The method for in situ monitoring of the quality of in-vessel mirrors in a fusion reactor
In laser and optical methods of plasma diagnostics in ITER the most critical components of the measurement schemes will be the First Mirrors (FM) facing the burning plasma and located rather close to plasma volume. It is very important to check regularly the working condition of FM surface in situ...
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| Zitieren: | The method for in situ monitoring of the quality of in-vessel mirrors in a fusion reactor / V.G. Konovalov, M.N. Makhov, A.N. Shapoval, I.V. Ryzhkov, A.F. Shtan’, S.I. Solodovchenko, V.S. Voitsenya // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2009. — № 1. — С. 13-15. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-881302015-11-09T03:02:20Z The method for in situ monitoring of the quality of in-vessel mirrors in a fusion reactor Konovalov, V.G. Makhov, M.N. Shapoval, A.N. Ryzhkov, I.V. Shtan’, A.F. Solodovchenko, S.I. Voitsenya, V.S. Магнитное удержание In laser and optical methods of plasma diagnostics in ITER the most critical components of the measurement schemes will be the First Mirrors (FM) facing the burning plasma and located rather close to plasma volume. It is very important to check regularly the working condition of FM surface in situ, e.g., to control the Quality of transmitted Image (IQ) or signal. In the present work we compare the results of measurements of IQ made in situ, directly on the plasma device DSM-2 during mirror exposure to ion bombardment, with a compact optical scheme in use, and the results of ex situ measurements (on the DIQ stand) – with two times longer distance to mirror (~2.5 meters). В лазерних та оптичних методах діагностики плазми в ITER’і критичним елементом схеми вимірювань є перше дзеркало (FM), розміщене в безпосередній близькості до плазмового шнура. Тому дуже важливо відстежувати стан поверхні in situ, наприклад, контролюючи якість переданого зображення (IQ). У даній роботі ми порівнюємо результати вимірювань IQ зроблених за допомогою компактної оптичної схеми in situ, безпосередньо під час експонування дзеркала на плазмовій установці DSM-2, з результатами ex situ- вимірювань (на DIQ стенді) – з більш віддаленим положенням дзеркала. В лазерных и оптических методах диагностики плазмы в ITER’е критичным элементом схемы измерений является первое зеркало (FM), размещённое в непосредственной близости к плазменному шнуру. Поэтому очень важно отслеживать состояние поверхности in situ, например, контролируя качество передаваемого изображения (IQ). Мы сравниваем результаты измерений IQ, сделанных с использованием компактной оптической схемой in situ, непосредственно во время экспонирования зеркала на плазменной установке DSM-2, с результатами ex situ- измерений (на DIQ стендe) – с более удалённым положением зеркала. 2009 Article The method for in situ monitoring of the quality of in-vessel mirrors in a fusion reactor / V.G. Konovalov, M.N. Makhov, A.N. Shapoval, I.V. Ryzhkov, A.F. Shtan’, S.I. Solodovchenko, V.S. Voitsenya // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2009. — № 1. — С. 13-15. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.40.Hf; 76.68.+m; 79.20.Rf http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/88130 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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| language |
English |
| topic |
Магнитное удержание Магнитное удержание |
| spellingShingle |
Магнитное удержание Магнитное удержание Konovalov, V.G. Makhov, M.N. Shapoval, A.N. Ryzhkov, I.V. Shtan’, A.F. Solodovchenko, S.I. Voitsenya, V.S. The method for in situ monitoring of the quality of in-vessel mirrors in a fusion reactor Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description |
In laser and optical methods of plasma diagnostics in ITER the most critical components of the measurement
schemes will be the First Mirrors (FM) facing the burning plasma and located rather close to plasma volume. It is very
important to check regularly the working condition of FM surface in situ, e.g., to control the Quality of transmitted
Image (IQ) or signal. In the present work we compare the results of measurements of IQ made in situ, directly on the
plasma device DSM-2 during mirror exposure to ion bombardment, with a compact optical scheme in use, and the
