Development of radiation technologies on VNIIEF LU-10-20 linac
In the present article there is given a review of a number of last works conducted at VNIIEF with the use of this accelerator.
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| Дата: | 1999 |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
1999
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| Назва видання: | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| Цитувати: | Development of radiation technologies on VNIIEF LU-10-20 linac / N.V. Zavyalov, V.I.In’kov, N.A. Lisovenko, V.T. Punin, N.P. Sitnikov, V.P. Tarantasov, A.V. Telnov, Yu.A. Khohlov, D.N. Shadrin, I.V. Shorikov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 1999. — № 3. — С. 93-94. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-813462015-05-15T03:02:38Z Development of radiation technologies on VNIIEF LU-10-20 linac Zavyalov, N.V. In’kov, V.I. Lisovenko, N.A. Punin, V.T. Sitnikov, N.P. Tarantasov, V.P. Telnov, A.V. Khohlov, Yu.A. Shadrin, D.N. Shorikov, I.V. In the present article there is given a review of a number of last works conducted at VNIIEF with the use of this accelerator. 1999 Article Development of radiation technologies on VNIIEF LU-10-20 linac / N.V. Zavyalov, V.I.In’kov, N.A. Lisovenko, V.T. Punin, N.P. Sitnikov, V.P. Tarantasov, A.V. Telnov, Yu.A. Khohlov, D.N. Shadrin, I.V. Shorikov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 1999. — № 3. — С. 93-94. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/81346 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| description |
In the present article there is given a review of a number of last works conducted at VNIIEF with the use of this accelerator. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Zavyalov, N.V. In’kov, V.I. Lisovenko, N.A. Punin, V.T. Sitnikov, N.P. Tarantasov, V.P. Telnov, A.V. Khohlov, Yu.A. Shadrin, D.N. Shorikov, I.V. |
| spellingShingle |
Zavyalov, N.V. In’kov, V.I. Lisovenko, N.A. Punin, V.T. Sitnikov, N.P. Tarantasov, V.P. Telnov, A.V. Khohlov, Yu.A. Shadrin, D.N. Shorikov, I.V. Development of radiation technologies on VNIIEF LU-10-20 linac Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| author_facet |
Zavyalov, N.V. In’kov, V.I. Lisovenko, N.A. Punin, V.T. Sitnikov, N.P. Tarantasov, V.P. Telnov, A.V. Khohlov, Yu.A. Shadrin, D.N. Shorikov, I.V. |
| author_sort |
Zavyalov, N.V. |
| title |
Development of radiation technologies on VNIIEF LU-10-20 linac |
| title_short |
Development of radiation technologies on VNIIEF LU-10-20 linac |
| title_full |
Development of radiation technologies on VNIIEF LU-10-20 linac |
| title_fullStr |
Development of radiation technologies on VNIIEF LU-10-20 linac |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Development of radiation technologies on VNIIEF LU-10-20 linac |
| title_sort |
development of radiation technologies on vniief lu-10-20 linac |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
1999 |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/81346 |
| citation_txt |
Development of radiation technologies on VNIIEF LU-10-20 linac / N.V. Zavyalov, V.I.In’kov, N.A. Lisovenko, V.T. Punin, N.P. Sitnikov, V.P. Tarantasov, A.V. Telnov, Yu.A. Khohlov, D.N. Shadrin, I.V. Shorikov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 1999. — № 3. — С. 93-94. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — англ. |
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Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| fulltext |
DEVELOPMENT OF RADIATION TECHNOLOGIES ON VNIIEF
LU-10-20 LINAC
N.V. Zavyalov, V.I. In’kov, N.A. Lisovenko, V.T. Punin, N.P. Sitnikov, V.P.Tarantasov,
A.V.Telnov, Yu.A. Khohlov, D.N. Shadrin, I.V. Shorikov
Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental
Physics, Sarov
For recent 5 years the VNIIEF specialists have
been searching for new technologies whose application
provides a significant economical effect [1].
As compared to the common thermal and
chemical methods of action, the radiation technologies
have significant economic and engineering advantages
and are ecologically pure technology processes.
Application of electron accelerators has a
number of obvious advantages, as compared to the
sources of ionizing radiation of other types. A
possibility of regulating (in a wide range) the power and
geometry of a beam provides great possibilities both
from the point of view of technology and of safety of
works performed.
