Ion linear accelerator as a sourse of narrow-beamed neutrons
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| Дата: | 1999 |
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| Автори: | , , , , , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | English |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
1999
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| Назва видання: | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| Онлайн доступ: | http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/81351 |
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| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | Ion linear accelerator as a sourse of narrow-beamed neutrons / V.M. Sanin, V.A. Bomko, B.V. Zaitsev, A.P. Kobets, Yu.P. Mazalov, Yu.V. Meleschkova, B.I. Rudjak // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 1999. — № 3. — С. 99-100. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| id |
irk-123456789-81351 |
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dspace |
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irk-123456789-813512015-05-15T03:02:38Z Ion linear accelerator as a sourse of narrow-beamed neutrons Sanin, V.M. Bomko, V.A. Zaitsev, B.V. Kobets, A.P. Mazalov, Yu.P. Meleschkova, Yu.V. Rudjak, B.I. 1999 Article Ion linear accelerator as a sourse of narrow-beamed neutrons / V.M. Sanin, V.A. Bomko, B.V. Zaitsev, A.P. Kobets, Yu.P. Mazalov, Yu.V. Meleschkova, B.I. Rudjak // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 1999. — № 3. — С. 99-100. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/81351 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Sanin, V.M. Bomko, V.A. Zaitsev, B.V. Kobets, A.P. Mazalov, Yu.P. Meleschkova, Yu.V. Rudjak, B.I. |
| spellingShingle |
Sanin, V.M. Bomko, V.A. Zaitsev, B.V. Kobets, A.P. Mazalov, Yu.P. Meleschkova, Yu.V. Rudjak, B.I. Ion linear accelerator as a sourse of narrow-beamed neutrons Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| author_facet |
Sanin, V.M. Bomko, V.A. Zaitsev, B.V. Kobets, A.P. Mazalov, Yu.P. Meleschkova, Yu.V. Rudjak, B.I. |
| author_sort |
Sanin, V.M. |
| title |
Ion linear accelerator as a sourse of narrow-beamed neutrons |
| title_short |
Ion linear accelerator as a sourse of narrow-beamed neutrons |
| title_full |
Ion linear accelerator as a sourse of narrow-beamed neutrons |
| title_fullStr |
Ion linear accelerator as a sourse of narrow-beamed neutrons |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Ion linear accelerator as a sourse of narrow-beamed neutrons |
| title_sort |
ion linear accelerator as a sourse of narrow-beamed neutrons |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
1999 |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/81351 |
| citation_txt |
Ion linear accelerator as a sourse of narrow-beamed neutrons / V.M. Sanin, V.A. Bomko, B.V. Zaitsev, A.P. Kobets, Yu.P. Mazalov, Yu.V. Meleschkova, B.I. Rudjak // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 1999. — № 3. — С. 99-100. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| fulltext |
ION LINEAR ACCELERATOR AS A SOURCE OF NARROW-BEAMED
NEUTRONS
V.M.Sanin, V.A.Bomko, B.V.Zaitsev, A.P.Kobets, Yu.P.Mazalov, Yu.V.Meleschkova,
B.I.Rudjak
NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
For creation of intensive fast neutron sources
based on accelerators of charged particles one usually
applied the beams of accelerated protons or deuterons
which bombard the targets consisting of the elements of
comparatively low atom masses (2H, 3H, 7Li, 9Be, 11B,
12C). Asymmetry of angular distribution of these
neutrons is small. For many researches and applied
problems the directed neutron beams are necessary
which can be obtained by collimating the neutron flux.
Unfortunately, this procedure leads to significant
decrease of neutron flux efficiency and to necessity to
create accelerators with a beam power of tens and even
hundreds kW.
The distinctive features of angular distributions
of neutrons in the laboratory system are determined
mainly by kinematics of nuclear reactions used for
neutron generation. Increasing the energy of accelerated
particles leads to increased asymmetry, and the neutron
beam becomes more extended in the direction of the
momentum of initial accelerated particles. It occurs due
to increasing the mass center velocity of nuclear
reactions.
Directionality of the neutron beam can also be
obtained at the energies of accelerated protons or
deuterons near the threshold of nuclear reactions at the
target-nuclei being heavier than deuterium. It follows
from the fact that in this energy region there is an angle
of neutron in the laboratory system, which is limited
kinematically and as a result the output neutrons are
directed forwards. However, under these conditions the
cross-sections of the reactions are small, and for
obtaining the intense neutron beams very high currents
of accelerated particles are necessary.
We suggest another way for obtaining the
directed neutron beams which does not require
operation at the near-threshold region with small cross-
sections of reaction. In the suggested scheme the above
mentioned reactions can be used but kinematically
inverted in the laboratory system (in the system of
center-of-mass they are the same reactions). In this case
the nuclei of the target and a bombarding particle
interchange their positions. The center-of-mass velocity
in this version is higher than that in the former version
(with the identical energies of the particles in the system
of center-of-mass in both schemes). In this case there is
a boundary angle of the neutrons in the laboratory
system even for energies considerably higher than the
threshold energy, and a possibility occurs to obtain high
intense directed neutron beams with suitable currents of
accelerated particles.
