Variation of linking elements of concession in simple and complex sentences in English with their Azerbaijani equivalents
The article is devoted to the analysis of linking elements of concession in English and their Azerbaijani equivalents. Linking elements of concession in English include conjunctions, conjunctive pronouns and adverbs, composite prepositions and some other linking elements which serve to link two id...
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irk-123456789-934512016-01-28T03:03:05Z Variation of linking elements of concession in simple and complex sentences in English with their Azerbaijani equivalents Hasanova, R. Вопросы духовной культуры – ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ The article is devoted to the analysis of linking elements of concession in English and their Azerbaijani equivalents. Linking elements of concession in English include conjunctions, conjunctive pronouns and adverbs, composite prepositions and some other linking elements which serve to link two ideas or subordinate clauses opposing to each-other semantically. When connecting opposing two ideas to each-other, conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs and conjunctive pronouns are used. Besides these linking elements, some composite prepositions are also used in English. The ways of expression of all these elements in Azerbaijani are different. Analyses of these elements made it possible to determine the variation of linking elements of concession in modern English, and the variation existing among these elements are explained by means of examples and their translations. In Azerbaijani there also exists variation among the equivalents of English linking elements of concession, and this is more colorful depending on the context. Данная статья посвящена проблемам вариативности соединительных элементов уступки в простых и сложных предложениях в английском языке и их Азербайджанских эквивалентах. Соединительными элементами уступки в английском языке являются местоимения и наречия, составные предлоги и некоторые соединительные элементы, которые используются для соединения двух понятий или же двух придаточных предложений, семантически противостоящих друг другу. Союзы, соединительные наречия и соединительные местоимения используются для соединения двух противостоящих идей. Кроме этих элементов, в английском языке, также широко используются составные предлоги. В Азербайджанском языке существуют разные способы выражения этих элементов. Вследствие анализа этих элементов было обнаружено, что соединительные элементы уступки в современном английском языке варьируются, и вариативность этих элементов объясняется с помощью примеров и их переводов. В Азербайджанском языке также существует вариативность среди эквивалентов английских соединительных элементов уступки и данное явление в Азербайджанском языке разнообразно в зависимости от контекста. Дана стаття присвячена проблемам варіативності з'єднувальних елементів поступки в простих і складних реченнях в англійській мові та їх Азербайджанських еквівалентах. З'єднувальними елементами поступки в англійській мові є займенники і прислівники, складені прийменники і деякі з'єднувальні елементи, які використовуються для з'єднання двох понять або ж двох додаткових пропозицій, семантично протистоять один одному. Союзи, сполучні прислівники і сполучні займенники використовуються для з'єднання двох протиборчих ідей. Крім цих елементів, в англійській мові, також широко використовуються складені прийменники. В Азербайджанському мові існують різні способи вираження цих елементів. Внаслідок аналізу цих елементів було виявлено, що з'єднувальні елементи поступки в сучасній англійській мові варіюються, і варіативність цих елементів пояснюється за допомогою прикладів та їх перекладів. В Азербайджанському мові також існує варіативність серед еквівалентів англійських з'єднувальних елементів поступки і дане явище в Азербайджанському мовою різноманітно в залежності від контексту. 2014 Article Variation of linking elements of concession in simple and complex sentences in English with their Azerbaijani equivalents / R. Hasanova // Культура народов Причерноморья. — 2014. — № 277. — С. 149-152. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — англ. 1562-0808 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/93451 81 en Культура народов Причерноморья Кримський науковий центр НАН України і МОН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Вопросы духовной культуры – ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ Вопросы духовной культуры – ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ |
| spellingShingle |
Вопросы духовной культуры – ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ Вопросы духовной культуры – ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ Hasanova, R. Variation of linking elements of concession in simple and complex sentences in English with their Azerbaijani equivalents Культура народов Причерноморья |
| description |
The article is devoted to the analysis of linking elements of concession in English and their
Azerbaijani equivalents. Linking elements of concession in English include conjunctions, conjunctive pronouns
and adverbs, composite prepositions and some other linking elements which serve to link two ideas or
subordinate clauses opposing to each-other semantically. When connecting opposing two ideas to each-other,
conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs and conjunctive pronouns are used. Besides these linking elements, some
composite prepositions are also used in English. The ways of expression of all these elements in Azerbaijani are
different. Analyses of these elements made it possible to determine the variation of linking elements of