results of ex situ measurements (on the DIQ stand) – with two times longer distance to mirror (~2.5 meters). |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Konovalov, V.G. Makhov, M.N. Shapoval, A.N. Ryzhkov, I.V. Shtan’, A.F. Solodovchenko, S.I. Voitsenya, V.S. |
| author_facet |
Konovalov, V.G. Makhov, M.N. Shapoval, A.N. Ryzhkov, I.V. Shtan’, A.F. Solodovchenko, S.I. Voitsenya, V.S. |
| author_sort |
Konovalov, V.G. |
| title |
The method for in situ monitoring of the quality of in-vessel mirrors in a fusion reactor |
| title_short |
The method for in situ monitoring of the quality of in-vessel mirrors in a fusion reactor |
| title_full |
The method for in situ monitoring of the quality of in-vessel mirrors in a fusion reactor |
| title_fullStr |
The method for in situ monitoring of the quality of in-vessel mirrors in a fusion reactor |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The method for in situ monitoring of the quality of in-vessel mirrors in a fusion reactor |
| title_sort |
method for in situ monitoring of the quality of in-vessel mirrors in a fusion reactor |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2009 |
| topic_facet |
Магнитное удержание |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/88130 |
| citation_txt |
The method for in situ monitoring of the quality of in-vessel mirrors in a fusion reactor / V.G. Konovalov, M.N. Makhov, A.N. Shapoval, I.V. Ryzhkov, A.F. Shtan’,
S.I. Solodovchenko, V.S. Voitsenya // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2009. — № 1. — С. 13-15. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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2025-07-06T15:50:20Z |
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PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2009. № 1. 13
Series: Plasma Physics (15), p. 13-15.
THE METHOD FOR IN SITU MONITORING OF THE QUALITY
OF IN-VESSEL MIRRORS IN A FUSION REACTOR
V.G. Konovalov, M.N. Makhov, A.N. Shapoval, I.V. Ryzhkov, A.F. Shtan’,
S.I. Solodovchenko, V.S. Voitsenya
Institute of Plasma Physics, NSC “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”,
Kharkov, Ukraine
In laser and optical methods of plasma diagnostics in ITER the most critical components of the measurement
schemes will be the First Mirrors (FM) facing the burning plasma and located rather close to plasma volume. It is very
important to check regularly the working condition of FM surface in situ, e.g., to control the Quality of transmitted
Image (IQ) or signal. In the present work we compare the results of measurements of IQ made in situ, directly on the
plasma device DSM-2 during mirror exposure to ion bombardment, with a compact optical scheme in use, and the
results of ex situ measurements (on the DIQ stand) – with two times longer distance to mirror (~2.5 meters).
PACS: 52.40.Hf; 76.68.+m; 79.20.Rf
1. INTRODUCTION
The main object of this work is the further
development of the scheme [1] on investigation of effects
of mirror surface roughness on IQ.
The dynamics of specular and diffusive reflectance
was traced. The registration of an image of the light
source with sharp edges was carried out by means of a
digital camera (in situ) and/or by scanning device placed
rather far from the mirror under investigation (ex situ). In
ITER conditions, the distance between mirror and the
image quality analyzer will be many meters.
For the tests the mirror samples with various degree of
surface roughness were chosen. Polycrystalline: copper
coarse-grained (C-G) 100-1500 µm, Ве - sheet and hot
pressed (TGP-200), and mirrors fabricated of amorphous
alloy known in literature as Vitreloy-1 [2].
2. RESULTS
The optical scheme for in situ measurements of IQ in
DSM-2 (Fig. 1) contains: 1– light source (λ=540 nm); 2 –
spectral slit; 3 – collimating optics; 4 - deflecting mirror;
5 – CCD camera which registers a profile of the image.
Fig.1. Scheme of the DSM-2 stand
2.1. COPPER SAMPLES
Fig. 2 shows the dynamic of an edge fuzziness of
initially sharp image of the light aperture depending on
sputtered layer thickness h (indicated in μm near every
curve) by ions of deuterium plasma with energy 1000 eV.
Further processing of these profiles was made on the
basis of next criterion: the area within the limits of width
of the initial profile is considered as a Specular Part (SP),
and the area outside the limits of the initial profile is a
Diffusive Part (DP) of a reflected light flux.
