Paracamelus minor (Camelidae, Tylopoda) – a New Camelid Species from the Middle Pliocene of Ukraine
Paracamelus minor sp. n. – a new species from the Odessa Catacombs locality (Ruscinian, MN—15) in the Northern Black Sea area of Ukraine is described. Small size, moderately swelling of the mandibular body, considerable reduction of P 3 and some other peculiarities in the construction...
Збережено в:
| Дата: | 2001 |
|---|---|
| Автор: | |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | English |
| Опубліковано: |
Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України
2001
|
| Теми: | |
| Онлайн доступ: | http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/9517 |
| Теги: |
Додати тег
Немає тегів, Будьте першим, хто поставить тег для цього запису!
|
| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | Paracamelus minor (Camelidae, Tylopoda) – a New Camelid Species from the Middle Pliocene of Ukraine / V.M. Logvynenko // Вестн. зоологии. — 2001. — Т. 35, № 1. — С. 39-42. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| id |
irk-123456789-9517 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
irk-123456789-95172010-07-02T12:02:19Z Paracamelus minor (Camelidae, Tylopoda) – a New Camelid Species from the Middle Pliocene of Ukraine Logvynenko, V.M. Фауна и систематика Paracamelus minor sp. n. – a new species from the Odessa Catacombs locality (Ruscinian, MN—15) in the Northern Black Sea area of Ukraine is described. Small size, moderately swelling of the mandibular body, considerable reduction of P 3 and some other peculiarities in the construction of P 4 and M 1 differs this species from all known representatives of the genus Paracamelus. Описан новый вид Paracamelus minor sp. n. из местонахождения Одесские катакомбы (русциний, MN—15) в Северном Причерноморье Украины. Мелкие размеры, умеренное вздутие тела нижней челюсти, значительная редукция Р3 и некоторые другие особенности строения Р4 и М1 отличают его от всех известных представителей рода Paracamelus. 2001 Article Paracamelus minor (Camelidae, Tylopoda) – a New Camelid Species from the Middle Pliocene of Ukraine / V.M. Logvynenko // Вестн. зоологии. — 2001. — Т. 35, № 1. — С. 39-42. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. 0084-5604 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/9517 569.735.1 : 551.782.2(477.74) en Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Фауна и систематика Фауна и систематика |
| spellingShingle |
Фауна и систематика Фауна и систематика Logvynenko, V.M. Paracamelus minor (Camelidae, Tylopoda) – a New Camelid Species from the Middle Pliocene of Ukraine |
| description |
Paracamelus minor sp. n. – a new species from the Odessa Catacombs locality
(Ruscinian, MN—15) in the Northern Black Sea area of Ukraine is described. Small size, moderately swelling
of the mandibular body, considerable reduction of P 3 and some other peculiarities in the construction of P 4
and M 1 differs this species from all known representatives of the genus Paracamelus. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Logvynenko, V.M. |
| author_facet |
Logvynenko, V.M. |
| author_sort |
Logvynenko, V.M. |
| title |
Paracamelus minor (Camelidae, Tylopoda) – a New Camelid Species from the Middle Pliocene of Ukraine |
| title_short |
Paracamelus minor (Camelidae, Tylopoda) – a New Camelid Species from the Middle Pliocene of Ukraine |
| title_full |
Paracamelus minor (Camelidae, Tylopoda) – a New Camelid Species from the Middle Pliocene of Ukraine |
| title_fullStr |
Paracamelus minor (Camelidae, Tylopoda) – a New Camelid Species from the Middle Pliocene of Ukraine |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Paracamelus minor (Camelidae, Tylopoda) – a New Camelid Species from the Middle Pliocene of Ukraine |
| title_sort |
paracamelus minor (camelidae, tylopoda) – a new camelid species from the middle pliocene of ukraine |
| publisher |
Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| publishDate |
2001 |
| topic_facet |
Фауна и систематика |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/9517 |
| citation_txt |
Paracamelus minor (Camelidae, Tylopoda) – a New Camelid Species from the Middle Pliocene of Ukraine / V.M. Logvynenko // Вестн. зоологии. — 2001. — Т. 35, № 1. — С. 39-42. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT logvynenkovm paracamelusminorcamelidaetylopodaanewcamelidspeciesfromthemiddleplioceneofukraine |
| first_indexed |
2025-07-02T12:48:25Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-07-02T12:48:25Z |
| _version_ |
1836539451518484480 |
| fulltext |
Vestnik zoologii, 35(1): 39—42, 2001
© 2001 V. M. Logvynenko
UDC 569.735.1 : 551.782.2(477.74)
PARACAMELUS MINOR (CAMELIDAE, TYLOPODA) –
A NEW CAMELID SPECIES
FROM THE MIDDLE PLIOCENE OF UKRAINE
V. M. Logvynenko
National Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, vul. B. Khmelnits’kogo, 15, Kyiv,
01601 Ukraine
E-mail: pal-museum@profit.net.ua
Accepted 14 April 2000
Paracamelus minor (Camelidae, Tylopoda) – a New Camelid Species from the Middle Pliocene of Ukraine.
