The electrophysical and optical properties of gadolinium monoantimonide thin films
Within a wide temperature interval 90 – 700 K the main the dependence of electro-physical parameters of GdSb films (specific resistance, Hall constant and thermo-electromotive force) on temperature have been measured. It has been shown that the films are semimetals. The reflection and adsorption...
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Науковий фізико-технологічний центр МОН та НАН України
2012
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| Цитувати: | The electrophysical and optical properties of gadolinium monoantimonide thin films / Z. Jabua, I. Kupreishvili, A. Gigineishvili, G. Iluridze, T. Minashvili // Физическая инженерия поверхности. — 2012. — Т. 10, № 3. — С. 295–298. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-989742016-04-20T03:02:06Z The electrophysical and optical properties of gadolinium monoantimonide thin films Jabua, Z. Kupreishvili, I. Gigineishvili, A. Iluridze, G. Minashvili, T. Within a wide temperature interval 90 – 700 K the main the dependence of electro-physical parameters of GdSb films (specific resistance, Hall constant and thermo-electromotive force) on temperature have been measured. It has been shown that the films are semimetals. The reflection and adsorption spectra of prepared films have been studied for the first time within the intervals of 0.05 – 5.5 eV. On the basis of received data the diagram of the dependence of penetration real part and loss functions on the photon energy have been plotted. It has been shown that the spectra of optical parameters have quite a complex nature. Разработана технология приготовления тонких кристаллических плёнок GdSb методом вакуумно-термического испарения из двух независимых источников Gd и Sb, в широком интервале температур 90 – 700 K. Исследованы температурные зависимости удельного электросопротивления, постоянной Холла и термо-ЭДС. Показано, что пленки являются полуметаллами. В области энергии фотонов 0.05 – 5.5 эВ измерены спектры отражения и поглощения. В результате полученных данных вычислены энергетические зависимости деиствительной и мнимой части диэлектрической проницаемости, а также функции потерь. Исследования выявили сложный характер оптических параметров изготовленных плёнок. Розроблена технологія приготування тонких кристалічних плівок GdSb методом вакуумнотермічного випаровування із двох незалежних джерел Gd і Sb, у широкому інтервалі температур 90 – 700 K. Досліджені температурні залежності питомого електроопору, постійної Хола і термо-ЕРС. Показано, що плівки є напівметалами. В області енергії фотонів 0.05 – 5.5 еВ виміряні спектри відбиття і поглинання. У результаті отриманих даних обчислені енергетичнізалежності дійсної та уявної частини діелектричної проникності, а такожфункції втрат. Дослідження виявили складний характер оптичних параметрів виготовлених плівок. 2012 Article The electrophysical and optical properties of gadolinium monoantimonide thin films / Z. Jabua, I. Kupreishvili, A. Gigineishvili, G. Iluridze, T. Minashvili // Физическая инженерия поверхности. — 2012. — Т. 10, № 3. — С. 295–298. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. 1999-8074 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/98974 541-67:661.863/888 en Физическая инженерия поверхности Науковий фізико-технологічний центр МОН та НАН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| description |
Within a wide temperature interval 90 – 700 K the main the dependence of electro-physical parameters
of GdSb films (specific resistance, Hall constant and thermo-electromotive force) on temperature
have been measured. It has been shown that the films are semimetals. The reflection and adsorption
spectra of prepared films have been studied for the first time within the intervals of 0.05 – 5.5 eV. On
the basis of received data the diagram of the dependence of penetration real part and loss functions
on the photon energy have been plotted. It has been shown that the spectra of optical parameters
have quite a complex nature. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Jabua, Z. Kupreishvili, I. Gigineishvili, A. Iluridze, G. Minashvili, T. |
| spellingShingle |
Jabua, Z. Kupreishvili, I. Gigineishvili, A. Iluridze, G. Minashvili, T. The electrophysical and optical properties of gadolinium monoantimonide thin films Физическая инженерия поверхности |
| author_facet |
Jabua, Z. Kupreishvili, I. Gigineishvili, A. Iluridze, G. Minashvili, T. |
| author_sort |
Jabua, Z. |
| title |
The electrophysical and optical properties of gadolinium monoantimonide thin films |
| title_short |
The electrophysical and optical properties of gadolinium monoantimonide thin films |
| title_full |
The electrophysical and optical properties of gadolinium monoantimonide thin films |
| title_fullStr |
The electrophysical and optical properties of gadolinium monoantimonide thin films |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The electrophysical and optical properties of gadolinium monoantimonide thin films |
| title_sort |
electrophysical and optical properties of gadolinium monoantimonide thin films |
| publisher |
Науковий фізико-технологічний центр МОН та НАН України |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/98974 |
| citation_txt |
The electrophysical and optical properties of gadolinium monoantimonide thin films / Z. Jabua, I. Kupreishvili, A. Gigineishvili, G. Iluridze, T. Minashvili // Физическая инженерия поверхности. — 2012. — Т. 10, № 3. — С. 295–298. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Физическая инженерия поверхности |
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295
INTRODUCTION
The antimonides of rear-earth elements (REE) at-
tract a great attention of the investigators. Which is
the result of their interesting, frequently often mu-
tually exclusive electric, thermal, optical and other
properties [1, 2]. The REE monoantimonides are
semi-metals with high temperature of melting and
are the materials for manufacturing the resistors. But
all these compounds have not been studied properly.
