New records of Erysiphe species on Catalpa bignonioides in Ukraine
The distribution in Ukraine and morphological peculiarities of the North American invasive powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe elevatа (Burrill) U. Braun et S. Takam. and Eurasian E. catalpae Simonian both pathogens of Catalpa Scop. are given. It was demonstrated that these species are distinguishable by...
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irk-123456789-99922010-07-16T12:01:19Z New records of Erysiphe species on Catalpa bignonioides in Ukraine Heluta, V.P. Dzyunenko, O.O. Cook, R.T.A. Isikov, V.P. Нові знахідки The distribution in Ukraine and morphological peculiarities of the North American invasive powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe elevatа (Burrill) U. Braun et S. Takam. and Eurasian E. catalpae Simonian both pathogens of Catalpa Scop. are given. It was demonstrated that these species are distinguishable by features of the peridium surface in addition to the previously known differences in the characteristics of chasmothecia and their appendages, the shapes of ascospores, conidiophores and conidia. It is suggested that with time the native species, E. catalpae, will be supplanted by the invasive E. elevatа. Наводиться інформація про поширення в Україні та морфологічні особливості інвазійного північноамериканського виду борошнисторосяного гриба Erysiphe elevatа (Burrill) U. Braun et S. Takam. та євразійського E. catalpae Simonian. Показано, що крім форми конідієносців і плодових тіл, форми і місця прикріплення придатків, ці види можуть розрізнятися за особливостями поверхні перидію та за формою аскоспор. Передбачається, що аборигенний вид E. catalpae з часом буде витіснений інвазійним видом E. elevatа. Приводится информация о распространении в Украине и морфологических особенностях инвазионного североамериканского вида мучнисторосяного гриба Erysiphe elevatа (Burrill) U. Braun et S. Takam. и евразийского E. catalpae Simonian. Показано, что кроме формы конидиеносцев и плодовых тел, формы и места прикрепления придатков, эти виды могут различаться по особенностям поверхности перидия и по форме аскоспор. Высказано предположение, что аборигенный вид E. catalpae будет со временем вытеснен инвазионным видом E. elevatа. 2009 Article New records of Erysiphe species on Catalpa bignonioides in Ukraine / V.P. Heluta, O.O. Dzyunenko, R.T.A. Cook, V.P. Isikov // Укр. ботан. журн. — 2009. — Т. 66, № 3. — С. 346-353. — Бібліогр.: 26 назв. — англ. 0372-4123 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/9992 en Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України |
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Нові знахідки Нові знахідки Heluta, V.P. Dzyunenko, O.O. Cook, R.T.A. Isikov, V.P. New records of Erysiphe species on Catalpa bignonioides in Ukraine |
| description |
The distribution in Ukraine and morphological peculiarities of the North American invasive powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe elevatа (Burrill) U. Braun et S. Takam. and Eurasian E. catalpae Simonian both pathogens of Catalpa Scop. are given. It was demonstrated that these species are distinguishable by features of the peridium surface in addition to the previously known differences in the characteristics of chasmothecia and their appendages, the shapes of ascospores, conidiophores and conidia. It is suggested that with time the native species, E. catalpae, will be supplanted by the invasive E. elevatа. |
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Article |
| author |
Heluta, V.P. Dzyunenko, O.O. Cook, R.T.A. Isikov, V.P. |
| author_facet |
Heluta, V.P. Dzyunenko, O.O. Cook, R.T.A. Isikov, V.P. |
| author_sort |
Heluta, V.P. |
| title |
New records of Erysiphe species on Catalpa bignonioides in Ukraine |
| title_short |
New records of Erysiphe species on Catalpa bignonioides in Ukraine |
| title_full |
New records of Erysiphe species on Catalpa bignonioides in Ukraine |
| title_fullStr |
New records of Erysiphe species on Catalpa bignonioides in Ukraine |
| title_full_unstemmed |
New records of Erysiphe species on Catalpa bignonioides in Ukraine |
| title_sort |
new records of erysiphe species on catalpa bignonioides in ukraine |
| publisher |
Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України |
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2009 |
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Нові знахідки |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/9992 |
| citation_txt |
New records of Erysiphe species on Catalpa bignonioides in Ukraine / V.P. Heluta, O.O. Dzyunenko, R.T.A. Cook, V.P. Isikov // Укр. ботан. журн. — 2009. — Т. 66, № 3. — С. 346-353. — Бібліогр.: 26 назв. — англ. |