Logvynenko V. M. – Paracamelus minor sp. n. – a new species from the Odessa Catacombs locality
(Ruscinian, MN—15) in the Northern Black Sea area of Ukraine is described. Small size, moderately swelling
of the mandibular body, considerable reduction of P3 and some other peculiarities in the construction of P4
and M1 differs this species from all known representatives of the genus Paracamelus.
Key wo rd s : Camelidae, Paracamelus minor, morphology, Pliocene, Ukraine.
Paracamelus minor (Camelidae, Tylopoda) – íîâûé âèä âåðáëþäà èç ñðåäíåãî ïëèîöåíà Óêðàèíû. Ëîãâè-
íåíêî Â. Í. – Îïèñàí íîâûé âèä Paracamelus minor sp. n. èç ìåñòîíàõîæäåíèÿ Îäåññêèå êàòàêîìáû
(ðóñöèíèé, ÌN—15) â Ñåâåðíîì Ïðè÷åðíîìîðüå Óêðàèíû. Ìåëêèå ðàçìåðû, óìåðåííîå âçäóòèå òåëà
íèæíåé ÷åëþñòè, çíà÷èòåëüíàÿ ðåäóêöèÿ Ð3 è íåêîòîðûå äðóãèå îñîáåííîñòè ñòðîåíèÿ Ð4 è Ì1 îòëè-
÷àþò åãî îò âñåõ èçâåñòíûõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ðîäà Paracamelus.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà : Camelidae, Paracamelus minor, ìîðôîëîãèÿ, ïëèîöåí, Óêðàèíà.
The first remains of the ancient camelids in the Western Europe are known from the Miocene sediments of
Venta del Moro in Spain. On the territory of Ukraine this group appeared in the Early Pliocene (Pont) (Alexeeva,
1977). In the Middle Pliocene (Kimmerian regiostage) Paracamelus alexejevi Havesson, 1950 became the dominant
species in the Northern Black Sea area. A big quantity of fossil material of this species comes from the Middle
Pleistocene red-brown clay, filling the carstic caves in the Pontian limestone of Odessa city (Odessa Catacombs).
Among them a mandible of a much smaller camelid was found. The morphological peculiarities of the latter allow us
to determine it as a separate taxon of the species rank. This new species is able not only to give us more broad vision
on the taxa variation in the genus Paracamelus, but also brings some important changes to the view on the
developing of this genus in the Pliocene of the Northern Black Sea area.
In the present papar the traditional East-European Regiostage Scheme is used.
Family Camelidae Gray, 1821
Genus Paracamelus Schlosser, 1903
Paracamelus minor* Logvynenko sp. n. (fig. 1, a, b, c)
Ma t e r i a l . Holotype is known only. Holotype N 0-2073; collection of the National Museum of Natural His-
tory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; a fragment of the right mandible with P3, P4, M1 and a half of
M2; mandibular body is broken in 2 cm in front of the alveolus of P3, and in the middle of M2; belongs to a young
individual.
Loca l i ty . Ukraine, the Northern Black Sea area, Odessa; the Middle Pleistocene red-
brown clay, filling the carstic caves in the Pontian limestone of Odessa city (Odessa
Catacombs).
Age . Middle Pliocene, Kimmerian regiostage, Moldavian faunal complex (analogue of
the late Ruscinian).
* minor (lat.) – small.
V. M. Logvynenko 40
Diagnos i s . Paracamelus of a small size, the length of the raw P3—P4 is 30.5 mm.
P3 slightly reduced. P4 molarised, with an additional groove in the fore lingual corner. Ante-
rior semilunation on M1 is closed lower than on the other teeth. M2 without anterior labial
fold. The thickness index of the lower jaw below the middle part of M1 is 66.8%.
Descr ip t ion . The size of the mandible and teeth are small. The length of the raw P3—
P4 is 30.5 mm, M1 – 30 mm. The rest measurements of the holotype are given in a table.
Teeth measurements were taken on the crowns near the alveolus, the measurements of the
lower jaw – on the labial side.
P3 is comparatively small. It has a slightly marked back basin, that resembles more the
enamel fold passing by obliquely the inner side of a tooth from the middle up to the back
part of the crown foundation.
Fig. 1. The mandible of Paracamelus minor from Odessa Catacombs (holotype): a – P3–M2, occulusial surface; b –
labial view; c – lingual view.