concession in modern English, and the variation existing among these elements are explained by means of
examples and their translations. In Azerbaijani there also exists variation among the equivalents of English
linking elements of concession, and this is more colorful depending on the context. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Hasanova, R. |
| author_facet |
Hasanova, R. |
| author_sort |
Hasanova, R. |
| title |
Variation of linking elements of concession in simple and complex sentences in English with their Azerbaijani equivalents |
| title_short |
Variation of linking elements of concession in simple and complex sentences in English with their Azerbaijani equivalents |
| title_full |
Variation of linking elements of concession in simple and complex sentences in English with their Azerbaijani equivalents |
| title_fullStr |
Variation of linking elements of concession in simple and complex sentences in English with their Azerbaijani equivalents |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Variation of linking elements of concession in simple and complex sentences in English with their Azerbaijani equivalents |
| title_sort |
variation of linking elements of concession in simple and complex sentences in english with their azerbaijani equivalents |
| publisher |
Кримський науковий центр НАН України і МОН України |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| topic_facet |
Вопросы духовной культуры – ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/93451 |
| citation_txt |
Variation of linking elements of concession in simple and complex sentences in English with their Azerbaijani equivalents / R. Hasanova // Культура народов Причерноморья. — 2014. — № 277. — С. 149-152. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Культура народов Причерноморья |
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AT hasanovar variationoflinkingelementsofconcessioninsimpleandcomplexsentencesinenglishwiththeirazerbaijaniequivalents |
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2025-07-06T23:11:24Z |
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2025-07-06T23:11:24Z |
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1836941037707198464 |
| fulltext |
Вопросы духовной культуры – ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
149
7. Радченко Є. Володимир Сосюра / Є. Радченко. – К. : Радянський письменник, 1967.– 356 с.
8. Бурляй Ю. Володимир Соссюра / Ю. Бурляй.– К. : Держлітвидав, 1959.– 307 с.
9. Сосюра В. Зелений світ / В.Сосюра. – К. : Радянський письменник, 1949.– 200 с.
10. Сосюра В. Лірика / В. Сосюра. – К. : Держлітвидав, 1956.– 165 с.
11. Сосюра В. Твори : В 4 т. / В. Сосюра.– К. : Дніпро, 1987.– 345 с.
12. Бурляй Ю. Життя і слово / Ю. Бурляй.– К. : Радянський письменник, 1982.– 432 с.
13. Сивокінь Г. Одвічний діалог / Г. Сивокінь.– К. : Дніпро, 1984.– 278 с.
Hasanova R. УДК 81
VARIATION OF LINKING ELEMENTS OF CONCESSION IN SIMPLE AND
COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH WITH THEIR AZERBAIJANI EQUIVALENTS
ВАРИАТИВНОСТЬ СОЕДИНИТЕЛЬНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ УСТУПКИ В ПРОСТЫХ
И СЛОЖНЫХ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯХ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ И ИХ
АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКИЕ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТЫ
Summary. The article is devoted to the analysis of linking elements of concession in English and their
Azerbaijani equivalents. Linking elements of concession in English include conjunctions, conjunctive pronouns
and adverbs, composite prepositions and some other linking elements which serve to link two ideas or
subordinate clauses opposing to each-other semantically. When connecting opposing two ideas to each-other,
conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs and conjunctive pronouns are used. Besides these linking elements, some
composite prepositions are also used in English. The ways of expression of all these elements in Azerbaijani are
different. Analyses of these elements made it possible to determine the variation of linking elements of
concession in modern English, and the variation existing among these elements are explained by means of
examples and their translations. In Azerbaijani there also exists variation among the equivalents of English
linking elements of concession, and this is more colorful depending on the context.
Keywords: concession, contrast, linking elements, variation, conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs, concessive
prepositions.
Аннотация. Данная статья посвящена проблемам вариативности соединительных элементов уступки
в простых и сложных предложениях в английском языке и их Азербайджанских эквивалентах.
Соединительными элементами уступки в английском языке являются местоимения и наречия,
составные предлоги и некоторые соединительные элементы, которые используются для соединения
двух понятий или же двух придаточных предложений, семантически противостоящих друг другу.
Союзы, соединительные наречия и соединительные местоимения используются для соединения двух
противостоящих идей. Кроме этих элементов, в английском языке, также широко используются
составные предлоги. В Азербайджанском языке существуют разные способы выражения этих
элементов. Вследствие анализа этих элементов было обнаружено, что соединительные элементы
уступки в современном английском языке варьируются, и вариативность этих элементов объясняется с
помощью примеров и их переводов. В Азербайджанском языке также существует вариативность среди
эквивалентов английских соединительных элементов уступки и данное явление в Азербайджанском
языке разнообразно в зависимости от контекста.