To this lesser studied material having the interesting
property belongs the gadolinium monoantimonide
[3 − 6]. In particular, by its adiabatic demagneti-
zation it is possible to be received a very low tem-
perature. In the represented work the data have
been brought dealing with study of GdSb electro-
physical and optical properties.
EXPERIMENTAL TEQNIQUE
In the represented work the GdSb thin films have
been received from two independent sources by the
vacuum-thermal evaporation method [7]. Measu-
rement of specific resistance, Hall constant and
thermal-electromotive force of received films has
been performed on the apparatus which gave a
possibility to carry out the measurements within one
cycle. Measurement of Hall constant has been per-
formed through using the constant magnetic and di-
rect current.
UDC 541-67:661.863/888
THE ELECTROPHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF GADOLINIUM
MONOANTIMONIDE THIN FILMS
Z. Jabua, I. Kupreishvili, A. Gigineishvili, G. Iluridze, T. Minashvili
Georgian Technical University, Department of Physics
Received 28.09.2012
Within a wide temperature interval 90 – 700 K the main the dependence of electro-physical parameters
of GdSb films (specific resistance, Hall constant and thermo-electromotive force) on temperature
have been measured. It has been shown that the films are semimetals. The reflection and adsorption
spectra of prepared films have been studied for the first time within the intervals of 0.05 – 5.5 eV. On
the basis of received data the diagram of the dependence of penetration real part and loss functions
on the photon energy have been plotted. It has been shown that the spectra of optical parameters
have quite a complex nature.
Keywords: film, rare earth, evaporation, specific resistivity, Hall constant, thermo-electromotive force,
absorption spectra, reflection spectrum.
Разработана технология приготовления тонких кристаллических плёнок GdSb методом ва-
куумно-термического испарения из двух независимых источников Gd и Sb, в широком интервале
температур 90 – 700 K. Исследованы температурные зависимости удельного электросопро-
тивления, постоянной Холла и термо-ЭДС. Показано, что пленки являются полуметаллами. В
области энергии фотонов 0.05 – 5.5 эВ измерены спектры отражения и поглощения. В результате
полученных данных вычислены энергетические зависимости деиствительной и мнимой части
диэлектрической проницаемости, а также функции потерь. Исследования выявили сложный
характер оптических параметров изготовленных плёнок.
Ключевые слова: плёнка, редкоземельный элемент, удельное электросопротивление,
постоянная Холла, термо-ЭДС, спектр отражения, спектр поглощения.
Розроблена технологія приготування тонких кристалічних плівок GdSb методом вакуумно-
термічного випаровування із двох незалежних джерел Gd і Sb, у широкому інтервалі температур
90 – 700 K. Досліджені температурні залежності питомого електроопору, постійної Хола і тер-
мо-ЕРС. Показано, що плівки є напівметалами. В області енергії фотонів 0.05 – 5.5 еВ виміряні
спектри відбиття і поглинання. У результаті отриманих даних обчислені енергетичні залежності
дійсної та уявної частини діелектричної проникності, а також функції втрат. Дослідження виявили
складний характер оптичних параметрів виготовлених плівок.
Ключові слова: плівка, рідкоземельний елемент, питомий електроопір, постійна Хола, термо-
ЕРС, спектр відбиття, спектр поглинання.
Z. Jabua, I. Kupreishvili, A. Gigineishvili, G. Iluridze, T. Minashvili, 2012
ФІП ФИП PSE, 2012, т. 10, № 3 vol. 10, No. 3296
In the given work the spectra of reflection and
transparency of received films in the section of the
energies of 0.05 − 5.5 eV have been measured at
room temperature. For the experimental base a
universal spectral-computing complex KCBУ-2 and
infra-red spectral-computing complex KCBУ-2 and
infrared spectral-computing complex KCBИ have
been used. Processing of the received results has
been effected on the basis of Cramer-Cronig dis-
perse correlation [8].
RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENT AND
THEIR CONSIDERATION
In fig. 1 there is shown an X-ray diffraction pat-
tern of gadolinium monoantimonide thin film deposi-
ted on cital substrate. The analysis has shown that
the films have a NaCl type crystal lattice with crystal
lattice equal to 6.25 D which is in good conformity
to literary data of volume crystal of monoantimo-
nide [ 9].
In fig. 2 – 6 there is brought the dependence of
electro-physical parameters on temperature in the
whole section.
