Investigation of antimicrobial activity and morphological properties of metal coated textile surfaces
The results of investigation antimicrobial and surface properties of the textiles metal coated by means of magnetron or the cleaning-deposition system, which is based on sequentially arranged DC anode layer accelerator and hollow cathode, are presented. The antimicrobial properties against bacteria...
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irk-123456789-819462015-05-23T03:01:49Z Investigation of antimicrobial activity and morphological properties of metal coated textile surfaces Necdet Aslan Kenan Şentürk Tuba Şen Turgay Çoruhlu İpek Vartürk Şeker, S Shahidi, S. Dobrovolskiy, A.M. Tsiolko, V.V. Matsevich, S.V. Keskin, S.S. May Korachi Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии The results of investigation antimicrobial and surface properties of the textiles metal coated by means of magnetron or the cleaning-deposition system, which is based on sequentially arranged DC anode layer accelerator and hollow cathode, are presented. The antimicrobial properties against bacteria E. coli and S. aureus of cotton and polyester/cotton textiles coated by Cu, Ti and Ag with the use of two different systems were examined and compared. Представлены результаты исследования антимикробных и поверхностных свойств тканей с металлическими напылениями, созданными при помощи магнетрона или чистяще-распылительного устройства на базе последовательно расположенных ускорителя с анодным слоем и полого катода. Определены и сопоставлены антимикробные свойства тканей из хлопка и смеси хлопок/полиэстер с напылениями из Cu, Ti и Ag, созданными с использованием двух этих устройств, против бактерий E. coli и S. aureus. Представлено результати досліджень антимікробних і поверхневих властивостей тканин з металевими напиленнями, створеними за допомогою магнетрона та чистяче-розпилювального пристрою на базі послідовно розташованих прискорювача з анодним шаром та порожнистого катода. Визначені та співставлені антимікробні властивості тканин з бавовни та суміші бавовна/поліестер з напиленнями з Cu, Ti та Ag, створених за допомогою цих пристроїв, проти бактерій E. coli та S. aureus. 2014 Article Investigation of antimicrobial activity and morphological properties of metal coated textile surfaces / Necdet Aslan, Kenan Şentürk, Tuba Şen, Turgay Çoruhlu, İpek Vartürk, S. Şeker, S. Shahidi, A.M. Dobrovolskiy, V.V. Tsiolko, S.V. Matsevich, S.S. Keskin, May Korachi // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2014. — № 6. — С. 208-211. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.77.Dq, 81.15.Cd http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/81946 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии |
| spellingShingle |
Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии Necdet Aslan Kenan Şentürk Tuba Şen Turgay Çoruhlu İpek Vartürk Şeker, S Shahidi, S. Dobrovolskiy, A.M. Tsiolko, V.V. Matsevich, S.V. Keskin, S.S. May Korachi Investigation of antimicrobial activity and morphological properties of metal coated textile surfaces Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description |
The results of investigation antimicrobial and surface properties of the textiles metal coated by means of magnetron or the cleaning-deposition system, which is based on sequentially arranged DC anode layer accelerator and hollow cathode, are presented. The antimicrobial properties against bacteria E. coli and S. aureus of cotton and polyester/cotton textiles coated by Cu, Ti and Ag with the use of two different systems were examined and compared. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Necdet Aslan Kenan Şentürk Tuba Şen Turgay Çoruhlu İpek Vartürk Şeker, S Shahidi, S. Dobrovolskiy, A.M. Tsiolko, V.V. Matsevich, S.V. Keskin, S.S. May Korachi |
| author_facet |
Necdet Aslan Kenan Şentürk Tuba Şen Turgay Çoruhlu İpek Vartürk Şeker, S Shahidi, S. Dobrovolskiy, A.M. Tsiolko, V.V. Matsevich, S.V. Keskin, S.S. May Korachi |
| author_sort |
Necdet Aslan |
| title |
Investigation of antimicrobial activity and morphological properties of metal coated textile surfaces |
| title_short |
Investigation of antimicrobial activity and morphological properties of metal coated textile surfaces |
| title_full |
Investigation of antimicrobial activity and morphological properties of metal coated textile surfaces |
| title_fullStr |
Investigation of antimicrobial activity and morphological properties of metal coated textile surfaces |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Investigation of antimicrobial activity and morphological properties of metal coated textile surfaces |
| title_sort |
investigation of antimicrobial activity and morphological properties of metal coated textile surfaces |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| topic_facet |
Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/81946 |
| citation_txt |
Investigation of antimicrobial activity and morphological properties of metal coated textile surfaces / Necdet Aslan, Kenan Şentürk, Tuba Şen, Turgay Çoruhlu, İpek Vartürk, S. Şeker, S. Shahidi, A.M. Dobrovolskiy, V.V. Tsiolko, S.V. Matsevich, S.S. Keskin, May Korachi // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2014. — № 6. — С. 208-211. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. |
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Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2014. №6(94)