Ключевые слова: концессия, контраст, связывая элементы, вариация, союзы, соединительные наречия,
концессионных предлоги.
Анотація. Дана стаття присвячена проблемам варіативності з'єднувальних елементів поступки в
простих і складних реченнях в англійській мові та їх Азербайджанських еквівалентах. З'єднувальними
елементами поступки в англійській мові є займенники і прислівники, складені прийменники і деякі
з'єднувальні елементи, які використовуються для з'єднання двох понять або ж двох додаткових
пропозицій, семантично протистоять один одному. Союзи, сполучні прислівники і сполучні займенники
використовуються для з'єднання двох протиборчих ідей. Крім цих елементів, в англійській мові, також
широко використовуються складені прийменники. В Азербайджанському мові існують різні способи
вираження цих елементів. Внаслідок аналізу цих елементів було виявлено, що з'єднувальні елементи
поступки в сучасній англійській мові варіюються, і варіативність цих елементів пояснюється за
допомогою прикладів та їх перекладів. В Азербайджанському мові також існує варіативність серед
еквівалентів англійських з'єднувальних елементів поступки і дане явище в Азербайджанському мовою
різноманітно в залежності від контексту.
Ключові слова: концесія, контраст, пов'язуючи елементи, варіація, спілки, з'єднувальні прислівники,
концесійних приводи.
Introduction. In the English language the complex (compound) sentence is divided into two parts: composite
compound and composite complex sentences. The composite compound sentences can have coordinating elements,
which serve to connect different ideas or notions equal in rank. Whereas composite complex sentences can have
elements which are used to connect the subordinate clause to the principal or main clause of the sentence. (9,197).
Besides subordinating conjunctions some prepositions, conjunctive adverbs, conjunctive pronouns and conjunctive
elements are also used to express concession or contrast in a sentence.
1. Linking elements which serve to connect concession clause.
The following elements are used to express concession or contrast in the English language:
1. Conjunctions:
coordinating conjunctions: while, whether...or,
Hasanova R.
VARIATION OF LINKING ELEMENTS OF CONCESSION IN SIMPLE AND COMPLEX SENTENCES IN
ENGLISH WITH THEIR AZERBAIJANI EQUIVALENTS
150
subordinating conjunctions: though, although, even if, even though, even so.
2. Conjunctive pronouns: whoever, whatever, whichever.
3. Conjunctive adverbs: wherever, however, whenever, whereas, no matter how, nevertheless, notwithstanding,
no matter what.
4. Prepositions: considering that, in spite of (the fact), for all that, with all.
5. Other linking elements: in contrast, in the same way, on (to) the contrary, on the other hand, yet, all just the
same, but otherwise, regardless, instead, regardless of.
As mentioned above, there are a lot of types of subordinating conjunctions and one of them is concession
conjunctions which have a function of linking the concession (concessive) subordinate clause to the main one. In
linguistics there is a term called contrast clauses which is used instead of concessive clauses. Such clauses usually
express some obstacle which does not prevent the realization of the action expressed in the principal clause. For
example:
Although the weather was very windy and rainy (concession clause expressing an obstacle), we enjoyed our
trip to the mountain (main clause). (Baxmayaraq ki, küləkli və yağışlı idi, biz dağa etdiyimiz səyahətdən həzz aldıq
or Havanın küləkli və yağışlı olmasına baxmayaraq, biz dağa etdiyimiz səyahətdən həzz aldıq)
So, lets us classify the above-given elements of concession or contrast properly. The first element introducing
the concession clause in the above example is called a subordinator. In this article, we are going to learn to use
some concessive subordinators and coordinators which one can confidently use in concession clauses: although,
even though, though, while and whereas.
But firstly, let us determine the way how subordinators function in a sentence. Subordinators are linking words
that join main clauses to dependent clauses to make sentences. Their big effect on words in sentences is
unavoidable. A clause without a subordinator forms a complete statement and can stand alone, while a clause
introduced by a subordinator cannot stand alone and therefore forms an incomplete statement. For example:
It was very windyand rainy.
This sentence forms a complete thought since it is not introduced by a subordinator.
Although it was windy and rainy (here the reader wants to know what happens next because the thought is
incomplete)
Now we shall speak about the types of the concessive linking elements one by one.
