Eurasianism as an "alternative" globalization project
Eurasian idea since its inception and before the registration of the Eurasian movement in the Russian emigration is undoubtedly one of the first conscious globalist projects as the most important design features - the integration of Western and Eastern civilizations; the unity of the European and...
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Кримський науковий центр НАН України і МОН України
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irk-123456789-933952016-01-28T03:02:55Z Eurasianism as an "alternative" globalization project Habibova, Z. Вопросы духовной культуры – ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ Eurasian idea since its inception and before the registration of the Eurasian movement in the Russian emigration is undoubtedly one of the first conscious globalist projects as the most important design features - the integration of Western and Eastern civilizations; the unity of the European and Asian cultures on the basis of Russian culture; overcoming the limitations of ideological Euro centrism. It's all the same features as specific forms of globalization, over the centuries, but declared themselves as such only in the twentieth century. Идея евразийства с момента ее создания и до регистрации евразийского движения в русской эмиграции, несомненно, является одним из первых сознательных глобалистов проектов, в качестве наиболее важных конструктивных особенностей - интеграция западных и восточных цивилизаций; единство европейской и азиатской культур на основе русской культуры; преодоление ограничений идеологического Евро центризма. Это все те же особенности конкретных форм глобализации, на протяжении столетий, но заявили о себе как таковой только в двадцатом веке. Ідея євразійства з моменту її створення і до реєстрації євразійського руху в російської еміграції, безсумнівно, є одним з перших свідомих глобалістів проектів, в якості найбільш важливих конструктивних особливостей - інтеграція західних і східних цивілізацій; єдність європейської і азіатської культур на основі російської культури; подолання обмежень ідеологічного Євро центризму. Це все ті ж особливості конкретних форм глобалізації, протягом століть, але заявили про себе як такою тільки в двадцятому столітті. 2014 Article Eurasianism as an "alternative" globalization project / Z. Habibova // Культура народов Причерноморья. — 2014. — № 277. — С. 96-98. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. 1562-0808 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/93395 32;32.008 en Культура народов Причерноморья Кримський науковий центр НАН України і МОН України |
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Вопросы духовной культуры – ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ Вопросы духовной культуры – ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ |
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Вопросы духовной культуры – ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ Вопросы духовной культуры – ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ Habibova, Z. Eurasianism as an "alternative" globalization project Культура народов Причерноморья |
| description |
Eurasian idea since its inception and before the registration of the Eurasian movement in the Russian
emigration is undoubtedly one of the first conscious globalist projects as the most important design features - the
integration of Western and Eastern civilizations; the unity of the European and Asian cultures on the basis of
Russian culture; overcoming the limitations of ideological Euro centrism. It's all the same features as specific
forms of globalization, over the centuries, but declared themselves as such only in the twentieth century. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Habibova, Z. |
| author_facet |
Habibova, Z. |
| author_sort |
Habibova, Z. |
| title |
Eurasianism as an "alternative" globalization project |
| title_short |
Eurasianism as an "alternative" globalization project |
| title_full |
Eurasianism as an "alternative" globalization project |
| title_fullStr |
Eurasianism as an "alternative" globalization project |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Eurasianism as an "alternative" globalization project |
| title_sort |
eurasianism as an "alternative" globalization project |
| publisher |
Кримський науковий центр НАН України і МОН України |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| topic_facet |
Вопросы духовной культуры – ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/93395 |
| citation_txt |
Eurasianism as an "alternative" globalization project / Z. Habibova // Культура народов Причерноморья. — 2014. — № 277. — С. 96-98. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Культура народов Причерноморья |
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| fulltext |
Habibova Z.
EURASIANISM AS AN "ALTERNATIVE" GLOBALIZATION PROJECT
96
Habibova Z. УДК 32;32.008
EURASIANISM AS AN "ALTERNATIVE" GLOBALIZATION PROJECT
ЕВРАЗИЙСТВО КАК «АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫЙ» ПРОЕКТ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ
Summary. Eurasian idea since its inception and before the registration of the Eurasian movement in the Russian
emigration is undoubtedly one of the first conscious globalist projects as the most important design features - the
integration of Western and Eastern civilizations; the unity of the European and Asian cultures on the basis of
Russian culture; overcoming the limitations of ideological Euro centrism. It's all the same features as specific
forms of globalization, over the centuries, but declared themselves as such only in the twentieth century.
Keywords: Eurasian Russian, Eurasian, Globalization
Аннотация. Идея евразийства с момента ее создания и до регистрации евразийского движения в
русской эмиграции, несомненно, является одним из первых сознательных глобалистов проектов, в
качестве наиболее важных конструктивных особенностей - интеграция западных и восточных
цивилизаций; единство европейской и азиатской культур на основе русской культуры; преодоление
ограничений идеологического Евро центризма. Это все те же особенности конкретных форм
глобализации, на протяжении столетий, но заявили о себе как таковой только в двадцатом веке.