208 PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2014, №6. Series: Plasma Physics (20), p. 208-211.
INVESTIGATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND
MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF METAL COATED TEXTILE
SURFACES
Necdet Aslan
1
, Kenan Şentürk
2
, Tuba Şen
1
, Turgay Çoruhlu
3
, İpek Vartürk
4
,
S. Şeker
5
,
S. Shahidi
6
, A.M. Dobrovolskiy
7
, V.V. Tsiolko
7
, S.V. Matsevich
7
, S.S. Keskin
8
, May Korachi
6
1
Yeditepe University- Physics Department-Kayışdağı/Istanbul, Turkey;
2
Beykent University- Energy Systems Engineering Department-Ayazağa/Istanbul, Turkey;
3
Beykent University-Vocational School- Dept. of Technical Programmes-Beykent /Istanbul;
4
Yeditepe University-Genetics and Bioengineering Department- Kayışdağı /Istanbul, Turkey;
5
Gebze Institute of Technology, Materials Science & Engineering Dept. Gebze Istanbul,
Turkey;
6
Department of Textile, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran;
7
Institute of Physics NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine;
8
Marmara University, Environmental Engineering Department, Turkey
E-mail: tsiolko@iop.kiev.ua
The results of investigation antimicrobial and surface properties of the textiles metal coated by means of
magnetron or the cleaning-deposition system, which is based on sequentially arranged DC anode layer accelerator
and hollow cathode, are presented. The antimicrobial properties against bacteria E. coli and S. aureus of cotton and
polyester/cotton textiles coated by Cu, Ti and Ag with the use of two different systems were examined and
compared.
PACS: 52.77.Dq, 81.15.Cd
INTRODUCTION
In recent years the production of a textiles with
antimicrobial properties caused an increasing interest
from industry because of their potential to provide
beneficial health effects leading to a higher quality of
human life. It is connected to the fact that textile
products provide a suitable environment for the growth
of many microorganisms, including pathogens, which
could be the source of infection transfer, unpleasant
odors, color degradation and general deterioration of the
textile.
Current antimicrobial products, such as triclosan,
quaternary ammonium and metallic salts have
disadvantages such as short active durations and high
costs. Moreover, they have been known to leach out
from the fabric towards the environment and diffuse
into the skin of the wearers.
It is known that many metals by themselves
(primarily silver and copper) also have antimicrobial
properties (though the mechanisms of their
antimicrobial activity are not yet known precisely [1]).
Therefore, the deposition of metal films on fabrics is a
promising method for creating antimicrobial coatings.
Currently, the most suitable way of the antimicrobial
metal films deposition on a textile is the sputtering
technique. Recently, quite a number articles on this
topic have been published [2-8]. Metal film deposition
was carried out using a variety of devices–direct current
(DC) magnetron, direct current pulsed (DCP)
magnetron and high intensity power impulse (HIPI)
system. SiO2 fabrics [2], polyester textile [3, 6, 7],
cotton [4, 5] were used as substrates in the studies. In
[2] it was found that Cu was effective against bacteria
and fungi, while Ag was effective only against bacteria,
since its effect was limited against fungi. The
effectiveness of other used metal (Pt, Pt/Rh and Au) was
much lower. So most of the studies was devoted to the
investigation of antimicrobial properties of Ag, Cu,
TiO2, Cu/TiO2 sputtered films.
An interesting phenomenon has been described in
[8]. Antimicrobial activity of Cu films, deposited by
DCP magnetron was found to be significantly higher
than the activity of the films produced by DC
magnetron. The reason for this effect may be that the Cu
ions produced by DCP with an energy up to 100 eV
create Cu films with different structure compared with
the films deposited by DC magnetron Cu ions with
lower energy 5…15 eV.
An important point in the sputtering technique on
textile is the adhesion of the deposited metal film and,
correspondingly, wearability and washability of the
resulting fabrics. It is known that, for obtaining high-
quality coatings on substrates, efficient methods of
cleaning and activation of the surface to be coated is
required immediately prior to the deposition. Polarity
switch in magnetron discharge for cleaning the treated
surface by ion flow is generally possible only in case
when the last one is conductive. Therefore, for the
plasma pretreatment of substrates ignite the gas
discharge or the entire volume of the chamber, or by
using a special electrode between the magnetron and the
substrate as the cathode [9, 10].