For radiation study and development of new
production technologies at VNIIEF there was created a
linear resonance electron accelerator LU-10-20 [2],
possessing the following parameters:
accelerated electrons energy ................. 7-9 MeV;
electron beam power.............................. 12-15 kW;
current pulse duration............................ 2...5 µs;
beam diameter........................................25 mm;
current pulse repetition rate................... 1-1000 Hz;
electron beam diameter.......................... 20 mm;
irregularity of radiation fields
on width of 500 mm.......................<10%;
power supply..........................................150 kW.
In the present article there is given a review of a
number of last works conducted at VNIIEF with the use
of this accelerator.
EXPERIENCE OF RADIATION HIGH-VISCOUS
RESIDUAL FUEL OIL PROCESSING
Growth of oil products consumption in the whole
world calls the necessity of creating principally new
technologies of oil processing, differing in high
production, final products quality, high ecology and
relatively low energy consumption. For example, it is
forecasted that summary world consumption of one of
basic chemical products – olefin raw material- will rise
from 190 million tons in 1997 to 350 million tons by
2010. Oil remains the main raw material source (65%)
[3].
Destructive processing of oil raw material, as a
result of radiation-thermal action, is one of the most
important and promising areas when creating the
modern petrochemical technologies; these technologies
allow to provide a purposeful change of the
petrochemical synthesis products composition, to raise a
degree of the used raw material processing, to diminish
energy consumption of technology process
performance, as well as the ecology load on the
surrounding medium. The increase of the required
fractions output or diminishing of energy consumption
even by several percents provides a significant
economical effect for the large-tonnage production
including oil processing.
At present the main ways of oil processing are
catalytic processes: catalytic cracking, catalytic
pyrolysis and catalytic oil reforming. These processes
allow one to obtain from oil raw material a whole
number of products.
Application of catalysts requires additional time
and technology efforts. Here refer: catalysts production,
preliminary refining of raw material from matters which
can deactivate the catalyst: sulphur compounds, heavy
metals, resin-asphalt matters and the necessity of
regenerating the spent catalysts.
To overcome the pointed flaws there allow
radiation thermal ways of oil raw material processing, in
particular the radiation thermal cracking.
The process of radiation-thermal oil cracking
(RTC) and its individual fractions was investigated by
Soviet scientists and these data are presented in
literature [4,5,6,7]. In paper[4] there are considered the
possibilities for carrying out radiation thermal processes
in oil processing on the example of RTC n-hexane.
Irradiation was conducted on γ-facility K-300000 at
MEPCI of Karpov. The dose rate changed from 7.8 up
to 16.7 Gy/s, the maximally absorbed dose constituted
20 kGy. The autoclave pressure depended on
temperature and conditions of the experiment and did
not exceed 10 MPa. The experiments were conducted at
temperatures from 573 K to 723 K.
In the result of the performed experiments there
was shown that in conditions, when thermal cracking
practically did not occur, the G value of radiation-
chemical output of n-hexane decomposition at 720K
was equal approximately to 1000mol/100eV. In the
paper there is made a conclusion on the possibility of
conducting RTC within a production scale with the aid
of uranium in-pile loop, created on the basis of high-
temperature nuclear reactors.
According to [5] gasoil was subject to the
radiation thermal cracking at temperatures of 573÷
673 K in the dose range (0.5÷2)⋅105 Gy, the dose rate
from the γ-quanta source 60Co 5.1 Gy/s, the process was
performed in the autoclave. It was shown that at equal
conditions of conducting the process at radiation
thermal cracking there was reached the depth of
conversion by 1.5÷2 times exceeding the product output
at thermal process. Radiation also contributes to the
process of sulphur removal of light oil products
obtained. As in paper [4], for practical use there is
considered a possibility for applying heat and radiation
of nuclear reactor.
In paper [6] there are presented the results of
studying the main regularities of RTC fuel oil of
Atyrausskii petroleum processing plant, representing a
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 1999. №3.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования. (34), с. 93-95.