Fig. 1. X-ray diffraction pattern of gadolinium monoanti-
monide film (the substrate – polycrystalline pyroceramic,
thickness of the film – 1.2 mkm).
Fig. 2. A diagram of specific resistance dependence on
temperature (the substrate – polycrystalline pyroceramic,
thickness of the film – 1.1 mkm).
Fig. 3. Diagram of Hall constant dependence on tempe-
rature (the substrate – polycrystalline pyroceramic,
thickness of the film – 1.1 mkm).
Fig. 4. Thermo emf dependence on temperature (the sub-
strate – sapphire, thickness of the film – 1.2 mkm).
Fig. 5. Diagram of electrons mobility on the temperature
(substrate – polycrystalline pyroceramic l, thickness of
the film – 1.1 mkm).
THE ELECTROPHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF GADOLINIUM MONOANTIMONIDE THIN FILMS
297
As it is seen from the fig. 6 – the value of the
specific resistance and the character of temperature
dependence is analogous for tulium, iterbium,
samarium and praseodium mono and diantimonides.
From fig. 6 and 7 it is clear that within the whole
temperature interval, the Hall constant and thermal
electromotive force have the negative sign. The
absolute meaning of the Hall constant is significantly
and nonlinearly reduced. The absolute value of
thermoelectromotive force is linearly increased. The
results of measurement of the Hall constant values
have been used for calculation of mobility and
concentration of charge carriers (electrons) by one-
zone approximation. It should be indicated that such
an approximation is not completely correct. As it is
shown in fig. 6 and fig. 7 the electron concentration
is weakly increased and the mobility is reduced. The
character of dependence of electrophysical
parameters on the temperature and the magnitudes
of their absolute values give us a possibility to
conclude that the gadolinium monoantimonide is a
semimetal.
The reflection and absorption spectra of
gadolinium monoantimonide films have been
measured by us in a wide section (band) of spectrum
at the room temperature 0.05 – 5.5 eV.
Fig. 7 – shows the reflection spectrum. As it is
seen from the drawing during the energy of 0.287
eV. There is possible to notice a well-expressed
longwave minimum; well expressed a reflection line
(band) with the maximum at 0.41eV and minimum
at 2.1 eV.
In fig. 8 it is shown the absorption spectrum on
which it is possible to be distinguished three pecu-
liarities: a relatively high transparency band (section)
in the vicinity of 0.45 eV; a structure at 0.25 eV and
a band (section) of absorption acute growth for the
energies which exceed to 0.1 eV.
Unfortunately it is impossible to make an unam-
biguous explanation of reflection and adsorption
spectra. The sole thing which might be told for sure
is that a distinct minimum in the reflection spectrum
and a relative longwave increase of absorption co-
efficient can be ascribed to plasma oscillations of
charge carriers.
As it is seen from the fig. 9 a real part of dielectric
penetration in spectrum of infrared band ε1 strives
to very high negative values indicating the fact that
in optical processes the free charge carriers play a
Fig. 6. Dependence of electron concentration on tempe-
rature. (substrate – polycrystalline pyroceramic, thickness
of the film – 1.1 mkm).
Fig. 7. The reflection spectrum of gadolinium diantimonide
thin films (substrate – sapphire, film thickness – 1.2 mkm).
Fig. 8. The absorption spectrum of gadolinium dianti-
monide thin films (substrate – sapphire, film thickness –
1.2 mkm).
Z. JABUA, I. KUPREISHVILI, A. GIGINEISHVILI, G. ILURIDZE, T. MINASHVILI
ФІП ФИП PSE, 2012, т. 10, № 3 vol. 10, No. 3
ФІП ФИП PSE, 2012, т. 10, № 3 vol. 10, No. 3298
great part. The ε1 changes its mark three times,
besides twice by positive slope at 0.15 eV and
0.31 eV. Let’s note that the energy at 0.31 eV cor-
responds to the relative energy at the maximum of
loss function which indicates to the fact that this
energy corresponds to the plasma resonance.
Because of closeness of this energy to the energy of
absorption band the absorption is very strong, and
the excitations are damped and that is why that the
“real” plasma adsorption frequency should exceed
the theoretical value of this frequency.
CONCLUTIONS
Within a wide temperature interval 90 − 700 K the
main the dependence of electro-physical parameters
of GdSb films (specific resistance, Hall constant and
thermo-electromotive force) on temperature have
been measured. It has been shown that the films are
semimetals.
The reflection and adsorption spectra of received
films have been studied for the first time within the
intervals of 0.05 – 55 eV. On the basis of received
data the diagram of the dependence of penetration
real part and loss functions on the photon energy
have been plotted. It has been shown that the spectra
of optical parameters have quite a complex
character (nature).
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Fig. 9. The dielectric penetration spectrum of gadolinium
monoantimonide (substrate – sapphire, film thickness –
1.2 mkm).
THE ELECTROPHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF GADOLINIUM MONOANTIMONIDE THIN FILMS
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