1.1 Variation in the use of conjunctions as a means of connection between subordinate and principal
clauses.
As it is known, conjunctions are divided into the followings ( 7, 280-283):
coordinating conjunctions: while, whether...or.
subordinating conjunctions: though, although, even if, even though, even so.
The subordinating conjunction while is used to say that some idea in the subordinate clause contrasts with
something in the main clause. This subordinator is interchangeable with conjunctive adverb whereas, or it can
mean although and can describe major contrast. For example:
My sister was quiet and shy in her childhood (main clause), while I was lively and talkative – Bacım uşaq vaxtı
sakit və utancaq idi, amma mən şən və söhbətcil idim.
My sister was quiet and shy in her childhood (main clause), whereas I was lively and talkative - Bacım uşaq
vaxtı sakit və utancaq idi, halbuki mən şən və söhbətcil idim.
These two sentences express a contrast between two ideas. As you see, while is not only used to express time;
it can also express contrast. It should be noted that the while clause can follow and precede the main clause. Let’s
look through one more example:
While my father is good at math and playing chess, I am weak at both of them. – Atamın riyaziyyat və
şahmatda güclü olmağına baxmayaraq mən onların hər ikisindən zəifəm.
While I admire your courage, I think you ought not to go on this dangerous journey – Sənin cəsarətinə heyran
olmağıma baxmayaraq (Baxmayaraq ki, sənin cəsarətinə heyranam), düşünürəm ki, sən bu təhlükəli səyahətə
getməməlisən.
While doesn’t denote some obstacle which does not prevent the realization of the action in the main clause, but
is used to show how one person, thing, or place is different from another.
… there was a dispute … the king, and the Queen, who were all talking at once, while all the rest were quite
silent, and looked very uncomfortable. – … mübahisə gedirdi …kral və kraliça hamısı danışırdı, halbuki yerdə
qalanlar sakit durmuşdular və narahat görünürdülər.(12, 135)
While some countries did agree to NATO intervention, others were strongly against it –Bəzi ölkələr NATO-nun
müdaxiləsinə razı olduqları halda, digər ölkələr bunun əleyhinə idilər.
Voting in the south was brisk, whereas in the north it got off to a slow start.
Some people suggest that while and the similar but more formal word whilst should not be used in a
contrastive sense, similar in meaning to whereas, and should be restricted to its temporal use. However, this is an
overly puristic approach since it is quite common in lots of formal writing. One difference
between while and whereas is that the contrast expressed by the former is somewhat weaker than that expressed by
the latter.
Although (baxmayaraq), though (informal) (baxmayaraq), even if (hətta əgər), even though (hətta əgər) and
as (baxmayaraq) are subordinating elements which are used in contrast clauses. They are also called
subordinating conjunctions and introduce an idea which contrasts with the main clause.
Вопросы духовной культуры – ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
151
He had enough bread. He went to buy some more.
The above two statements can be combined as follows:
All four conjunctions here introduce concessive clauses.
Even if she is very old, she runs fast.
Although Samir was half asleep, he remembered to set the house alarm. Baxmayaraq ki, Samir yarıyuxulu idi,
o, siqnalizasiyanı işə salmağı xatırladı.
Though Samir was half asleep, he remembered to set the house alarm – Baxmayaraq ki, Samir yarıyuxulu idi,
o, siqnalizasiyanı işə salmağı xatırladı və ya Samir yarıyuxulu olmağına baxmayaraq, o, siqnalizasiyanı işə
salmağı xatırladı.
Even though Samir was half asleep, he remembered to set the house alarm – Hətta yarıyuxulu olmağına
baxmayaraq, Samir siqnalizasiyanı işə salmağı xatırladı.
Yes, we went to school in the sea, though you may not believe it – Although it was raining, he walked to the
station– Bəli, baxmayaraq ki, sən inanmırsan, biz dənizdə məktəbə gedirdik. ( 12, 148)
A concessive clause is a clause which begins with a conjunction "although" or "even though" and expresses an
idea suggesting the opposite of the main part of the sentence.
The sentence "Although she's a doctor, she does not work" begins with a concessive clause- "Although she's a
doctor" which has an opposite meaning of - "she does not work" which is the main part of the sentence.
All these subordinators have the same meaning; however, there is semantic variation among them. In informal
speech though is more common than although. Even though is a stronger form of a conjunction although or though,
and is definitely more emphatic than although.