Fig.2. Results of measurements at the DSM-2 stand
In Fig. 3 the results of processing of measured profiles
are presented. A sharp deterioration of IQ for the C-G
sample is clearly seen.
Fig.3. Dependence on h of specular and diffusively
scattered parts of light reflected from Cu mirror
The dynamics of degradation of IQ of the same
copper mirror was studied also in situ with He-Ne laser
probing beam. Fig.4 shows: a) - the laser beam spot
reflected from an ideal Al-on-quartz mirror, b) - the spot
of laser beam reflected from the Cu mirror in initial state,
c) - after bombardment with deuterium plasma ions
during 5 min (h=0.12 µm) and d) - 40 min (h=0.93 µm).
14
Fig.4
The photos of Fig. 4 demonstrate the feature of this
method: the reflected beam carries the information about
the granular structure of the mirror surface as the face of
each grain is a small independent mirror.
2.2. SS SAMPLES ON STAND DIQ
Results of measurements of IQ before placing in
DSM-2 and after last exposure are shown in Fig.5.
Appreciable superiority of SS-mirror over Cu samples is
evident if to compare Fig.2 on the one hand and Fig.5 on
the other hand.
Fig.5. Change of IQ-profile for the SS after sputtering the
layer of 3.6 µm in thickness, as measured on the stand
DIQ. Reflectivity and resolving power in angular minutes
are shown
2.3. Be SAMPLES ON STAND DIQ
Ве mirrors are of interest because beryllium can be a
possible candidate of the FM material for ITER.
Two kinds of Be mirrors were chosen for the
experiments: one sample of the sheet material and another
– of a hot pressed ТGP-200. These samples were many
times exposed in deuterium discharges with energy of
ions from 60 up to 1500 eV. Total time of experiment -
near 60 hours. The IQ profiles of Al etalon and Be mirror
were found to have an ideal coincidence, as Fig. 6 shows.
Fig.6. Normalized profiles IQ for Al etalon and the Be
mirror sample after numerous exposures to deuterium
plasma ions
2.4. AMORPHOUS MIRROR SAMPLES
Mirrors of metal glasses are of a special interest
because of: 1) expected absence of roughness growth
when such mirror is being long-term sputtered [3], and 2)
opportunities of manufacturing mirrors of spherical or any
other form.
For studying the behavior of IQ under ion
bombardment a pair of amorphous mirrors was selected:
АМА-3 and АМК-3. The difference between samples is:
the АМА-3 – is amorphous, and АМК – is its twin
crystallized due to annealing at Т=500 C during one hour.
Thus there was chance to compare behavior of such twin
in similar experimental conditions. The composition of
samples (Vitreloy-1) was similar to samples studied in
[4]: Zr(41.2)Ti(13.8)Cu(12.5)Ni(10)Be(22.5).
The АМА-3 and АМК-3 samples were subjected to
noticeable sputtering by Ar+ ions with energy variable
between 100 and 1350 eV. The in situ IQ profiles for
them turned out to be close by shape, however the
reflectance of the crystallized AMK-3 sample decreased
significantly faster than for its amorphous counterpart.
The dynamics of IQ for АМК-3 during sputtering from
h=13.3 by 19.8 μm with Ar+ ions is presented in Fig.7.
Fig.7. Dynamics of IQ for AMK-3 under sputtering with
Ar+ ions of 1 keV energy in situ measurements
The results of IQ profiles (on DIQ stand) after layers
of indicated thickness were sputtered are shown in Fig. 8.
The values of resolving power in angular minutes are
indicated on the insertion.
One can see that the AMA-3 is much more resistant
to sputtering with Ar+ ions. Its integral rate of mass loss
was noticeably less (~10%) than for AMK-3 after
identical sets of exposures to ion bombardment.
15
These results were supported by photos made in situ
in the DSM-2 stand with He-Ne laser, Fig. 9.