Ключевые слова: Евразийская России, евразийство, Глобализация
Анотація. Ідея євразійства з моменту її створення і до реєстрації євразійського руху в російської
еміграції, безсумнівно, є одним з перших свідомих глобалістів проектів, в якості найбільш важливих
конструктивних особливостей - інтеграція західних і східних цивілізацій; єдність європейської і
азіатської культур на основі російської культури; подолання обмежень ідеологічного Євро центризму.
Це все ті ж особливості конкретних форм глобалізації, протягом століть, але заявили про себе як
такою тільки в двадцятому столітті.
Ключові слова: Євразійська Росії, євразійство, Глобалізація
The idea of Eurasian since its inception and until the registration of the Eurasian movement in the Russian
emigration , is undoubtedly one of the first conscious globalist projects, as the most important design features - the
integration of Western and Eastern civilizations; unity of European and Asian cultures on the basis of Russian
culture; overcoming the limitations of ideological Euro centrism. It's all the same features of the specific forms of
globalization, down through the centuries, but declared themselves as such only in the twentieth century.
Globalization is the field of integrative struggle of different tendencies , competing among themselves for the
priorities and cultural hegemony in the world - historical process , and this means that inevitably there are different
configurations of globalization processes (for example , Western European, Islamic, Pacific, etc.). On-site is very
fractional gradation of ethnic and national cultures, which collectively form the whole world culture in the
globalization process are added consolidated (regional- continental) units of local cultures, each of which is
characterized by its strategy of globalization, the integration of their results, specific trends in the development of
integration processes in each specific region of the world, his vision of the whole world.
In such a complex multi-cultural identities are formed in individual "large" crops and especially multicultural
conglomerates (refers to what are the multi-ethnic Russian) special properties of potential "universality" -
"globaliteta" [1, с. 206-226].
In many cases globalitet of a multicultural conglomerate depends on the "culture of mediating." For example,
in ancient Greek culture served as a scientific and artistic culture of the Roman Empire, the Mediterranean as a
whole. In the East, a similar role in the Islamization (the idea of Muslim religion) of the plurality of Turkic and
Indo-European peoples (a kind of medieval "globalization" of Asian peoples and their cultures) played classical
medieval Arab culture period of the Caliphate.
During the existence of the Russian Empire and the USSR globalizing "culture-mediator" performed
consolidating, integrating supra-and supranational function with respect to the entire set of cultures multiethnic
state was Russian culture, interpreted as a means globalization of the peoples of Russia and the Soviet Union.
Actually, this, interpreted over ethnic and extra-national Russian culture and has been organizing and semantic core
of the entire multinational Soviet [1, с. 206-226].
And if the formation of the USSR was a triumph Eurasian ideology, despite the fact that Eurasianism emerged
in Russian aristocratic emigration, the collapse of Soviet power and the collapse was Eurasianism as a social utopia.
Attempts revival Neo-Eurasians USSR this is utopian recurrence of imperial thinking. For the imperial idea - an
important component of the theoretical constructs of neo-Eurasianists.
Meanwhile, in the classical Eurasianism important was the idea of»symphonic ". Eurasians for small ethnic
groups of the first wave of Eurasia were no less significant for the development of culture, they gave more
(Russian) ethnicity originality, uniqueness [2, с. 90].
In the same way to understand the diversity of axiology and specific values of different people in Eurasia. NS
Trubetskoy wrote: "Life and development of any culture consists of a continuous emergence of new cultural
values,". Cultural value - "any suitable creating man made common property of his country men: it can be the rule
of law and artwork, and the establishment and maintenance tool, and scientific or philosophical position - because
all of these things meet the physical or spiritual needs or to meet these needs taken all or part of the representatives
of this nation"
PN Savitsky thought that the idea of a special nature of culture of Russian civilization and its values lies in its
geographical location. "Values of Russian civilization are not by nature neither eastern nor western ... Russia was a
unique Eurasian world with unique values, which were formed by this civilization. Because of its geographical
Вопросы духовной культуры – ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
97
position history of Eurasia was an example of a compound of various types of cultures, dialogue, and the
interpenetration of these crops. Eurasians for the main event was the conquest of Eurasia Mongol - Tatars, it was
not just the enslavement of one crop with another, "Turan component" - the culture of the Mongols determined the
fate of nature and historical development of Eurasia" Mongols formulated the historic task of Eurasia, beginning its
political unity and its basics political system " [4, p. 45]. According to PN Savitsky, Moscow Russia is the
successor to the Golden Horde. PN Savitsky said tolerance Mongol-Tatar «Tatars - neutral cultural environment, to
take" all sorts of gods "and" Hurler any cults " [5, p. 333 – 334]. Because Tatars «did not change the spiritual being
of Russia" [5, p. 333 – 334]. Sawicki insisted not only on the special role of the Mongols, he believed that they
were the reason for the formation of the Russian state.