93
mixture of heavy oil fractions with boiling point of
Tb>673 K. As a source of high-energy electrons, there
was used ELU-4 electron acelerator with average
electron energy 4 MeV. The dose rate changed from
1 kGy/s up to 4 kGy and the absorbed dose - from 1 up
to 40 kGy. Experiments were performed in two different
modes of electron beam action on fuel oil: a stationary
mode and a running one. It was demonstrated that
optimal RTC temperature was 673÷683 K. The output
of gasoline fractions with Tb<473K was 1.5 times
higher than that at thermal cracking. The gasoline
fraction obtained was characterized by high octane
numbers 76÷80 and low sulphur content (by 35 times
lower as compared to the initial product). The content of
aromatic and naphthenes hydrocarbon in RTC products
was much higher than at the common thermal cracking.
In paper [7] there was investigated liquid and
gas-phase radiation-thermal cracking of n-hexane at 573
÷673K and irradiation by γ-source 60Co, dose rate 150÷
460 Gy/h for liquid-phase and 240÷560 Gy/h for gas-
phase process. It was shown that irradiation abruptly
increased the process rate, not affecting the set of final
carboniferous cracking products. A large amount of
molecular hydrogen was formed at radiation thermal
cracking.
In spite of good results of studying RTC of oil
and oil products, there have been yet created no
technology of radiation-chemical processing of oil raw
material [8, 9, 10]. At VNIIEF there have been started
works on studying a possibility of creating the
production technology of fuel oil RTC.
The experiments were conducted on
bremsstrahlung radiation in the stationary mode. The
reactor represented a closed system of 650 cm3
excluding the mass transfer with the environment. The
reactor was designed and tested with ultimate pressure
of 40 kgf/cm2. In the experiments the maximum excess
pressure did not exceed 11 kgf/cm2. The fuel oil volume
in the reactor was 120 cm3.
After irradiating the gas phase was analyzed by the
chromatography method. Viscosity was determined for
liquid phase according to All-Union State Standard
33-82, as well as the fraction composition - according to
All-Union State Standard 2177-82.
The experimental data analysis allows to make a
conclusion that the results obtained correspond basically
to literature data in the temperature range 250÷350 C°.
It should be also noted that:
additional output of light petrol fractions up to 5% vol.
was obtained;
abrupt lowering of viscosity up to 28 cSt at initial fuel
oil viscosity of 1200 cSt, measured at 20 C°, was
observed;
a large amount of hydrogen, saturated and unsaturated
hydrocarbons, being valuable raw material for
chemical production, was obtained;
an intense fuel oil sulphur remove was observed
(hydrogen sulphide formation).
For production technology it is necessary to
develop the running irradiation mode with rise of dose
rate up to tens kGy/s, for this purpose it is planned to
continue a study of accelerated electron beam action on
oil raw material.
PROCESSING OF SLIDING SKI SURFACE
The technology of special radiation treatment of
the ski sliding surface is developed in RFNC-VNIIEF in
collaboration with VISTI (All-Russian Institute of Sport
Technics and Equipment).
The treatment technology basis is the irradiation
of the ski surface with accelerated electron beam. This
leads to the modification of the chemical structure of the
irradiated polymer system. The break of some chemical
bonds and the creation of new ones result in irreversible
modifications of physical and mechanical properties of
the polymer material.
Laboratory tests show a decrease of the
coefficient of sliding friction by 10÷12%.
The first activities performed allowed to our
Russian Team to ski successfully at the XVIII Olympic
Games in Nagano, and during the final laps of World
Cup in 1998. Olympic champions Galina Kukleva and
Juliya Chepalova as well as the bronze prizeman
Vladimir Drachev used the processed skis during the
competition. We have got an approval from
A.I.Tikhonov, president of the Union of biathlonists.
The worked out technology, as sport specialists
say, is very promising and should be given a further
development.
No foreign analogues of technology are known
by this time.
RADIATION DECOMPOSITION OF SPENT
BUTYL RUBBERS
The problems of nature resources economy
through the use of production and consumption wastes
acquire greater importance with each year, as they allow
to solve also ecology problems together with the
economic ones. It is more acute in relation to polymeric
systems based on saturated rubbers, for example, butyl
rubber, used in tire industry, as due to their high
resistance to the action of oxygen, ozone, sole radiation
and bacteria they contaminate the surrounding media for
rather a long period. At the same time these systems
represent valuable raw material for reuse.
Radiation destruction of polymers containing a
quaternary carbon atom is the most promising method,
as due to high penetrating capability of ionizing
radiation it is characterized by the absence of expensive
destruction agents, contaminated sewage and gaseous
effluents.