The aim of this study was to investigate the
antimicrobial activity and morphological properties of
cotton and cotton/polyester textiles with Cu, Ag and Ti
film coated by DC magnetron sputtering and cleaning-
mailto:tsiolko@iop.kiev.ua
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2014. №6(94) 209
deposition system, which is based on sequentially
arranged DC anode layer accelerator and hollow
cathode. Using the second system we were able first to
clean the sample with Ar ions with an energy of
400…600 eV, then deposit of the metal films with help
of metal ions with energy about 200 eV. Selection of
titanium due to the fact that although the Ti itself does
not exhibit antimicrobial activity [1], in the ambient air
at the surface of the Ti film TiO2 layer is fairly quickly
formed, which already has antimicrobial properties.
1. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UPS AND
METHODS
The DC/RF magnetron, used during the sputtering,
had no specific differences from equipment used in
other researches. The dimensions of the cathode (Ag,
Cu and Ti of 99.99 % purity) were 50.8 mm in diameter
and 4 mm in thickness. The magnetron sputtering
coating was established at 10 mTorr of Ar pressure and
a DC voltage of V=400 V and I=0.3 A producing ion
current density nearly 11 mA/ cm
2
.
The cleaning-deposition system is based on
sequentially arranged DC anode layer accelerator with
permanent magnets and hollow cathode, which is
coupled to accelerator cathode. The surfaces to be
coated are situated inside the hollow cathode. At low
gas pressure in the system, cleaning of the surfaces is
performed by Ar ions accelerated in crossed magnetic
field B and electric field E. Increase of working gas
pressure above certain value results in discharge glow
between the accelerator anode and hollow cathode, and
to intense sputtering of material of the targets attached
to the accelerator cathode and material of the hollow
cathode . The sputtered target atoms (Ti, Cu) are ionized
additionally in the hollow cathode plasma and deposited
on the substrate surfaces. For deposition of Cu and Ti
onto textile samples, accelerator cathode cover plates,
made of copper and titanium (99.9 % purity) foil with a
50…100 µm thickness were used. The hollow cathode
was made of the same materials as the ones used for the
accelerator cathode cover plates. Textile samples
(50x20 mm) were placed inside the hollow cathode at
about 150 mm distance from the bottom plane of the
accelerator electrodes during the deposition. The
cleaning of the textile samples inside the vacuum
chamber was carried out for 5…6 min of discharge
voltage V=900 V and Ar ion current density of
~0,1 mA/cm
2
. The coating was then established for
20 mins of voltage V=600…650 V and current of
I= 500…600 mA.
In order to prepare the textile substrates for coating,
they were pretereated by washing in water, cleaning
detergent (OMO, Turkey 1 g/l) and 1 g/l of sodium
carbonate compund for 15 min at 70ºС and then air
dried for 45 min. The same cleaning procedure was
carried out for all substrates to be coated by both
magnetron sputtering and cleaning-deposition system.
The antibacterial properties of the Ag, Ti and Cu
coated fabrics were qualitatively evaluated using a
gram-negative bacterium E. coli (ATCC 25922) and
gram-positive bacterium S. aureus (ATCC 25923)
provided from the culture collection of Microbiology
laboratory, Yeditepe University. Bacterial inoculum
with a suitable concentration was prepared in the
Tryptone soya broth (Fisher Scientific). For the
antimicrobial tests the parallel streak method (AATCC-
TM 147) was used. Briefly, plates of Luria-Bertani
Agar (Sigma-Aldrich) were streaked with a loopful of
the bacteria. The coated side of the textile strips was
placed face down onto the agar and aerobically
incubated (Binder, USA) for 24 h at 37
o
C. Following
this incubation the zone of inhibition was determined
and the textile surface microscopically examined (Leica,
Germany) to check for growth on top of the textile
surface. All experiments were carried out three times
and the mean values were calculated.
2. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
Examples of SEM images (5 K magnification) of the
coatings Cu, Ti, Ag on cotton fibers, obtained using
magnetron sputtering and cleaning-deposition system
are presented by in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. The SEM pictures of cotton fibers coated by Cu,
Ti, and Ag. A – Cu coatings for 15 min; B – Ti coatings
for 30 min; C – Ag coatings for 8 min
A
B
C
210 ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2014. №6(94)
When these coatings are examined, it is seen that the
Cu coating creates smooth circular zones which are
attached to each other while Ti coatings are more
uniform but not smooth. The silver coatings are weak,
but smooth and shiny. The SEM pictures (5K
magnification) of Ti coating (20 minutes) on the
cotton/polyester textile obtained by magnetron
sputtering and cleaning-deposition systems under the
same conditions are presented in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. The SEM pictures of cotton/polyester fibers
coated by Ti. A – magnetron sputtering; B – cleaning-
deposition system
As seen, cotton/polyester fibers allow more smooth
surface against Ti and the magnetron sputtering coating
is more uniform than cleaning-deposition system
coating.