So, if you want to sound very informal, you can use though instead of although. In case you want to sound very
emphatic (concession is made more emphatic by using the modifier even),you can use even though instead of
although and though. These four subordinating elements always come before the subject and verb in a clause. The
although/though/even though/even if clauses can precede and follow the main clause. Let’s look through one more
example:
Jane wasn’t accepted to the job as an accountant although she had all the necessary qualifications – Bütün
lazımi keyfiyyətlərimə baxmayaraq, Ceyn mühasib işinə qəbul edilmədi.
So, the concessive clauses are formed according to the following model:
ALTHOUGH + SUBJECT + VERB (Concessive clause)
EVEN THOUGH
In Modern English even is used as a particle, but we can use even if and even though conjunctions to connect
two clauses.
They will go even if /even though you prohibit them to – Hətta əgər sən qadağan etsən belə onlar gedəcəklər.
Even if I fail, I will try again and again until I succeed – Hətta əgər mən müvəffəqiyyətsizliyə düçar olsam belə,
alınana kimi cəhd edəcəm.
Though and although mean ‘in spite of the fact that’, ‘even if’ and similar ideas and can be used as
conjunctions with the same meaning. However though is more common.
Though he had a car, he always walked to the work– Maşını olmağına baxmayaraq, o, həmişə işə piyada
gedərdi.
Though you hate me, I will always serve you faithfully – Baxmayaraq ki, sən mənə nifrət edirsən, hər zaman
sənə sədaqətlə qulluq edəcəm.
Although Jane was a clever student, she didn’t receive a scholarship–Ceyn savadlı tələbə olmağına
baxmayaraq, təqaüd almadı.
In the above given two sentences though is used at the initial position, which gives the sentence more emphatic
meaning, while in-mid position the sentence will have ordinary intonation. This rule can be applied to all
concessive conjunctions.
I would like to go out although it is raining – Baxmayaraq ki, yağış yağır mən bayıra çıxmaq istərdim.
Maria didn’t receive a scholarship although she is a clever student.
One of the conjunctions used in concession clause is as. ADJECTIVE/ADVERB + AS + SUBJECT + VERB
model is used here (7, 280-283).
There are structural similarities between in spite of, despite and although, even though, as.
Hasanova R.
VARIATION OF LINKING ELEMENTS OF CONCESSION IN SIMPLE AND COMPLEX SENTENCES IN
ENGLISH WITH THEIR AZERBAIJANI EQUIVALENTS
152
1.4. Other linking elements expressing concession
In English the following elements are used to express the idea of concession. But they are not used to connect
principal and subordinate clauses, so they can only be used in simple sentences: in the same way, on the other hand,
(on) (to) the contrary to, yet, all just the same, but otherwise, regardless, regardless of.
Besides above mentioned linking elements, in English some adverbs and other linking elements are also used
to express concession in a sentence, but it will not be in the form of composite complex sentence.
He is tall while/whereas/on the other hand she is short – O, uca boyludur, amma/digər tərəfdən o qadın qısa
boyludur.
Football is popular in England while / yet / on the other hand in Australia they prefer cricket – Futbol
İngiltərədə məşhurdur amma/halbuku/digər tərəfdən Avstraliyada kriket oynamağı üstün tuturlar.
Jack thinks we’re ready to begin while / whereas / yet Tom thinks we still need to wait – Cək fikirləşir ki, biz
başlamağa hazırıq, lakin/amma/halbuki Tom bizim gözləməli olduğumuzu düşünür.
Contrary to his doctor’s orders, he had gone back to work – Öz həkiminin göstərişinə baxmayaraq o, işə
qayıtdı.
The club welcomes all new members, regardless of age – Yaşlarına baxmayaraq, klub bütün üzvləri qəbul
edərək salamlayır.
The rent is rather high, otherwise the house is fine –Kirayə haqqı kifayət qədər yüksək olmağına baxmayaraq,
ev əladır.
Conclusion. As a result of the analyses of the linking elements of concession, we came to a conclusion that
besides conjunction some other elements of language can be used to give the sentence the idea of concession. If
one wants to connect two ideas in a sentence he/she will have to use conjunctive adverbs and conjunctive pronouns.
But in case of a simple sentence, we will not be able to use conjunctions, but we can substitute them by the
prepositions and some other expressions serving to express the idea of concession in a sentence, which is quite
possible. So, all the elements described above are widely-used in modern English to express the idea of concession.
In the usage of these elements variation also can be felt which serves to express different shades of meaning in a
sentence.
Источники и литература:
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Cambridge University Press, 2002
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