"Without Tatarism Russia would not be" - this statement from the article Savitsky" Steppe and sedentary "was
the key formula of Eurasianism. Hence, a direct transition to a purely geopolitical statement: "Let's face it: in the
space of world history Western European sense of the sea, as an equal, although polar, is opposed to the only
Mongolian feeling continent; Meanwhile, in Russian "explorers in the extent and development of Russian conquest
the same spirit , the same feeling of the continent " [5, s. 341 – 356]. And further: «Russian heiress Great Khans
continuer case Chingiz and Timur, obedinitelnitsa Asia. It combines both historically «resident «and» steppe
elements" [5, с. 341-356].
Another obvious blunder Savitsky and Eurasians is the idea that liberal democracy is alien to Asians and
Russian. Allegedly the basis of everything must lie "ideocracy" led by "spiritual leaders." This is not true in fact,
and even from a historical perspective: Turkic- Mongol khans, so revered by Savitsky, democratically elected at the
Congress. Furthermore, Sawicki again avoids specifics: "Ideocracy - a term that integrates all forms of
undemocratic, illiberal government. And Sawicki consciously avoids clarify this concept, which can be embodied
in a theocratic catholicity, and in people's monarchy and dictatorship in the national and state party Soviet-style«
[6, с. 52].
It makes sense to say about other relapses imperial thinking in Eurasians. This is primarily a «syndrome" of
"big brother», the apology Russian hegemony in Eurasia. Thus, according to P.Bitsilli , " the formation of the
Russian nation was not indifferent pounding in a mortar one wide variety of ethnic particles; he proceeded under
the leadership of one nationality, which reported "Eurasian" nation its identity " [7, s. 280]. Generally speaking
ethnography unknown nation that calls Bitsilli "Eurasian». Nevertheless P.M. Bitsilli continues, and quite
eloquently: " Russian Empire in Eurasia and has always been, and Eurasia" [7, s. 279]. Then, as they say, no
comment. However, we note a significant difference of views Bitsilli views Savitsky and student Savitsky, an
outstanding Soviet ethnologist and historian Lev Gumilev .
For Savitsky and especially for ENU Turkic factor was decisive in shaping the Eurasian integrity. Furthermore,
it should be noted that Sawicki and especially Gumilev made a great contribution to the dialogue between the
Turkic and Slavic cultures. But for some fundamental Eurasians were Slavs and Orthodox. Moreover, some
Eurasians tried to impose orthodox Muslim and Buddhist nations of Eurasia. It is sufficient to cite only one quote:
"Eurasia is understood by us as a special - symphonic ally personal individuation Orthodox Church and culture.
Base its unity and its being in the Orthodox faith ... "etc. [8, с. 583].
One of the main ideas of the Eurasian flow is a protest against the European culture. N. Trubetskoy historical
mission of Russia announced so: "liberation of the world from the power of the Roman-Germanic predators"
[9, с. 391].
Therefore Eurasianism deeply alien to the main trend of the Azerbaijani thought of the nineteenth-century,
which is the Europeanization of Azerbaijani culture, which can be said that almost completed successfully.
In addition, the Eurasians clearly misunderstood how much Europeanized (from the time of Patriarch Nikon
and Peter the first (I)) Russian culture [6].
A. Dugin does not keep in secret of his belief in the need for the Russian imperial policy. Thus, the leader of
the "Eurasia" writes: "Geopolitical" gathering of the Empire "is for Russia not only one of the possible ways of
development, one of the possible relations between the state and space, but a pledge and a prerequisite for the
existence of an independent state, and furthermore independent state on independent continent.
If Russia did not immediately begin to recreate Big space, ie return in the sphere of strategic, political and
economic influence temporarily lost Eurasian expanses, it would plunge into a catastrophe and herself, and all the
peoples living in the "world island" [6, с. 98].
Dissociating himself from the extreme nationalists A. Dugin nevertheless remains the position of "Great
Russian" nationalism, which is evident from the following quotation: "The Russian people certainly belongs to the
messianic people. And like any messianic people, it has a universal value of all mankind ... " [6, с. 107].
On the basis of this kind of illusions and nationalist ideas A. Dugin leads anti-Western propaganda, "Russian
universalism, the foundation of Russian civilization, radically different from the West in every way ... Therefore,
the strategic interests of the Russian people should be targeted anti-Western (...), and in the future and possible
civilizational expansion " (6, p. 108 ). And further A. Dugie continues: "Russian cares and just to all, and therefore
in the long run interests of the Russian people is not limited to any Russian ethnos or Russian Empire, or even
Eurasia (! ?)
