−
pp
vpvp
22
,,2,
2 EE
i nn
ξξβ αα
( ) ( )[ ]nn vpvp ,,
2 −+ Φ+Φ∆− α , (12)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )[ ]
( ) ( ) −
−
Φ−Φ
∆⋅∆+=
−+
+−∗
pp
vpvpp 22
,,2Re
2 EE
zf nn
ξβ
α
α
α
( ) ( )[ ]nn v,pv,p
2 −+
α Φ+Φξ− +
( ) ( )[ ]
( ) ( )pp
vpvp
22
,,
−+
−+
−
Ψ−Ψ
EE
nn
αβ . (13)
Here the functions ( )p±E , which are the energies of the
quasiparticles in the SFL (or SNM) (with spin projec-
tions parallel and antiparallel to the magnetic field),
have the following general form
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )pppp 222 γβα +±≡±E , (14)
where
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )pppp 222
ξα ++∆≡ z
,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )ppppp ααα ξηβ zl 2+≡ , ( ) ( ) ( )ppp ∆⋅≡
ξγ 2 ,
( ) ( ) µε −≡ pz p , ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )[ ]pp
p
pl ∗∆×∆≡
η
i
,
and )( pε is the kinetic energy of a quasiparticle, µ is
the chemical potential. The value ( ) ( ) ( )ppp ∗∆×∆≡
η is
nonzero for the nonunitary phases of SFL with triplet
pairing. The functions ±Φ and ±Ψ in (12), (13) are giv-
en by the formulas:
( ) ≡Φ ± nvp,
( )
( ) ( )
⋅−+
⋅+≡ ±±
± T
Eth
T
Eth
E
nn
224
1 vppvpp
p ,
101
( ) ≡Ψ ± nvp,
( ) ( )
⋅−−
⋅+≡ ±±
T
Eth
T
Eth nn
224
1 vppvpp
. (15)
Here nv is the nornal component velocity of the SFL
(we assume that the superfluid component is at rest,
0=sv ).
We stress that in the derivation of formulas (12) and
(13) we have not specified the structure of the energy
functional );,,( HggfE + but have only assumed that it
has certain invariance properties mentioned above. The
universal formulas (12) and (13) for the anomalous
( )pαg and normal ( )pαf distribution functions of the
quasiparticles are valid in the general case for arbitrary
nonunitary ( 0≠η ) phases of a SFL (or SNM) (with
0≠nv but 0=sv ) with triplet pairing (with 1=s and l
an arbitrary odd integer) in a sufficiently strong static
uniform magnetic field with allowance for the Landau
Fermi-liquid exchange interaction.
EQUATIONS FOR THE ORDER PARAME-
TER AND EFFECTIVE MAGNETIC FIELD
Knowing the explicit form of the quasiparticle DFs
for a specific choice of structure of the energy functional
(e.g., see (1), (2) and (5)) we can obtain a system of cou-
pled equations (from (10), (11)) for the order parameter
( )pα∆ (7) and effective magnetic field )(pH eff (9) for
the different phases of the SFL (or SNM).
Let us consider the nonunitary superfluid phase of
2
3 AHe − type in the case of triplet p -wave pairing.
The order parameter for such phase has the form:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )pp ˆˆˆ2 ψααα eidA
−+ ∆+∆=∆ ,
( ) ( ) jjj pnim ˆˆˆˆ +≡pψ , ppp ≡ˆ . (16)
Here d̂ and ê are mutually orthogonal real unit vectors
in spin space, 0ˆˆ =⋅ ed , 1ˆˆ 22 == ed ; m̂ and n̂ are mu-
tually orthogonal real unit vectors in orbital space,
0ˆˆ =⋅ nm , 1ˆˆ 22 == nm . The structure of functions
( ) ( ) ( )( ) 2TTT ↓ ↓↑ ↑± ∆±∆≡∆ corresponds to the case of
Cooper pairing in the states with spin projections, which
are equal to 1 and –1 on the quantization axis H. In the
nonunitary phase of the 1
3 AHe − type 0=∆ ↓ ↓ and in
the limit of zero magnetic field the unitary phase
( )0=η of the AHe −3 type with 0∆≡∆=∆ ↓ ↓↑ ↑ is re-
alized.
Thus, in the case of the energy functional of SFL (or
SNM) quadratic in the DFs of quasiparticles we have
obtained the following system of equations for the func-
tions ( )ξ,T+∆ and ( )ξ,T−∆ (from Eqs. (10), (12) and
(16)):
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )∫
+Φ+Φ∆⋅=∆ −+++ 2
1ˆˆˆ
2
3ˆ 111
3
3
1
pppp ψ
π
ψ pdL
+ ( ) ( )
−
Φ−Φ
∆+
++∆
−+
−+
+− 22
2 2
2
2
1
EE
iz dedl ξξξξη ,
(17.a)
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )∫
Φ+Φ∆⋅=∆ −+−− 2
1ˆˆˆ
2
3ˆ 111
3
3
1
pppp ψ
π
ψ pdL
+
+ ( ) ( )
−
Φ−Φ
∆+
−+∆
−+
−+
−+ 22
2 2
2
2
1
EE
iz eedl ξξξξη .
