Optical proferties of PrSb₂ thin films of dark blue coloring
A processes has been developed for the growth of thin crystalline PrSb₂ films different coloring by thermal evaporation using Pr and Sb separate sources. The room-temperature optical spectra (reflectivity, absorption coefficient, loss funqtion, real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivit...
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Науковий фізико-технологічний центр МОН та НАН України
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irk-123456789-992672016-04-26T03:02:10Z Optical proferties of PrSb₂ thin films of dark blue coloring Jabua, Z.U. Kupreishvili, I.L. Gigineishvili, A.V. A processes has been developed for the growth of thin crystalline PrSb₂ films different coloring by thermal evaporation using Pr and Sb separate sources. The room-temperature optical spectra (reflectivity, absorption coefficient, loss funqtion, real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity, optical conductivity) of PrSb₂ films dark blue coloring have been studied at phonon energy from 0.05 to 5.5 eV. The behavior and energy position of features in the spectra have been analyzed. Разработана технология приготовления тонких плёнок PrSb₂ различной окраски методом вакуумно-термического испарения из двух независимых источников Pr и Sb. При комнатной температуре измерены оптические спектры (отражение, поглощение, функция потерь, дейcтвительные и мнимые части диэлектрической проницаемости, оптическая проводимость) тонких плёнок PrSb₂ тёмно-синей окраски, в области энергии фотонов 0.05 – 5.5 эВ. Проанализированы спектральные зависимости экспериментально полученных результатов. Розроблено технологію приготування тонких плівок PrSb₂ різного забарвлення методом вакуумно-термічного виперовування із двох незалежних джерел Pr і Sb. При кімнатній температурі виміряні оптичні спектри (відбиття, поглинання, функція втрат, дійсна та мнима частини діелектричної проникності, оптична провідність) тонких плівок PrSb₂ темно-cинє забарвлення, в області енергії фотонів 0.05 – 5.5 еВ. Проаналізовані спектральні залежності експериментально отриманих результатів. 2013 Article Optical proferties of PrSb₂ thin films of dark blue coloring / Z.U. Jabua, I.L. Kupreishvili, A.V. Gigineishvili // Физическая инженерия поверхности. — 2013. — Т. 11, № 1. — С. 22–25. — Бібліогр.: 14 назв. — англ. 1999-8074 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/99267 541-67:661.863/888 en Физическая инженерия поверхности Науковий фізико-технологічний центр МОН та НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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English |
| description |
A processes has been developed for the growth of thin crystalline PrSb₂ films different coloring by
thermal evaporation using Pr and Sb separate sources. The room-temperature optical spectra (reflectivity,
absorption coefficient, loss funqtion, real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity, optical
conductivity) of PrSb₂ films dark blue coloring have been studied at phonon energy from 0.05 to
5.5 eV. The behavior and energy position of features in the spectra have been analyzed. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Jabua, Z.U. Kupreishvili, I.L. Gigineishvili, A.V. |
| spellingShingle |
Jabua, Z.U. Kupreishvili, I.L. Gigineishvili, A.V. Optical proferties of PrSb₂ thin films of dark blue coloring Физическая инженерия поверхности |
| author_facet |
Jabua, Z.U. Kupreishvili, I.L. Gigineishvili, A.V. |
| author_sort |
Jabua, Z.U. |
| title |
Optical proferties of PrSb₂ thin films of dark blue coloring |
| title_short |
Optical proferties of PrSb₂ thin films of dark blue coloring |
| title_full |
Optical proferties of PrSb₂ thin films of dark blue coloring |
| title_fullStr |
Optical proferties of PrSb₂ thin films of dark blue coloring |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Optical proferties of PrSb₂ thin films of dark blue coloring |
| title_sort |
optical proferties of prsb₂ thin films of dark blue coloring |
| publisher |
Науковий фізико-технологічний центр МОН та НАН України |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/99267 |
| citation_txt |
Optical proferties of PrSb₂ thin films of dark blue coloring / Z.U. Jabua, I.L. Kupreishvili, A.V. Gigineishvili // Физическая инженерия поверхности. — 2013. — Т. 11, № 1. — С. 22–25. — Бібліогр.: 14 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Физическая инженерия поверхности |
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| first_indexed |
2025-07-07T07:43:58Z |
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2025-07-07T07:43:58Z |
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1836973282269593600 |
| fulltext |
22
INTRODUCTION
Rare-earth antimonides continue to receive a
great deal of attention owing to their interesting
properties, which have not yet been studied in suf-
ficient detail and are the subject of controversy [1
− 11]. The effect of the oxidation state of rare-earth
ions in antimonides on their physical properties is
high current interest because the rare-earth ions
are not always in their typical oxidation state and
this materials involves the so-called phenomenon
of intermediate valence [10, 11]. Thus using X-ray
LIII – edge absorption spectroscopy was shown that
oxidation state of the Yb ion in YbSb2 thin films of
blue coloring is +2.2 and + 2.5 in films of brown
coloring.
In this work are presented results of investigation
of optical properties of PrSb2 thin films of dark blue
coloring.