We propose to create a lithium ion accelerator for
producing of a directed neutron beam on the base of the
existing linear accelerator of multicharged ions
(MILAC). The 1H(7Li,n) 7Be reaction above threshold in
a hydrogen containing target can be useful for this
purpose. At bombarding energies of lithium ions of
17 MeV a resonance cross section region is captured.
The boundary neutron angle in the 1H(7Li,n) 7Be
reaction as a function of the lithium ion energy is
represented in the figure.
12 14 16 18 20
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Lithium ion energy,MeV
B
ou
nd
ar
y
an
gl
e,
de
g
Fig. Neutron boundary angle versus lithium ion energy
This dependence shows that the boundary angle
of a neutron corresponding to maximum energy of
lithium ions of 17MeV does not exceed 30o. The lithium
ions will decelerate as they penetrate through the thick
target, and they will have energies from zero to
maximum, but only energies more than threshold
(12.95MeV) will give a yield of neutrons from 1H(7Li,n)
7Be reaction. The neutrons will be radiated in the cone
with a half-angle 29o. We note that in the proton
accelerator version the neutron flux have no
directionality [1,2]. It is a main advantage of the lithium
accelerator version that allows one to rise an efficiency
of the neutron beam use. Neutron energies are expanded
to 4MeV.
It is supposed to create a new accelerating
structure for energy of lithium ions of 17 MeV with the
alternating phase focusing (APF) and the moving bunch
center that provides considerable capture both in radial
and in longitudinal motions. The accelerator is based on
the effective interdigital H-structure, and will have a
smooth energy control.
At the first stage it is assumed to create an
accelerator with the lithium current of 0.5 mA. Further,
it will be increased to 1.5 mA. For creation of such an
accelerator most of the existing equipment of MILAC
accelerator could be used: RF equipment, vacuum
system, a main part of the injector, control system,
working areas. The choice of such scheme of the
accelerator is stipulated by the large rate of acceleration,
availability of the ready equipment, experience in
development and creation of such systems, simplicity of
manufacturing and also existing industrial basis.
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 1999. №3.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования. (34), с. 99-100.
99
The proposed neutron source could be constructed in the
short time with the minimal financial contribution, and
to provide investigations in this field. The evaluations
show that it can be created in about two years, and the
financial contribution of $100,000 is necessary for this
purpose.
The neutron beam with above-mentioned
parameters may be used for many applications. For
example in nuclear medicine: radioisotope production,
boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) of the malignant
tumors and so on. At the present time the Ukrainian
medicine has not enough radioisotopes for diagnostics
of various diseases and treatment of malignant diseases.
Ukrainian medical researchers are taking an active
interest in the BNCT method which was accepted as a
most promising in treatment of malignant diseases,
especially some brain tumors which are incurable at the
present time. There is a number of large medical
institutions interested in development of this method,
and are ready for cooperation in this area.
Creation of the neutron source needs some
upgrading of existing systems, creation of a new
accelerating section and creation of the radiation
protection. A special hydrogen containing target with
the cooling system is necessary for removal of the heat
power of 10kW. For the purpose of BNCT it is
necessary to create the output system which provides
moderation, reflection and filtering of the neutron beam
like those of the reactor based sources [3].
The parameters of a designed lithium accelerator
are shown in the Table.
Main parameters of linear lithium ion accelerator
The name of a parameter and unit
1 Input energy of ions, keV 18.75
2 Output energy of ions, keV 2500
3 Mass-to-charge ratio, A/q 7
4 Operating frequency MHz 47.25
5 Electric field in gaps, MV/m 9
6 Aperture of drift tubes, mm 16-28
7 Length of accelerating structure, m 4.7
8 Number of drift tubes 57
9 Number of focusing regions 8
10 Number of bunching regions 9
11 Radial acceptance π mm mrad 1.2
12 Longitudinal capture, deg. 120
13 Energy spread (for ∆Win.=1%) % 1.5
14 Longitudinal of output bunch deg 20
15 Pulse RF power kW 400
16 Duty factor % 2.5
17 Average beam current mA 0.5
Mathematical simulation shows that the total
neutron yield from a water target will be about 5⋅
1011 n/mQ, and about 2⋅1011 n/mQ from a TiH target
with a surface density about 1⋅1011·n/cm2·mA·s and 4⋅
1010·n/cm2·mA·s, respectively at, the distance of 5cm
from the target.
REFERENCES
1. V.N. Kononov et al., "Accelerator based Neutron
Sources Application for Neutron Capture Therapy",
Proc. 2nd All-Union Symp. on the Use of Charge
Particle Accelerators in the National Economy,
Leningrad, SU, October 1-3, 1975, Leningrad,
Efremov Inst. of Electrophysical Apparatus, v.2,
pp.60-68(1976) (in Russian).
2. R.J. Kudchadker, F. Harmon, et al. "An Accelerator
based Epithermal Neutron Source for BNCT", 6th
Int. Conference on Nuclear Engineering, ICONE -
6451, May 10-15, 1998.
H.B. Liu, D.D. Greenberg, J. Capala, F.J. Wheeler, «An
Improved Neutron Collimator for Brain Tumor
Irradiations in Clinical Boron Neutron Capture
Therapy», Med. Phys. 23:2051-2060; 1996.
100
REFERENCES
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