(17.b)
Here all functions, which are inside the braces { } , de-
pend on the vector 1p and we have introduced by defini-
tion the functions ( ) ( )( )dpp ˆ⋅≡ ξξ
d , ( ) ( )( )epp ˆ⋅≡ ξξ
e and
( ) ( )( )lpp ⋅≡ ξξ
l .
In deriving the equations for the effective magnetic
field ( )pHeff inside the SFL (or SNM) it has been taken
into account the expansion (4) of the normal function of
Fermi-liquid exchange interaction ( )12 ,ppF into a series
in Legendre polinomials, in which we kept only the ( )0
2F
and ( )2
2F Landau exchange amplitudes, i.e.
( ) ( ) ( )2
212
0
212 )ˆ,ˆ(5, FPFF pppp +≈ ,
(we have set ( ) 02 =lF for ,6,4=l ). In the case when
( ) 02
2 ≠F the function ( )pξ
depends on the p and, gen-
erally speaking, is not collinear to external magnetic
field H .
Utilizing the explicit expressions (13) for ( )pαf [10]
we have obtained the following system of nonlinear inte-
gral equations for the scalar functions ( )pdξ , ( )peξ and
( )plξ (in the case when both the normal and superfluid
components of the SFL (or SNM) are at rest, i.e. with
velocities 0=nv , 0=sv ):
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )Hpp ˆˆ2
22
2
00
2 ⋅Ω−Ω−= PFF dddξ ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )Hpp ˆˆ2
22
2
00
2 ⋅Ω−Ω−= PFF eeeξ , (18)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )Hpp ˆˆ2
22
2
00
2 ⋅Ω−Ω−−= PFFH llnl µξ .
Here lH || and unknown functions ( )0
aΩ and ( )2
aΩ (
{ }leda ,,≡ ) are defined by the formulas:
( )
( ) ( ) ( )∫
−
≡Ω
1
1
112
0 coscos
22
1 θκθ
π aa d ,
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )∫
−
−≡Ω
1
1
11
2
12
2 cos1cos3cos
24
5 θκθθ
π aa d . (19)
We have introduced in the formulas (19) the following
functions ( )1p̂aκ :
( ) ( )([ +≡ ∫ 1
2
0
1
2
11
max
pzpdp
p
dd pξκ
) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )( )
+
−
Φ−Φ
∆+
−+
−+
+
1
2
1
2
11
1
22
2
1
sin
pp
pp
EE
θ
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2000, №2.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (36), с. 3-6.
102
( ) ( )( )
Φ+Φ+ −+ 112
1 pp , (20.a)
( ) ( )([ +≡ ∫ 1
2
0
1
2
11
max
pzpdp
p
ee pξκ
) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )( )
+
−
Φ−Φ
∆+
−+
−+
−
1
2
1
2
11
1
22
2
1
sin
pp
pp
EE
θ
( ) ( )( )
Φ+Φ+ −+ 112
1 pp , (20.b)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )( )∫
+
−
Φ−Φ
≡
−+
−+
max
0
1
2
1
2
11
1
2
1
2
11
2
1
p
ll
EE
pzpdp
pp
pp
pξκ
( ) ( )( ) +
Φ+Φ+ −+ 112
1 pp
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )( )
−
Φ−Φ∆∆+
−+
−+
−+
1
2
1
2
11
1
2
1
2
1sin
pp
pp
EE
pz θ . (20.c)
CONCLUSION
Thus, for the description of the equilibrium proper-
ties of the SFL (or SNM) in the case of spin-triplet pair-
ing in the state with ( )pα∆ of the form (16) in a high
static and uniform magnetic field it is necessary to solve
the systems of connected nonlinear integral equations
(17.a), (17.b) and (18) (with taking into account defini-
tions (19) and (20.a-c)). In the general case at arbitrary
temperatures from the interval cTT ≤≤0 these equa-
tions cannot be solved analytically (but they can be
solved, for example, by the using of the numerical meth-
ods). These results generalize the work [12] (where Fer-
mi-liquid corrections were neglected) and our previous
work [13] (where only )0(
2F NFL exchange Landau am-
plitude was taken into account).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author is grateful to S.V. Peletminskii and
A.A. Yatsenko for their interest in this work and for use-
ful discussions of the results. This work was supported
in part by the STCU (Project №1480).
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103
SELF-CONSISTENCY EQUATIONS FOR NONUNITARY PHASES
OF SUPERFLUID FERMI LIQUID WITH SPIN-TRIPLET PAIRING
IN A MAGNETIC FIELD
A.N. Tarasov
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE METHOD
EQUATIONS FOR THE ORDER PARAMETER AND EFFECTIVE MAGNETIC FIELD
CONCLUSION
acknowledgmentS
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