EXPERIMENTAL
Crystalline PrSb2 films 0.4 – 1.8 µm thickness, were
grown by evaporation from Pr and Sb sources. The
source materials used were 99,9% PrМ-1 pra-
seodymium and 99.9999% antimony. As substra-
tes, we used glass-ceramic, fused silica, alpha-alu-
mina, and (111) – oriented single crystal Si plates.
During the growth processes, the vacuum in the
deposition chamber was − 10−5 Pa. Pr was depo-
sited by electron-beam evaporation at 910 K, and
Sb by thermal evaporation between 910 and
UDC 541-67:661.863/888
OPTICAL PROFERTIES OF PrSb2 THIN FILMS OF DARK BLUE COLORING
Z.U. Jabua, I.L. Kupreishvili, A.V. Gigineishvili
Department of Physics, Georgian Technical University (Tbilisi)
Georgia
Received 29.01.2013
A processes has been developed for the growth of thin crystalline PrSb2 films different coloring by
thermal evaporation using Pr and Sb separate sources. The room-temperature optical spectra (reflec-
tivity, absorption coefficient, loss funqtion, real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity, opti-
cal conductivity) of PrSb2 films dark blue coloring have been studied at phonon energy from 0.05 to
5.5 eV. The behavior and energy position of features in the spectra have been analyzed.
Keywords: film, substrates, intermediate valence, absorption, refraction, loss function, optical con-
ductivity.
ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ТОНКИХ ПЛЕНОК PrSb2 ТЕМНО-СИНЕЙ
ОКРАСКИ
З.У. Джабуа, И.Л. Купреишвили, А.В. Гигинеишвили
Разработана технология приготовления тонких плёнок PrSb2 различной окраски методом ва-
куумно-термического испарения из двух независимых источников Pr и Sb. При комнатной
температуре измерены оптические спектры (отражение, поглощение, функция потерь, дейcт-
вительные и мнимые части диэлектрической проницаемости, оптическая проводимость) тон-
ких плёнок PrSb2 тёмно-синей окраски, в области энергии фотонов 0.05 – 5.5 эВ. Проанализи-
рованы спектральные зависимости экспериментально полученных результатов.
Ключевые слова: плёнка, подложка, переменная валентность, поглощение, отражение, функция
потерь, оптическая проводимость.
ОПТИЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ТОНКИХ ПЛІВОК PrSb2 ТЕМНО-СИНЬОГО
ЗАБАРВЛЕННЯ
З.У. Джабуа, І.Л. Купрєішвілі, А.В. Гігінєішвілі
Розроблено технологію приготування тонких плівок PrSb2 різного забарвлення методом
вакуумно-термічного виперовування із двох незалежних джерел Pr і Sb. При кімнатній
температурі виміряні оптичні спектри (відбиття, поглинання, функція втрат, дійсна та мнима
частини діелектричної проникності, оптична провідність) тонких плівок PrSb2 темно-cинє
забарвлення, в області енергії фотонів 0.05 – 5.5 еВ. Проаналізовані спектральні залежності
експериментально отриманих результатів.
Ключові слова: плівка, підкладинка, змінна валентність, поглинання, відбиття, функція втрат,
оптична провідність.
Z.U. Jabua, I.L. Kupreishvili, A.V. Gigineishvili, 2013
23ФІП ФИП PSE, 2013, т. 11, № 1, vol. 11, No. 1
960 K. In all the growth runs, the substrate
temperature was maintained at 1020 K. The source
substrate separation was 35 mm for Pr and 25 mm
for Sb. The axis of the Pr and Sb evaporation made
angle of −20° and −25°, respectively, with the
normal to the substrate surface. The deposition rate
of the films was varied from 45 to 70 D/s. The phase
composition and structural perfection of the films
were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and
electron diffraction. The surface morphology of the
films was imaged using characteristic X-rays
(Camebax Microbeam system). The elemental
composition of the films was determined by electron
probe microanalysis. Auger electron spectroscopy
was used to obtain composition-depth profiles. The
films deposited at a fixed praseodymium source
temperature (1910 K) and fixed substrate tempe-
rature (1020 K), but at different antimony source
temperatures in the range 910 – 960 K varied
in color from goldish (∼ 910 − 925 K) to black (∼ 925
– 940 K) and to dark blue (∼ 940 − 960 K). The
reproducibility of results was ∼ 75 − 80%. The
reflection and transmission spectra, in the photon
energy range 0.05 – 5.5 eV at room temperature,
of the PrS films of goldish and black we studded
elsewhere [12, 13]. In this work we studied the ref-
lection and transmission spectra of the dark blue
coloring films, in the photon energy range 0.05 –
5.5 eV at room temperature on an IKS-21 spect-
rometer. Spectra of optical constants were obtained
by processing reflectivity data using the Kramers-
Kronig relations.
We also measured the electro resistivity, Hall
coefficient, Hall mobility, and Seebeck coefficient
of the films at 300 K.