Ðèñ. 1. Íèæíÿÿ ÷åëþñòü Paracamelus minor èç Îäåññêèõ êàòàêîìá (ãîëîòèï): a – P3–M2, æåâàòåëüíàÿ ïîâåðõ-
íîñòü; b – âèä ñ íàðóæíîé ñòîðîíû; c – âèä ñ âíóòðåííåé ñòîðîíû.
Paracamelus minor – a New Camelid Species from the Middle Pliocene … 41
P4 has a groove in the fore lingual corner, which is typical for the genus Paracamelus.
Protoconid is thicken, hypoconid is arch-shaped. The groove between them is deep, ends at
the beginning of the back basin level. The basin between the paraconid and metaconid is
deeper than that one between the metaconid and entoconid. The basin between entoconid
and entostylid of an oval shape, opened in its upper part, ends on the level of the middle
height of the tooth. Index of the length of P4 to the height of the lower jaw (4/10) is about
68%.
On M1 the parastylid and entostylid are more developed than the mesostilid. A middle
rib is clearly distinguished on the medial side. Anterior semilunation in the back part is not
closed, in spite of the considerable tooth obliteration (fig. 1, c). The index of the tooth
length to the height of the mandibular body below M1 is 77.5%. M2 is similar to M1, but is a
little larger.
Inferior side of the lower jaw is prominent, especially under the molars, whereas a me-
dial side is almost direct and the anterior part below the premolars is arched laterally. One
can see a gradual increasing of the mandibular body thickness indexes from P3 to M1 (40.6%
below the middle of P3 and 76.8% below the middle of M2).
Compar i son. According to the measurements of the lower jaw and teeth, P. minor is
smaller than P. gigas Schlosser, 1903, P. praebactrianus (Orlov, 1927), P. alexejevi Havesson,
1950, P. aguirrei Morales, 1984, P. trofimovi Sharapov, 1986, and all representatives of the
genus Camelus. It is nearly of the same size as P. alutensis Stefanescu, 1895. The length of
the raw P3—P4 is as follows: P. minor – 30.5 mm, P. gigas 45—46 mm (Zdansky, 1926),
P. alexejevi – 38—50 mm, P. alutensis 33—35 mm (Havesson, 1954), and P. trofimovi –
Tab l e 1 . Measurements of the mandibles and teeth of the camelids Paracamelus and Camelus
Òàáë 1 . Ïðîìåðû íèæíèõ ÷åëþñòåé è çóáîâ âåðáëþäîâ ðîäîâ Paracamelus è Camelus
P. minor P. alexejevi P. alutensis P. gigas P. trofimovi Camelus sp.
Odessa Catacombs Kairy Morskaya Vinodelnoe Xenan
(China) Kuruksai Measurement
Holotype
0-2073 n Lim M ±m OF-900 OF-902 Havesson,
1954
Zdansky,
1927
Sharapov,
1986 6172
Length of P3P4 30.5 5 38–50 43.49 2.22 — — 46.0 45.0 33.0 —
Length of P3M1 59.2 5 67–84 75.06 3.15 — — — — — —
Length of P3 10.0 8 15–19 17.23 0.75 — — 18.0 19.0 9.0 —
Length of P4 20.4 5 20–27 22.74 1.36 — — 27.0 26.0 24.4 24.2
Length of M1 24.8 11 33–43 38.03 0.51 24.0 27.0 34.0 35.0 30.0 30.4
Width of P3. 5.1 5 8–10 9.17 0.33 — — — — — —
Width of P4 11.0 8 13–15 13.01 0.31 — — — — 15.5 14.5
Width of M1 15.0 11 21–24 22.46 0.38 — 18.0 — — 22.0 21.0
Height of mandible below the middle of:
P3 30.5 5 49–60 54.20 2.03 — — — — — —
P4 30.0 5 48–64 53.30 2.65 — — — — 68.0 44.6
M1 31.6 5 52–69 60.29 3.36 33.5 30.0 67.0 — 77.0 47.3
M2 35.4 5 58–74 65.74 3.50 35.7 37.0 — — — 46.4
Thickness of mandible below the middle of:
P3 12.4 6 20–24 21.8 0.63 — — — — — —
P4 14.9 6 24–27 25.1 0.55 — — — — — 25.1
M1 21.0 6 30–32 31.3 0.55 26.7 26.0 — — — 28.0
M2 27.1 6 35–38 36.0 0.51 32.5 32.2 — — — 34.0
Index (%):
3/1 32.8 5 37–44 39.74 1.10 – — 39.1 42.2 27.3 —
4/1 66.8 5 52–60 55.34 1.60 – — 58.7 57.8 73.9 —
5/1 81.3 5 70–90 77.04 3.43 – — 74.0 77.8 90.9 —
3/9 32.8 4 27–33 30.6 – – — 29.0 — — —
4/10 68.0 4 31–49 41.93 – – — — — 38.4 54.5
5/11 77.5 4 50–61 56.20 – 71.6 90.0 50.7 — 39.0 63.8
13/9 40.6 4 38–41 40.21 – – — — — — —
14/10 49.7 4 42–46 44.25 – – — — — — 56.8
15/11 66.5 4 44–56 52.03 – 80.0 86.7 — — — 59.6
16/12 76.8 4 52–63 57.74 – 91.0 87.0 — — — 74.0
V. M. Logvynenko 42
33 mm (Sharapov, 1986). The anterior semilunation on M1 of P. minor is closed later (in the
middle of tooth level) than in all camelids listed above.