The third chapter of the book A. Dugin "Foundations of Geopolitics" is called: "Russia is unthinkable without
the Empire" [6, с. 110]. A. Dugin wrote in this connection: "The refusal of empire founder function means the end
of the existence of the Russian people as a historical reality as civilization phenomenon. Such refusal to have a
national suicide» [6, с. 112].
Russia supposedly should not even hold the status of «regional power A. Dugin." "Regional Power" is a
modern geopolitical category, which is characterized by large and fairly advanced state whose political interests,
however, are limited to only the areas immediately adjacent to its territory or its constituent" [..., p. 113 -114]. This
Habibova Z.
EURASIANISM AS AN "ALTERNATIVE" GLOBALIZATION PROJECT
98
is not enough for Mr. A. Dugin. He needs a «civilization expansion" of Russia. «Gathering Eurasian Empire"
should be geopolitical unit, «surpassing the usual parameters of the state, it should be super state for A. Dugin
[6, с. 121].
A. Dugin suggests overcoming the "weakness" of previous empires (Russian and Soviet). So, he advises to "fill
religious monarchical formula truly sacred content, lost under the influence of the secular West to Romanov
dynasty implement orthodox" conservative revolution "to return to the roots of genuine Christian worldview"
[6, с. 122]. Mr. Dugin Russian offers the project to return to the Middle Ages.
Beside A. Dugin offers back to the "Cold War" period: "The basis of the geopolitical structure of the Empire
[Eurasian] must be put to the fundamental principle of" common enemy". Denial of Atlanticism, strategic control of
the U.S. rejection and abandonment of the rule of economic, market-liberal values - that is the common
civilizational framework that overall momentum that will pave the way lasting political and strategic alliance will
create the axial skeleton of the upcoming Empire [6, с. 125].
For civilizational expansion A. Dugin Russia proposes to build three Russian geopolitical influence axis: axis
"Moscow -Berlin" axis» Moscow-Tokyo " axis and " Moscow-Tehran ."Last axis - «Moscow-Tehran " practically
built by the Russian leadership and strategic concerns of Azerbaijan's interests, sometimes contradicting them.
A. Dugin writes: "Iran takes a position on the map of the continent, that the creation of the Moscow-Tehran axis
solves a huge number of problems for the New Empire» ... It “access to warm seas " [6, p. 137]. Creating axis
«Moscow-Tehran" "Russia opens limitless prospects to acquire more and more new bridgehead inside and outside
of Eurasia."
Next pops familiar to us of some Russian politicians voiced by A. Dugin: " In the matter of the Moscow-
Tehran axis occupies an important place the Armenian issue, as it traditionally serves as the center of
destabilization in the Caucasus. It should be noted that the Armenians - Aryan people clearly realize their nature
and close relatives of Indo-European peoples, especially the Iranians and Kurds. On the other hand, the Armenians
Christian people, their Monophysite tradition fits exactly in the general attitude of the Eastern Church (although it is
recognized as heretical over Orthodoxy) and geopolitical ties with Russia recognized them very much alive ...
[6, с. 139]. Next A. Dugin flatly concludes: "In the Moscow-Tehran axis Yerevan automatically becomes an
important strategic link, further bonding Russia with Iran, Turkey and cut off from the inland areas" [6, с. 139].
Thus, Mr. Dugin directly threatens the strategic security of Azerbaijan.
From the above it follows that the Eurasian and especially (new) neo-Eurasianism are alien to Azerbaijan and
its geopolitical interest’s ideologies.
Источники и литература:
1. Kondakov I. V. Eurasian globalitet : origins, status and prospects // Dialogue of Civilizations in the epoch of
global culture. Moscow Research Institute of educational art 2012.
2. Seregina T. Eurasian theory of values // Culture of Sustainable Development : from idea to reality. B. : Elm,
2013.
3. Troubetzkoy N. S. Look at Russian history not from the West and from the East // The Legacy of Chengis
Khan. M. Agraf, 2000 .
4. PN Savitsky Evraziysvto // Eurasia Continent. M. Agraf, 1997.
5. PN Savitsky Steppe and sedentary // Eurasia Continent. M. Agraf, 1997.
6. Dugin A. G. Foundations of Geopolitics. M. Arktogeya, 2000.
7. Bitsilli P. M. The Two Faces of the Eurasian // Russia between Europe and Asia // Eurasian temptation.
Anthology. Moscow : Science, 1993.
8. Eurasianism. Experience systematic exposition // Reader on the Russian social thought of the nineteenth and
twentieth centuries. Moscow : Logos, 2000 .
9. Troubetzkoy N.S. The Legacy of Chengis Khan. M., 2000
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