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2025-07-02T13:08:43Z |
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| fulltext |
V.P. HELUTA 1, O.O. DZYUNENKO 1,2,
R.T.A. COOK 3, V.P. ISIKOV 4
1 M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine
2 Tereshchenkivska St., Kiev, 01601, Ukraine
vheluta@botany.kiev.ua
2 Botanical Garden of V.I. Vernadsky Taurida National University
4 Academician Vernadsky Avenue, Simpheropol, Autonomous Republic
of Crimea, 95007, Ukraine
3 European Mycological Network
30 Galtres Avenue, York, YO31 1JT, United Kingdom
rtacook@hotmail.com
4 Nikita Botanical Garden — National Science Centre of UAAS
Nikita, Yalta, Autonomous Republic of Crimea, 98648, Ukraine
NEW RECORDS OF ERYSIPHE SPECIES
ON CATALPA BIGNONIOIDES IN UKRAINE
K e y w o r d s: Erysiphales, Microsphaera, new records, peridial surface,
Ukraine
ISSN 0372�4123. Ukr. Botan. Journ., 2009, vol. 66, № 3 346
The number of powdery mildew species in Europe is continually increasing due to the
invasion of new species from other regions. They spread rapidly and epiphytotically
through the new territories parasitizing not only their introduced hosts, but often na�
tive plants as well. For example, over the last few decades such North American spe�
cies as Erysiphe (Microsphaera) azaleae (U. Braun) U. Braun et S. Takam., E. (Uncinu�
la) flexuosa (Peck) U. Braun et S. Takam., East Asian E. arcuata U. Braun, Heluta et
S. Takam etc. became common species in Europe, including Ukraine. Erysiphe (Mic�
rosphaera) elevata (Burrill) U. Braun et S. Takam. is also an invasive species that was
reported on Catalpa Scop. representatives in several European countries, e.g. in 2002
on C. bignonioides Walt. in Great Britain and Hungary (Ale�Agha et al., 2004; Cook
et al., 2004, 2006; Vajna et al., 2004; Kiss, 2005), and later in Germany, Slovakia, Slo�
venia, France, Czech, and Switzerland (Ale�Agha et al., 2004; Millevoj, 2004; Pas�
tircakova et al., 2006). The fungus was also found on C. ovata in Switzerland, on C. �
� erubescens Carr (C. bignonioides � ovata) in Germany (Ale�Agha et al., 2004), and
on this hybrid and on Chitalpa tashkentensis (Chilopsis linearis � Catalpa bignonioides)
in Great Britain (Cook et al., 2006). We now report that in 2007 E. elevata was found
in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Ukraine).
Erysiphe elevata (Fig. 1) is a common North American species which up to the
21st century was known on C. bignonioides and C. speciosa only in Canada and USA
(Amano, 1986; Braun, 1987; Farr et al., 1989). This fungus has an anamorph of the
Pseudoidium type which was described in detail by Ale�Agha et al. (2004) and Cook
et al. (2006). The teleomorph consists of hemispherical ascomata (chasmothecia) that
are depressed on the underside. The chasmothecia possess rather long dichotomous�
ly branched (microsphaeroid) appendages. Thus, this species was formerly placed in
© V.P. HELUTA, O.O. DZYUNENKO, R.T.A. COOK, V.P. ISIKOV, 2009
ISSN 0372�4123. Укр. ботан. журн., 2009, т. 66, № 3 347
Microsphaera Lev. In July 2007 the first finding by us of this fungus was in the Cri�
mean town of Alushta in an ornamental plantation alongside the Simpheropol —
Yalta highway. Almost at the same time the fungus was collected in Simpheropol, and
shortly afterwards in three localities in Kiev. In the next year it was recorded by the
authors in several localities in Simpheropol, in the town of Kerch (Crimea), and ag�
ain in Kiev but only in one locality.
Another powdery mildew on Catalpa, Erysiphe catalpae Simonian (Fig. 2), was
described on C. bignonioides based on the specimens collected in Armenia as far back
as 1957 (Симонян, 1984). However, the same fungus was probably found in Ukraine
as early as 1909. It was reported by Jaczewsky (Ячевский, 1910, 1927) from the Ni�
kita Botanical Garden (Crimea) as Oidium bignoniae Jacz., i.e. the anamorph of
E. communis f. bignoniae Jacz. (= E. catalpae). The teleomorph state of this fungus was
Fig. 1. Erysiphe elevata (Burrill) U. Braun et S. Takam. on Catalpa bignonioides Walt. as viewed by light
microscopy apart from c which is viewed by a scanning electron microscope: a – the host plant affected
by the fungus; b–c – fruit bodies; d – appendages, basal part; e–f – dichotomously branched apical parts
of the appendages; g–h – ascospores (bars: b – 100 μm, c, g, h – 20 μm, and d–f – 50 μm)
ISSN 0372�4123. Ukr. Botan. Journ., 2009, vol. 66, № 3348
found by Lavitska (Лавітська, 1955) in 1950 in the Sophiivka arboretum (town of
Uman, Cherkasy region, Ukraine). Based on this information, Heluta (Гелюта, 1989)
reported E. catalpae in his volume on powdery mildews in «Fungi Flora of Ukraine».
