Оцінка ризику техногенних аварій насосів АЕС та їхніх екологічних наслідків
The main attention in the operation of nuclear power plants (NPPs) is paid to the problem of nuclear and radiation safety. Large water flows are moved using NPP pumping equipment. Therefore, pumping equipment is the most important component of NPP safety system. Acceptance criteria for assessing the...
Збережено в:
| Дата: | 2025 |
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| Автори: | , , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Ukrainian |
| Опубліковано: |
State Scientific and Technical Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety
2025
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| Онлайн доступ: | https://nuclear-journal.com/index.php/journal/article/view/1250 |
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| Назва журналу: | Nuclear and Radiation Safety |
Репозитарії
Nuclear and Radiation Safety| Резюме: | The main attention in the operation of nuclear power plants (NPPs) is paid to the problem of nuclear and radiation safety. Large water flows are moved using NPP pumping equipment. Therefore, pumping equipment is the most important component of NPP safety system. Acceptance criteria for assessing the radiation impact of accidents at NPP pumps are determined by the reference and permissible levels of emissions and discharges from the facility into the environment, which in turn shall limit the radiation impact to the levels of exposure dose limits to the public. The correct operation of pumping equipment can increase the safety and reliability of NPP operation.
The analysis of defects in NPP pumping equipment was based on statistical data obtained from reports on detected defects in pumping equipment of Ukrainian NPPs. The analysis of the data provided showed that the most common defects in pumping equipment are leaks through end seals and increased vibration.
The paper proposes a generalized method for assessing and predicting man-made risks of accidents at NPP pumps using mathematical statistical methods. The developed methodology is designed to provide a mathematical tool for a preliminary assessment of acceptability of risks of man-made emergencies at NPPs and defines the initial concepts and prerequisites for assessing the degree of acceptability of man-made risks and forming a concept for forecasting, assessing and optimizing the man-made risk of NPP pump accidents.
The ways of ensuring environmental protection by increasing reliability and tightness of NPP pumping equipment are considered. It is indicated that when designing centrifugal machines with high parameters, it is necessary to develop seals that also act as additional dynamic supports to increase their vibrational and environmental safety. The developed mathematical model for preventing critical modes in equipment operation is a promising way to create a concept for reducing the risk of man-made accidents at pumping equipment by increasing its tightness and vibrational reliability. |
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