Fig. 3 shows the SEM picture ( 5K magnification)
cross section of cotton/polyester fibers magnetron
sputtering coated by Ag for 20 min coating.
Fig. 3. The SEM pictures of the cross section of
cotton/polyester fibers magnetron sputtering coated by
Ag
The coating seems homogeneous and its thickness
appeared to be nearly 200 nm.
The results of the antimicrobial property of Cu, Ti, Ag
films on cotton textile coated by magnetron sputtering
and cleaning-deposition systems against S. aureus and
E.coli bacteria are shown in Table. This table was
produced by measuring the thickness of inhibition zones
around coated textiles.
Antimicrobial activity of the coating on cotton textile
Metal/bacteria
Inhibition zone, mm
S. aureus E. coli
Cu 0 0.1…0.2
Ti 0 0
Ag 0.2…0.3 0.2…0.3
It has been found that in the case of Cu coating no
growth of E. coli on the surface of the samples was
observed and the value of the inhibition zone around the
samples was 0.1…0.2 mm. At the same time, the
antimicrobial efficiency of copper on S. aureus was
significantly lower. Ti coating demonstrated similar
antimicrobial activity as Cu one although no inhibition
zones were formed. Sufficiently high activity of the
titanium (comparable with the copper activity) can be
connected, as we have indicated above, with the
formation a TiO2 film on the surface of Ti films. It was
also found, that silver coating is more effective than
others – no bacteria growth onto the substrate surface
was observed and zone of inhibitions was of
0.2…0.3 cm for all studied substrates. The comparison
of sputtering and hallow cathode systems revealed that
nearly identical results are obtained although the coating
morphologies were slightly different.
CONCLUSIONS
It was shown that cotton and cotton/polyester textiles
coated by DC magnetron sputtering and hollow cathode
systems produced similar antimicrobial activity. The
coated Cu, Ag and Ti films by both methods can
produce total elimination of the bacteria of E. coli and S.
Aureus from the textile surfaces while only Cu and Ag
coated fabrics produced up to 0.2 mm inhibition zone
around the surfaces. These results show that all these
metal coatings can be used for antimicrobial activity on
the textile surfaces.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was partially supported by the company
ELES-Electromechanics, İstanbul-Turkey and mainly
by Yeditepe University, İstanbul-Turkey and by joint
TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research
Council of Turkey) and National Academy of Sciences
of Ukraine (NASU) project number 110T578.
A
B
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2014. №6(94) 211
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Contact:New Evidence for the Dynamics of Bacterial
Inactivation in the Dark and under Light Irradiation //
Inter. J. Photoenergy. 2014, v. 2014, p. 1-17.
8. J. Kiwi, S. Rtimi, and C. Pulgarin // Microbial
pathogens and strategies for combating them: science,
technology and education, Formatex Research Center,
2013, v. 1, p. 74-82.
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Article received 25.10.2014
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ АНТИМИКРОБНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ И МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ
ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ТКАНЕЙ С МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИМИ НАПЫЛЕНИЯМИ
Necdet Aslan, Kenan Şentürk, Tuba Şen
, Turgay Çoruhlu, İpek Vartürk,
S. Şeker,
S. Shahidi,. А.М. Добровольский, В.В Циолко, С.В. Мацевич, S.S. Keskin, May Korachi
Представлены результаты исследования антимикробных и поверхностных свойств тканей с
металлическими напылениями, созданными при помощи магнетрона или чистяще-распылительного
устройства на базе последовательно расположенных ускорителя с анодным слоем и полого катода.
Определены и сопоставлены.антимикробные свойства тканей из хлопка и смеси хлопок/полиэстер с
напылениями из Cu, Ti и Ag, созданными с использованием двух этих устройств, против бактерий E. coli и
S. aureus.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АНТИМІКРОБНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ ТА МОРФОЛОГІЧНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ
ПОВЕРХОНЬ ТКАНИН З МЕТАЛЕВИМ НАПИЛЕННЯМ
Necdet Aslan, Kenan Şentürk, Tuba Şen
, Turgay Çoruhlu, İpek Vartürk,
S. Şeker,
S. Shahidi, А.М. Добровольський, В.В. Ціолко, С.В. Мацевич, S.S. Keskin, May Korachi
Представлено результати досліджень антимікробних і поверхневих властивостей тканин з металевими
напиленнями, створеними за допомогою магнетрона та чистяче-розпилювального пристрою на базі
послідовно розташованих прискорювача з анодним шаром та порожнистого катода. Визначені та
співставлені антимікробні властивості тканин з бавовни та суміші бавовна/поліестер з напиленнями з Cu, Ti
та Ag, створених за допомогою цих пристроїв, проти бактерій E. coli та S. Aureus.
|