This fungus was also recorded in other European countries and in Asia on C. bignonioi�
des, C. japonica Dode, C. ovata G. Don fil., and C. speciosa (Warder ex Barney) War�
der ex Engelm. (Blumer, 1967; Sandu�Ville, 1967; Бункина, 1978, 1991; Горленко,
1983; Salata, 1985; Amano, 1986; Григалюнайте, 1990; Симонян, 1994; Rankovic,
2002; Ale�Agha et al., 2004; Cook et al., 2006). In 2007 a microscope study of pow�
dery mildews collected from C. bignonioides by O. Dzyunenko in the Botanical Gar�
den of Taurida National University (Simpheropol) has revealed that only E. catalpae
was present here.
It should be noted that the chasmothecia of E. catalpae have mycelioid appenda�
ges, whose apices are simple, not branched dichotomously. However, immature speci�
Fig. 2. Erysiphe catalpae Simonian on Catalpa bignonioides Walt.: a–c – as viewed by a scanning electron
microscope, d–h – as viewed by light microscopy: a–c – chasmothecia; d – appendages; e–g – asci (e, g –
very flattened by a microglass), h – ascospore (bars: a, b, d, e – 50 μm, c, f, g – 20 μm, and h – 10 μm)
mens of E. elevata can also have unbranched appendages (Cook et al., 2006). Ale�Agha
et al. (2004) carried out comparative analysis of features of these two fungi. As a result,
the authors concluded that the chasmothecia of E. catalpae were not immature ones of
E. elevata as previously thought. These fungi are separate species with a number of mor�
phological differences. Thus, conidiophores of E. catalpae have a straight foot cell,
wider conidia (14—20 μm), chasmothecia with short simple appendages and peridial
cells irregularly shaped, whereas E. elevata has conidiophores with a curved foot cell,
conidia 8—15 μm wide, chasmothecia with long apically dichotomously branched ap�
pendages and rounded or angular peridial cells. When distinguishing these species mor�
phologically, Cook et al. (2006) emphasised the place of attachment of the appendage
to the chasmothecium. Erysiphe catalpae has appendages attached to the base of the
chasmothecium and they are more or less curved mycelioid, 1—2 septate, whereas
those of E. elevata are mainly equatorial, well differentiated from the mycelium, stiff
throughout most of their length, and aseptate or with only a single septum near the
base.
We also did a similar comparative analysis of the Ukrainian specimens using the
type specimen of E. catalpae from Armenia. It was clear that our results generally ag�
reed with the conclusions of the above workers. However not previously observed was
our finding that the chasmothecial peridia of E. elevata are very easily distinguished
from those of E. catalpae as indicated by a comparison of the SEM images, Fig. 1, c
and Fig. 2, a–c. Consequently in reflected light under the dissecting microscope chas�
mothecia of E. elevata have a rough surface (Fig. 3, a) whereas those of E. catalpae are
smooth with highly reflective patches (Fig. 3, b). In addition, we observed that ascos�
pores of E. elevata are more elongated, sometimes with unequal ends, i.e. oblong ovo�
id (Fig. 1, g—h), whereas ascospores of E. catalpae are almost always ellipsoidal, only
occasionally being short and ovoid (Fig. 2, e, g—h). This agreed with previous find�
ings regarding the differences in shape of ascospores, but not the supposed differences
in ascospore size where those of E. elevata were notably narrower than those of E. ca�
talpae (Ale�Agha et al., 2004; Braun, 1987, Cook et al., 2006). Similar differences in
the relative sizes of conidia were not observed in our material. However, the width of
conidia can be influenced by their degree of hydration (Cook, Braun, 2009).
Cook et al. (2006) carried out a molecular phylogenetic study on powdery mil�
dews recorded on Catalpa species in Great Britain. These authors ascertained that the
rDNA ITS sequences of E. catalpae are close to the E. aquilegiae DC. complex, whe�
reas those of E. elevata are related to species of the section Microsphaera (Lev.) U. Bra�
un et N. Shishkoff. Thus, these Catalpa powdery mildews are rather distant phyloge�
netically. The first author has previously observed that chasmothecia of many samples
of E. aquilegiae had the shiny peridial surface very similar to that of E. catalpae. So,
it is not surprising that these two taxa are close phylogenetically.