As to the construction of the lower jaw and teeth, P. minor is similar to P. alexejevi from
the same locality and to P. alutensis as well. P3 of P alexejevi is less reduced than that of
P. minor (the indexes of the length of this tooth to the length of the raw P3—P4 are 39.7%
and 32.8% respectively). The construction of P4 (closing of the back basin, the development
of conids, stylids and basins) in both species is similar, but P. alutensis has a groove between
protoconid and hypoconid which comes into the crown of a tooth deeper and separates the
posterior part more clearly. The construction of molars in both species is similar as well, but
their middle ribs in P. minor are more marked. The thickness of the jaw from P3 to M2 (in-
dex 13/9—16/12) increasing quickly than in P. alexejevi.
P. alutensis differs from P. minor by larger absolute and relative thickness of the lower
jaw (see table), as well as by its shape and construction of M1 (Havesson, 1954, Alexeeva,
1977).
P. aguirrei from the Later Pliocene of Spain is considerably larger. The length of its P3 is
20 mm. A posterior basin of P3 in this species is larger and is removed to the center of the
tooth crown (Pickford, Morales, Soria, 1995).
Notes . Morphological peculiarities of P. minor differ it from all earlier known species
of the genus Paracamelus and shows that this camelid is related to P. alexejevi and
P. alutensis. Since P. minor existed at the same time as P. alexejevi and it has many similar
features with the latter, it makes possible to suppose that both species are very related and
could have a common ancestor which is still unknown. Moreover, the morphology of the
mandible (especially its considerable thickness) and lower teeth give a possibility to suppose
that described species could be a direct ancestor of P. alutensis. Therefore, the view of
V. A. Topachevsky (1956) on the origin of P. alutensis from P. alexejevi can be changed –
there are much more reasons to regard P. minor as the ancestor of P. alutensis.
Dis t r ibut ion . The Middle Pliocene of Ukraine: Odessa Catacombs.
Acknowledgements
Author is indebted to Academician of NAS of Ukraine V. A. Topachevsky and Dr. T. V. Krakhmalnaya for
their help in the preparing of the present paper, and the special sanks to S. M. Ivanova for the illustrations.
Àëåêñååâà Ë. È. Òåðèîôàóíà ðàííåãî àíòðîïîãåíà Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû // Òð. ãåîë. èí-òà ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ. –
1977. – Âûï. 300. – 214 ñ.
Òîïà÷åâñüêèé Â. Î. Ðåøòêè äð³áíîãî âåðáëþäà (Paracamelus alutensis) ç âåðõíüîïë³îöåíîâèõ â³äêëàä³â ï³âäíÿ
ÓÐÑÐ // Òð. ²í-òó çîîëî㳿 ÀÍ ÓÐÑÐ. – 1956. – 13. – Ñ. 93−99.
Õàâåñîí ß. È. Âåðáëþäû ðîäà Paracamelus // Äîêë. ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ. – 1950. – 70, ¹ 5. – Ñ. 917−920.
Õàâåñîí ß. È. Òðåòè÷íûå âåðáëþäû Âîñòî÷íîãî ïîëóøàðèÿ // Òð. ÏÈÍ ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ. – 1954. – Âûï. 2. –
Ñ. 100−162.
Øàðàïîâ Ø. Êóðóêñàéñêèé êîìïëåêñ ïîçäíåïëèîöåíîâûõ ìëåêîïèòàþùèõ Àôãàíî-Òàäæèêñêîé äåïðåñ-
ñèè. – Äóøàíáå : Äîíèø, 1986. – 272 ñ.
Pickford M., Morales J., Soria D. Fossil camels from the Upper Miocene of Europe: implications for biogeography
and faunal change // Geobios. – 1995. – 28 (5). – P. 641 – 650.
Morales J. Venta del Moro: su macrofauna de mamiferos, y biostratigrafia continental del Mioceno terminal
Mediterraneo. – Ed. Univ. Complutense de Madrid : Tes. doct. – Madrid, 1984. – 480 p.
Stefanescu G. Le chameau de Roumanie // An. Mus. Geol. Paleontol. (pe anul 1894). – 1895. – C. 90−123.
Zdansky O. Paracamelus gigas Shlosser // Palaeont. Sinica. Ser. C. – 1926. – 2, fasc 4. – P. 1−44.
|