The known methods of radiation destruction of
spent butyl rubber with accelerated electrons energy use
implies a preliminary material grinding (bits of 1 mm
size) followed by its formation into a sheet and
irradiation. Such an approach does not give an
opportunity to implement the method within production
scale due to low process production, limited by the
grinding operation [11]. Application of plane sources of
γ-radiation Co60 allows us to perform destruction of
large material pieces, but for providing even irradiation
it is required to increase the source surface or make the
material turn around the source [12]. Besides, the
danger of contaminating production areas with
radioactive materials also limits the volumes of butyl
rubber production processing.
94
Together with the Center on development of
elastomers at Kazanskii State Polytechnic University
there were conducted the first experiments on
application of electron beams for decomposition spent
rubber what will allow to:
- provide even irradiation of material along the whole
volume;
- exclude additional operations of grinding the material;
- raise the production of technology facility for utilizing
polymeric wastes;
- diminish a danger of ecology contamination of the
surrounding area.
Irradiation of the pilot waste batch on butyl
rubber base was carried out. Preliminary laboratory
investigations of physics-chemical properties of a
destructant demonstrated a possibility for its reuse in
production without lowering of item quality.
It is planned to develop a technology of
production radiation utilization of wastes on butyl
rubber base up to 800tn/year.
REFERENCES
1. Zavyalov N.V., Khohlov Yu.A., Inkov V.I. et. al.
Industrial linear electron accelerator LU-10-20// XV
International Workshop on Charged Particle Linear
Accelerators.-VANT. - ser. Nuclear-Physics
Research.-№29-30-v1.-p. 39.
2. Zavyalov N.V., Khokhlov Yu.A., Telnov A.V. et al.
Electron Linear Accelerator LU-10-20// XVIII
International Linac Conference, Compendium of
Scientific Linacs.- Geneva.- 26-30 aug.- 1996.-
p.159.
3. Annual Conference CMAI on the state and
perspectives of world petrochemical industry
development. Oil and Gas Technologies. №5/6,
1998, p. 78-81 (in Russian).
4. G.M.Panchenko, A.V.Putilov, T.N.Zhuravlov et al.
Investigations of the basic rule of the radiation-
thermal cracking of N-hexadecane. High Energy
Chemistry, v.15, №5, 1981, p.426 (in Russian).
5. G.I.Zhuravlov, S.V.Voznesenskiy, I.V.Borisenko et
al. Radiation-thermal effect on the heavy oil
residium. High Energy Chemistry, v.25, №1, 1991,
p.27 (in Russian).
6. N.K.Nadirov, P,F,Zaykina, Yu.A.Zaykin. State and
perspectives of radiation treatment of heavy oil and
natural bitumen. NIIETF KazGY, NPO
”Kazneftebitum”, Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan (in
Russian).
7. Effect of radiation on the thermal cracking of N-
hexadecane. “Products of radiation-thermal
cracking”. Wu G., Katsumura Y., at all //Ind. And
Eng. Chem. Res. – 1997, 36, N6, p.1973
8. A.K.Pikaev. Modern radiation chemistry. Solid state
and polymers. Applied appearence.- Moscow,
Nauka Publ, 1987 (in Russian).
9. A.K.Pikaev. Modern status of radiation chemistry and
technology (report). High Energy Chemistry, v.25,
№1, 1991 (in Russian).
10. A.K.Pikaev. New elaboration of radiation
technology in Russia (review). High Energy
Chemistry, v.33, №1, 1999, p.3 (in Russian).
11. Mikhaylov V.V. Generation and propeties of
radiation butyl-regenerator. Treament of the
threadbare tire / Transactions of NIIShP, Moscow,
1982, p.47-49 (in Russian).
12. Miryasova F.К. et al.. Method of tire regeneration
based on butyl-caoutchouc. Application
№97109613.04009808 from 06.06.97. MPK
С 080 11.04, С 08 L23:22.
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 1999. №3.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования. (34), с. 93-95.
95
EXPERIENCE OF RADIATION HIGH-VISCOUS RESIDUAL FUEL OIL PROCESSING
PROCESSING OF SLIDING SKI SURFACE
RADIATION DECOMPOSITION OF SPENT BUTYL RUBBERS
REFERENCES
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