Considering that E. catalpae is quite a rare species and its description (Гелюта,
1989) was based on specimens only from Armenia and not from Ukrainian material
and E. elevata is a new invasive species in Ukraine we present here descriptions and
illustrations of these species. It should be noted that in 2007 in the Botanical Garden
ISSN 0372�4123. Укр. ботан. журн., 2009, т. 66, № 3 349
ISSN 0372�4123. Ukr. Botan. Journ., 2009, vol. 66, № 3350
1 This locality was registered through a trolleybus window 27.08.07 by V.P. Heluta in the first time.
of Taurida National University only E. catalpae was collected, and all plants showed
very severe infection, but in the next year E. elevata was also observed on certain trees.
Therefore, it is likely that the native fungus may be supplanted in future by E. eleva�
ta, an invasive North American species. A similar phenomenon was observed in the
1970s in Europe when a local biotype of E. trifolii Grev. on Caragana arborescens
Lam. was supplanted over a period of one year by Erysiphe (Microsphaera) palczewskii
(Jacz.) U. Braun et S. Takam., an invasive Far Eastern species (Гелюта, Горленко,
1984).
Erysiphe elevata (Burill) U. Braun et S. Takam., Schlechtendalia 4: 8 (2000) (Fig. 1)
Mycelium white, only epiphyllous, forming rounded patches eventually merging
and forming a white dense film. Anamorph Pseudoidium. Conidiophores 3—4�celled,
foot cell curved, conidia ellipsoidal, 26.5—33.0 � 10.0—16.5 μm. Chasmothecia nu�
merous, only on the upper side of the leaf, black or dark brown, hemispherical, depres�
sed in the lower part, 92—110 μm in diam. Appendages mainly equatorial, few in num�
ber (4—8), length about 4—5 times the diameter of the chasmothecium, non�septate or
with a single septum in the basal part, colourless, well differentiated from the mycelium,
rising above the chasmothecia and loosely interlacing, 2—5 times dichotomously bran�
ched apices, tips of final branches curved. Peridial cells rounded or angular, 11—20 μm
in diam., peridium matt in reflected light. Asci 4—7, sessile or on a short stalk, 41.5—
59.0 � 33.5—40.0 μm, 3—5�spored. Ascospores ellipsoidal, sometimes oblong ovoid,
19—27 � 13–16 μm.
Specimens examined
On Catalpa bignonioides Walt.: Ukraine, Kiev, Pivdenna (South) Borshchahivka,
Simyi Sosninykh St., 16.10.2007, 31.10.2008, V.P. Heluta; Centre, Taras Shevchen�
ko Avenue, 15.09.2007, V.P. Heluta (anamorph); Centre, Shevchenko Park,
24.10.2007, V.P. Heluta; Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Alushta, near the bus sta�
tion, 15.08.2007, V.P. Heluta (anamorph); Alushta, northern environs, before Velyka
Kutuzovka, 02, 03.10.2007, V.P. Isikov1; Simpheropol, Bespalov St., 13.07.2007,
Fig. 3. Chasmothecia as viewed under the dissecting microscope in reflected light: a – the matt peridial
surfaces of Erysiphe elevata; b – the shiny surfaces of E. catalpae (bars: a, b – 100 μm)
ISSN 0372�4123. Укр. ботан. журн., 2009, т. 66, № 3 351
05.09.2008, 14.10.2008, O.O. Dzyunenko; Myru St., 14.10.2008, O.O. Dzyunenko;
Kievska St., 15.10.2008, O.O. Dzyunenko; Kerch, Komsomolsky Park, 26.08.2008,
17.10.2008, O.O. Dzyunenko; Botanical Garden of Taurida National University,
12.11.2008, O.O. Dzyunenko.
Erysiphe catalpae Simonian, Микология и фитопатология 18(6): 463 (1984)
(Fig. 2)
Syn.: Erysiphe communis f. bignoniae Jacz., Карм. опред. грибов, вып. 2: 231
(1927); Oidium bignoniae Jacz., ibid.: 260.
Mycelium white, mainly epiphyllous, forming rounded patches eventually mer�
ging. Anamorph Pseudoidium. Conidiophores 2—3�celled, foot cell straight, conidia
ellipsoidal, 23.0—29.5 � 13.0–16.5 μm. Chasmothecia numerous, only on the upper
side of the leaf, black or dark brown, hemispherical, depressed in the lower part, (76)
96—142 μm in diam. Appendages attached to the base of the chasmothecium, 6—10,
length about 1—4 times the diameter of the chasmothecium, with 1—2 septa, brown�
ish in the basal part, mycelioid, mostly simple, without dichotomously branched
apices. Peridial cells irregular in outline, 10—15 μm in diam., peridium shining in
reflected light. Asci 5—6, ovoid, on a short stalk, 43—56 � 29.5—39.5 μm, 4—6�
spored. Ascospores ellipsoidal, sometimes short ovoid, 16.5—23.0 � 10—13 μm.