RESULTS AN DISCUSSION
Analysis of the XRD and electron diffraction data
led us to conclude that the films were single phase
and had an orthorhombic structure (LaSb2 type) with
lattice parameters a = 6.24 D, b = 6.06 D, and
c = 17.91 D, in good agreement with those of bulk
PrSb2 crystals [14].
According to X-ray microanalysis data, the com-
position of the PrSb2 films was 33.1% Pr + 66.9%
Sb. X-ray maps of the film surface showed that the
films were rather uniform in composition. As shown
by Auger depth profiling, the films were
homogeneous in the depth direction. At a substrate
temperature of 1050 K or above, the films contai-
ned additional phases, which was probably caused
by Sb revaporization. The substrate material had an
insignificant effect on the crystallinity, phase com-
position, and color of the films.
The room temperature electrical properties of
the films are typical of the many mixed valence com-
pounds [11]: resistivity, 2⋅105 Ω⋅cm, Hall coefficient,
10–4 to 10–3 cm2/C, Hall mobility, 12 cm2/(V⋅s),
and Seebeck coefficient 1.5 µV/K.
The data in the tabl. 1 and fig. 1 – 5 illustrate the
optical properties of the PrSb2 films of dark blue
coloring.
Everyone spectral dependence can be divided
into two sites – area where, the contribution of
plazmon (ћω < 0.5 eV), it is obviously essential,
and the area, which spectral dependences should
will be defined by electronic transitions. Existence
of one, wide strip of reflection (fig. 1), covering a
Table 1
Data on position of features in spectra of
PrSb2. Note: E1 and EII are the energy of the
zero crossing in the spectrum of the real part of
permittivity, ε1(ω) = 0 with negative and
positive slope, respectively; E0
1 and E0
I, E0 are
the energy positions of the minima in parameters;
and E1 − E5 are the energy positions of the
maxima (eV)
Parameter E1 E2 E0
1 EII E4 E5
R – – 0.48 – 1.45 –
α, 105, cm–1 – 0.13 0.58 – – 4.35
σ, Ω–1, cm–1 – – 0.61 – – 2.89
ε2 – – 0.59 – 1.79 –
ε1 0.057 0.12 – 0.35 – –
Imε–1 – – – 0.39 – –
Fig. 1. Reflection spectra.
Z.U. JABUA, I.L. KUPREISHVILI, A.V. GIGINEISHVILI
24
power interval 0.5 − 5 eV, indicates very powerful
contribution transitions of fundamental character (at
high value of force of an oscillation of transitions)
which absorbs more and more thin features of a
structure of power zones. It proves to be true
regional nature of spectral dependence of factor of
absorption, since 0.58 eV value α changes from
9⋅103 cm−1 to 3⋅105 cm−1. This last size α forms an
absorption maximum at 4.35 eV (fig. 2).
The absolute minimum and all other parameters
describing processes of absorption (k, ε1, σ) is
observed also at 0.60 eV (fig. 3 − 5). However,
power provisions of their short-wave maxima differ
– 1.75 eV for ε1, 2.83 eV for σ. Thus specified
maxima of optical conductivity and factor of ab-
sorption are dominant in their ranges. Absorption in
low-energy area is shown in the form of monoto-
nously increased k, ε2, σ and in a range of factor of
absorption the strip with the center of gravity is for-
med at 0.16 eV, value in which 10 times less, than in
a short-wave maximum. Zero crossing by depen-
dence ε1(ω) takes place (fig. 3) at 0.057 eV (with
a negative inclination) and 0.35 eV (with positive).
The maximum of function of losses also settles
down near this energy (0.38 eV, fig. 5). Well created
negative and positive extreme of the valid part of
dielectric permeability it is observed, respectively,
at 0.12 eV and 0.78 eV.
Fig. 2. Absorption spectra.
Fig. 3. Spectra of the real (ε1) and imaginary part (ε2) of
permittivity.
Fig. 4. Spectra of optical conductivity.
Fig. 5. Loss function spectra.
OPTICAL PROFERTIES OF PrSb2 THIN FILMS OF DARK BLUE COLORING
ФІП ФИП PSE, 2013, т. 11, № 1, vol. 11, No. 1
25ФІП ФИП PSE, 2013, т. 11, № 1, vol. 11, No. 1
Data on position of features in spectra are
summarized in the tabl. 1.
CONCLUSION
The first process has been developed for the growth
of thin crystalline PrSb2 films of different coloring
(orthorhombic symmetry, LaSb2structure, lattice
parameters a = 6.24 D , b = 6.06 D , and
c = 17.91 D).
We have studied the room-temperature optical
spectra (reflectivity, absorption coefficient, loss
function, real and imaginary parts of dielectric
permittivity, optical conductivity) of PrSb2 films of
dark blue coloring at phonon energy from 0.05 to
5.5 eV. The main features, power position of the
revealed structures in all ranges are considered.
We are grateful to L.V. Gazina, R.S. Iakubova
for their assistance in the experimental work.
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Z.U. JABUA, I.L. KUPREISHVILI, A.V. GIGINEISHVILI
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