Fig.8. The comparison of IQ for AMA-3 and AMK-3 after
sputtering the layers with thickness 13.4 and 19.8 μm
correspondingly
a) b c
Fig.9. Photos of the laser beam spot reflected from
a) Al etalon, b) AMA-3 (h=6.8 μm) and c) AMK-3
(h=8.9 μm) after similar series of exposures
to ions of Ar plasma
3. CONCLUSIONS
1. The compact optical stand attached to DSM-2
device allows to control in situ the dynamics of
degradation of mirrors subjected to sputtering with ions of
deuterium or argon plasmas. Both, the reflectance and IQ
profiles are measured simultaneously. The use of a digital
photo-camera simplifies noticeably the accumulation of
experimental information.
2. The imitating long-distance system DIQ, where
ex situ measurements were provided, may be a prototype
of the system for in situ measurements on large fusion
devices. With this system the reflectance (what is useful
when deposit of contaminants is important) as well as a
resolving power of the optical system (when the
determining factor of mirror degradation is the surface
roughness) of the FMs can be measured.
3. The laser probing of mirrors in both in situ and
ex situ versions, were found useful for observation of the
dynamics of surface roughness when mirror is subject to
ion sputtering. The character of reflected light directly
correlates with the granular structure of the surface
subjected to sputtering. The technique is quite mobile and
easy to operate, but at the moment it looks as a source for
obtaining the demonstrational material. The continuation
of the work will possibly results in a more universal
scheme for in situ characterization of in-vessel mirrors.
4. As follows from obtained results, the optical
properties of remote mirrors can be successfully
controlled by application of above-mentioned methods of
probing of the mirrors disposed in a vacuum chamber.
REFERENCES
1. V.G. Konovalov, M.N. Makhov, A.N. Shapoval et al //
Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. Series
“Plasma Phisics”(12). 2006, N6, p. 244.
2. M. Telford // Materialstoday. March 2004, p. 36.
3. V.S. Voitsenya, A.F. Bardamid, M.F. Becker et al //
Rev. Scient. Instrum. 1999, v. 70, p. 790.
4. A.F. Bardamid, A.I. Belyaeva, V.N. Bondarenko et al//
Physica Scripta. 2006, v. T123, p.89.
Article received 16.11.08
МЕТОД IN SITU- МОНИТОРИНГА КАЧЕСТВА ЗЕРКАЛ, РАЗМЕЩЁННЫХ ВНУТРИ КАМЕРЫ
ТЕРМОЯДЕРНОГО РЕАКТОРА
В.Г. Коновалов, М.Н. Махов, А.Н. Шаповал, И.В. Рыжков, А.Ф. Штань,
С.И. Солодовченко, В.С. Войценя
В лазерных и оптических методах диагностики плазмы в ITER’е критичным элементом схемы измерений
является первое зеркало (FM), размещённое в непосредственной близости к плазменному шнуру. Поэтому
очень важно отслеживать состояние поверхности in situ, например, контролируя качество передаваемого
изображения (IQ). Мы сравниваем результаты измерений IQ, сделанных с использованием компактной
оптической схемой in situ, непосредственно во время экспонирования зеркала на плазменной установке DSM-2,
с результатами ex situ- измерений (на DIQ стендe) – с более удалённым положением зеркала.
МЕТОД IN SITU- МОНІТОРИНГУ ЯКОСТІ ДЗЕРКАЛ РОЗМІЩЕНИХ ВСЕРЕДИНІ КАМЕРИ
ТЕРМОЯДЕРНОГО РЕАКТОРА
В.Г. Коновалов, М.М. Махов, А.М. Шаповал, І.В. Рижков, А.Ф. Штань
С.І. Солодовченко, В.С. Войценя
В лазерних та оптичних методах діагностики плазми в ITER’і критичним елементом схеми вимірювань є
перше дзеркало (FM), розміщене в безпосередній близькості до плазмового шнура. Тому дуже важливо
відстежувати стан поверхні in situ, наприклад, контролюючи якість переданого зображення (IQ). У даній роботі
ми порівнюємо результати вимірювань IQ зроблених за допомогою компактної оптичної схеми in situ,
безпосередньо під час експонування дзеркала на плазмовій установці DSM-2, з результатами ex situ-
вимірювань (на DIQ стенді) – з більш віддаленим положенням дзеркала.
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