Specimens examined
On Catalpa bignonioides Walt.: Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Simpheropol, Bota�
nical Garden of Taurida National University, 11.10.2007, 06.11.2007, 15.11.2007,
05.09.2008, 14.10.2008, O.O. Dzyunenko.
Acknowledgments. Authors are grateful to the late Mr. D. Diomenko, for his help
with scanning electron microscopy.
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Recommended for publication Submitted 20.02.2009
by I.O. Dudka
В.П. Гелюта1, О.О. Дзюненко1,2, Р.Т.А. Кук3, В.П. Ісіков4
1 Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України, м. Київ
2 Ботанічний сад Таврійського національного університету ім. В.І. Вернадського,
м. Сімферополь
3 Європейська мікологічна мережа, Йорк, Велика Британія
4 Нікітський ботанічний сад — Національний науковий центр УААН, м. Ялта
НОВІ ЗНАХІДКИ ВИДІВ РОДУ ERYSIPHE НА CATALPA BIGNONIOIDES В УКРАЇНІ
Наводиться інформація про поширення в Україні та морфологічні особливості інвазійного
північноамериканського виду борошнисторосяного гриба Erysiphe elevatа (Burrill) U. Braun
et S. Takam. та євразійського E. catalpae Simonian. Показано, що крім форми конідієносців
і плодових тіл, форми і місця прикріплення придатків, ці види можуть розрізнятися за
особливостями поверхні перидію та за формою аскоспор. Передбачається, що абориген�
ний вид E. catalpae з часом буде витіснений інвазійним видом E. elevatа.
К л ю ч о в і с л о в а: Erysiphales, Microsphaera, нові знахідки, поверхня перидію, Україна.
ISSN 0372�4123. Ukr. Botan. Journ., 2009, vol. 66, № 3352
ISSN 0372�4123. Укр. ботан. журн., 2009, т. 66, № 3 353
В.П. Гелюта1, Е.А. Дзюненко1,2, Р.Т.А. Кук3, В.П. Исиков4
1 Институт ботаники им. Н.Г. Холодного НАН Украины, г. Киев
2 Ботанический сад Таврического национального университета им. В.И. Вернадского,
г. Симферополь
3 Европейская микологическая сеть, Йорк, Великобритания
4 Никитский ботанический сад — Национальный научный центр УААН, г. Ялта
НОВЫЕ НАХОДКИ ВИДОВ РОДА ERYSIPHE НА CATALPA BIGNONIOIDES
В УКРАИНЕ
Приводится информация о распространении в Украине и морфологических особенностях
инвазионного североамериканского вида мучнисторосяного гриба Erysiphe elevatа (Burrill)
U. Braun et S. Takam. и евразийского E. catalpae Simonian. Показано, что кроме формы ко�
нидиеносцев и плодовых тел, формы и места прикрепления придатков, эти виды могут раз�
личаться по особенностям поверхности перидия и по форме аскоспор. Высказано предпо�
ложение, что аборигенный вид E. catalpae будет со временем вытеснен инвазионным видом
E. elevatа.
К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а: Erysiphales, Microsphaera, новые находки, поверхность перидия,
Украина.
V.P. Heluta1, O.O. Dzyunenko1,2, R.T.A. Cook3, V.P. Isikov4
1 M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
Kiev, Ukraine
2 V.I. Vernadsky Taurida National University, Simpheropol, Ukraine
3 European Mycological Network, York, United Kingdom
4 Nikita Botanical Garden � National Science Centre, Yalta, Ukraine
NEW RECORDS OF ERYSIPHE SPECIES ON CATALPA BIGNONIOIDES IN UKRAINE
The distribution in Ukraine and morphological peculiarities of the North American invasive pow�
dery mildew fungus Erysiphe elevatа (Burrill) U. Braun et S. Takam. and Eurasian E. catalpae Si�
monian both pathogens of Catalpa Scop. are given. It was demonstrated that these species are dis�
tinguishable by features of the peridium surface in addition to the previously known differences in
the characteristics of chasmothecia and their appendages, the shapes of ascospores, conidiophores
and conidia. It is suggested that with time the native species, E. catalpae, will be supplanted by the
invasive E. elevatа.
K e y w o r d s: Erysiphales, Microsphaera, new records, peridial surface, Ukraine.
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